Is ben/bin/בן a particle, a patronymic marker, or a given name? (Karim Ben Salah, בן כספית, Youssef Ait Taleb) #1257

The Arabic and Hebrew "son of" words, their Maghrebi forms, and their articles have readings that pull different ways:

Each one asks for a set membership: particle, never-given particle, patronymic marker, or given name. But Ben is a given name in English and Hebrew, El is a Spanish article, and ben both inside and at the start of Maghrebi surnames is a family-name particle. One membership per word in each language file has to serve all of these at once.

The shape question: which files hold each word, and as what kind? Does בן keep its never-given reading against #1209? Can a Maghrebi ben be a particle under a language choice without changing the default? decisions/vocabulary-collisions is the criterion. #1210's surname question (in the father's-name umbrella) is the same word's other side.

Sub-issues: #1209, #1248, #1211, #1150, #1240, #1249.