S3UTILS-248: move to Node 24

[francoisferrand]

Part of the org-wide Node 24 upgrade (OS-1155). Raises the engines floor and moves CI and the image to Node 24.

Two things broke along the way:

• diskusage fails to build on Node 24 — it uses a NAN API V8 removed, and is unmaintained since 2021. It only reached us through a stale nested arsenal#8.2.4 dragged in by bucketclient#8.2.6; bucketclient#8.2.10 makes Arsenal a peer dependency, so the duplicate (and diskusage with it) drops out of the tree.
• node-rdkafka 2.x builds with C++17, which no longer compiles against Node 24's v8/cppgc headers. 3.x builds with C++20.

Validated on Node 24.21.0: install, lint, 32 unit suites / 472 tests, plus a docker build and an in-image require of arsenal/bucketclient/node-rdkafka.

Issue: S3UTILS-248

[bert-e]

Hello francoisferrand,

My role is to assist you with the merge of this
pull request. Please type @bert-e help to get information
on this process, or consult the user documentation.

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name	description	privileged	authored
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Available commands

name	description	privileged
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/reset	Try to remove integration branches unless there are commits on them which do not appear on the source branch.

Status report is not available.

[bert-e]

Incorrect fix version

The Fix Version/s in issue S3UTILS-248 contains:

• None

Considering where you are trying to merge, I ignored possible hotfix versions and I expected to find:

• 1.20.0

Please check the Fix Version/s of S3UTILS-248, or the target
branch of this pull request.