feat(bigquery-jdbc): implement PreparedStatement ParameterMetaData and Calendar date setters

[Neenu1995]

b/535194644

• Parameter Metadata Introspection: Implemented BigQueryPreparedStatement.getParameterMetaData() for client-side schema discovery (getParameterCount, getParameterType, getParameterTypeName, getParameterClassName).
• Timezone-Aware Calendar Setters: Implemented setDate(index, date, cal), setTime(index, time, cal), and setTimestamp(index, timestamp, cal) using field-projection math for accurate target timezone handling.
• JSR-310 java.time Support: Integrated LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime, OffsetDateTime, Instant, and ZonedDateTime into setObject() overloads.
• Type Registry Update: Registered java.time classes in BigQueryJdbcTypeMappings.classToType to map to StandardSQLTypeName.DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP.

[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request enhances the BigQuery JDBC driver by implementing missing parameter setter methods in BigQueryPreparedStatement, adding BigQueryParameterMetaData support, and updating type mappings to include SMALLINT, TINYINT, and NULL types. The reviewer correctly identified that the setDate, setTime, and setTimestamp methods with Calendar overloads modify the provided Calendar object in-place, which is an unexpected side effect for callers. It is recommended to clone the Calendar object before performing modifications to ensure the original object remains unchanged.