Remember a kept cached image until the upstream changes

[MickLesk]

"Keep cached" in vm_fetch_image was asked on every run once a mirror had rebuilt an image (Debian's latest cloud images do that regularly). The answer is now stored next to the file in <file>.keep together with the upstream checksum it was given against; the question returns only when that checksum changes, and a download removes the marker. Without a published checksum nothing changes.

Covered by a new case in tests/vm-helpers.sh (41 pass).

[github-actions]

Try this branch

The engine and the scripts resolve independently, so a production script can
be run against the engine from this PR by setting one variable:

COMMUNITY_SCRIPTS_CORE_URL=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/community-scripts/core/fix/vm-cache-keep \
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/community-scripts/ProxmoxVE/main/ct/debian.sh)"

Swap ct/debian.sh for whatever exercises the change.

This PR touches pve/, so it needs a Proxmox VE host.

Run a script from a fork as well

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/community-scripts/core/fix/vm-cache-keep/tools/run.sh |
  bash -s -- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/YOU/DevScripts/your-branch ct/debian.sh \
             https://raw.githubusercontent.com/community-scripts/core/fix/vm-cache-keep

Note that run.sh is reached through a pipe, so the script it starts inherits
an exhausted stdin. Whiptail is fine — it opens /dev/tty — but a plain read
would see EOF. The single-variable form above does not have that problem.

Useful flags while testing

dev_mode=net logs every engine fetch with status and duration, which is the
quickest way to confirm the branch is really being used. dev_mode=keep stops a
failed build from deleting the container along with the evidence.