[C++] std::in_range in column_reader.cc fails to compile with CRAN's macOS 11.3 SDK #55430

The test-r-macos-as-cran nightly cran-release job, which builds Arrow C++ from source against the macOS 11.3 SDK that CRAN uses, has been failing since 2026-11-01 with:

cpp/src/parquet/column_reader.cc:88:41: error: no member named 'in_range' in namespace 'std'

Failing lines:

std::in_range was added in libc++ 13; the 11.3 SDK's libc++ does not have it. Introduced in #50629.

Failing run (2026-11-01): https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/41278980783

Same class of problem as GH-49176 and GH-53945. Fix is to guard on __cpp_lib_integer_comparison_functions and fall back to a std::numeric_limits comparison, or just write the comparison directly.

Note that on current main this error is masked by GH-55429 (std::invocable in codegen_internal.h), which fails earlier in the build; it will reappear once that is fixed.

This issue was drafted by Claude from the crossbow nightly logs and reviewed by Nic Crane before posting.