[Go][Parquet] Add Metadata Package #29284

The next chunk of code for the native Go implementation of Parquet: the metadata package which includes all of the types and functionality for handling Parquet metadata and statistics.

Reporter: Matthew Topol / @zeroshade
Assignee: Matthew Topol / @zeroshade

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #10951

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13646. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}