fix(protocols): an empty raw option raises IndexError in the IPv4, HOPOPT and IPv6_Opts makers #2723

Found while fixing #2708. #2708 makes a raw b'' TCP option raise ProtocolError, but the same input still fails as a bare IndexError in other makers on main at 982b542fc.

• IPv4(options=[b''])
• HOPOPT(options=[b''])
• IPv6_Opts(options=[b''])

Each raw-bytes option branch reads schema[0] before it checks the length. A malformed caller value should raise ProtocolError, as the other malformed items in those branches do. Sweep every maker with a raw-bytes option or parameter branch for the same gap.