diff --git a/backends/native/runtime/Method.cpp b/backends/native/runtime/Method.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9ff79a4a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/native/runtime/Method.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+#include <executorch/backends/native/runtime/Method.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ptn {
+
+namespace {
+
+const char* output_kind_name(OutputKind kind) {
+  switch (kind) {
+    case OutputKind::UserOutput:
+      return "UserOutput";
+    case OutputKind::BufferMutation:
+      return "BufferMutation";
+    case OutputKind::UserInputMutation:
+      return "UserInputMutation";
+  }
+  return "?";
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+std::string Method::to_string() const {
+  std::string s = "method " + name + "\n";
+  s += graph.to_string();
+
+  s += "data_bindings: [";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < data_bindings.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i) {
+      s += ", ";
+    }
+    const DataBinding& b = data_bindings[i];
+    s += "%" + std::to_string(b.value_ref) + "=" + b.key + "(" +
+        value_role_name(b.role) + (b.has_data ? "" : ",zero_init") +
+        (b.mutated ? ",mutated" : "") + ")";
+  }
+  s += "]\n";
+
+  s += "output_specs: [";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < output_specs.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i) {
+      s += ", ";
+    }
+    const OutputSpec& o = output_specs[i];
+    s += output_kind_name(o.kind);
+    if (valid(o.target_ref)) {
+      s += "(%" + std::to_string(o.target_ref) + ")";
+    }
+  }
+  s += "]\n";
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+} // namespace ptn
diff --git a/backends/native/runtime/Method.h b/backends/native/runtime/Method.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b57608af2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backends/native/runtime/Method.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <executorch/backends/native/runtime/graph/Graph.h>
+#include <executorch/backends/native/runtime/graph/Ids.h>
+#include <executorch/backends/native/runtime/graph/Value.h>
+
+namespace ptn {
+
+// Classifies a graph-level output value (schema OutputKind). USER_OUTPUT is a
+// real result; the mutation kinds mark a value that writes back into a
+// persistent buffer or a user input. Distinct from the node-level
+// OutputValueKind (tensor / list / scalar).
+enum class OutputKind : int8_t {
+  UserOutput = 0,
+  BufferMutation = 1,
+  UserInputMutation = 2,
+};
+
+// Binds a method-graph placeholder value to its external storage. Unifies the
+// schema's NamedTensorRef (constant-backed: parameter / frozen constant /
+// persistent buffer — data shipped under `key`) and MutableBufferSpec
+// (non-persistent buffer — no data, zero-initialized at load, e.g. a KV cache).
+// `key` is the namespace-3 fully-qualified name: an external-constant-file key
+// when `has_data`, else the buffer's cross-method identity. `has_data` selects
+// the load path (fetch bytes vs zero-init). `mutated` (schema
+// NamedTensorRef.mutated) marks a Buffer written in place, whose state persists
+// across executions — parameters / frozen constants / read-only buffers are
+// false. `role` mirrors the bound Value's role (kept here too for direct access
+// when iterating bindings). Tensor metadata is not duplicated — it lives on the
+// bound Value.
+struct DataBinding {
+  ValueRef value_ref = kInvalid;
+  ValueRole role = ValueRole::Parameter; // Parameter / Buffer / ConstantTensor
+  // Namespace-3 fqn: the constant-file key if has_data, else the buffer's
+  // cross-method identity.
+  std::string key;
+  bool has_data = true; // bytes shipped under key, else zero-init at load
+  bool mutated = false; // written in place; state persists across executions
+};
+
+// Per graph-output classification (schema OutputSpec), aligned to
+// graph.output_refs by index. `target_ref` references the mutated placeholder
+// value in this method graph — the user input (UserInputMutation) or the buffer
+// (BufferMutation), both of which are lifted placeholders here; kInvalid for
+// UserOutput. The wire strings are recovered from that Value: its `name` (SSA,
+// namespace 2) and, for a buffer, its DataBinding's `key` (fqn, namespace 3).
+struct OutputSpec {
+  OutputKind kind = OutputKind::UserOutput;
+  ValueRef target_ref = kInvalid;
+};
+
+// A named method: one top-level pure Graph plus its stateful signature
+// bindings. `data_bindings` is the authoritative placeholder→storage table
+// (merging the schema's constants + mutable_buffers); the deserializer also
+// stamps each bound placeholder Value's role / data_key for O(1) per-value
+// queries. HOP subgraphs (inside graph.subgraphs) carry no bindings — their
+// params are lifted here and passed as operands.
+struct Method {
+  std::string name;
+  Graph graph;
+  std::vector<DataBinding> data_bindings;
+  std::vector<OutputSpec> output_specs; // aligned to graph.output_refs by index
+
+  // Multi-line debug dump: name, the graph, and the binding tables.
+  std::string to_string() const;
+};
+
+} // namespace ptn
diff --git a/backends/native/runtime/graph/Value.h b/backends/native/runtime/graph/Value.h
index 746ae583ae0..408926bd3e8 100644
--- a/backends/native/runtime/graph/Value.h
+++ b/backends/native/runtime/graph/Value.h
@@ -28,6 +28,37 @@ enum class ValueKind : int8_t {
   List = 3,
 };
 
+// How a Value's storage is owned / sourced (a method-binding fact stamped by
+// the deserializer). Intermediate: produced by a node (a pooled activation).
+// The rest classify a placeholder: UserInput (caller-wired each call);
+// Parameter / ConstantTensor (frozen external data, located by
+// Value::data_key); Buffer (persistent state when data_key is set, else
+// zero-initialized at load). Mirrors the schema InputKind, plus Intermediate
+// for non-placeholder values.
+enum class ValueRole : int8_t {
+  Intermediate = 0,
+  UserInput = 1,
+  Parameter = 2,
+  Buffer = 3,
+  ConstantTensor = 4,
+};
+
+inline const char* value_role_name(ValueRole role) {
+  switch (role) {
+    case ValueRole::Intermediate:
+      return "Intermediate";
+    case ValueRole::UserInput:
+      return "UserInput";
+    case ValueRole::Parameter:
+      return "Parameter";
+    case ValueRole::Buffer:
+      return "Buffer";
+    case ValueRole::ConstantTensor:
+      return "ConstantTensor";
+  }
+  return "?";
+}
+
 // A single SSA value (dataflow edge) in a Graph: its contents plus def-use
 // wiring, a storage-alias fact, and an open attrs map.
 //
@@ -55,6 +86,12 @@ class Value {
   std::vector<NodeRef> consumer_refs;
   // Shares storage with this value (a view); fresh if invalid.
   ValueRef alias_ref = kInvalid;
+  // Storage ownership / source class, stamped by the deserializer from the
+  // Method bindings.
+  ValueRole role = ValueRole::Intermediate;
+  // External-constant key for Parameter / ConstantTensor / persistent Buffer;
+  // empty otherwise.
+  std::string data_key;
   // Scratch + planner annotations.
   std::unordered_map<std::string, std::any> attrs;
 
diff --git a/backends/native/runtime/targets.bzl b/backends/native/runtime/targets.bzl
index e6b810f845f..7b61f83f44a 100644
--- a/backends/native/runtime/targets.bzl
+++ b/backends/native/runtime/targets.bzl
@@ -57,3 +57,20 @@ def define_common_targets():
         ],
         visibility = ["PUBLIC"],
     )
+
+    # A named method: one top-level Graph plus its stateful signature bindings
+    # (data bindings + output specs). Sits at the Program level (peer to the reader),
+    # above the graph/ arena package.
+    runtime.cxx_library(
+        name = "method",
+        srcs = ["Method.cpp"],
+        exported_headers = [
+            "Method.h",
+        ],
+        exported_deps = [
+            "//executorch/backends/native/runtime/graph:graph",
+            "//executorch/backends/native/runtime/graph:ids",
+            "//executorch/backends/native/runtime/graph:value",
+        ],
+        visibility = ["//executorch/backends/native/..."],
+    )