diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index df615099..28b5afa7 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 - Speed up repeated array appends by keeping existing indexes instead of rebuilding them.
 - Speed up creating string values and keys, e.g. when building a document from Python data and dumping it: strings are escaped in one pass instead of per character, and the escape and bare-key character sets are built once.
+- Speed up deleting array items with `del`, `pop()` and `remove()`, and adding lines with `Array.add_line()`: only the affected indexes are updated instead of rebuilding them all, so emptying a long array with `pop()` or building one line by line is no longer quadratic.
 
 ### Fixed
 
diff --git a/tests/test_items.py b/tests/test_items.py
index 13853fb2..eebe2143 100644
--- a/tests/test_items.py
+++ b/tests/test_items.py
@@ -494,6 +494,23 @@ def test_array_slice_deletion_keeps_render_in_sync() -> None:
     assert a.as_string() == "[3]"
 
 
+def test_array_index_deletion_keeps_later_items_addressable() -> None:
+    doc = parse("a = [\n  # first\n  1,\n  2, # two\n  # gap\n  3,\n  4,\n  5,\n]\n")
+    a = doc["a"]
+
+    del a[1]
+    assert a.pop() == 5
+    a.remove(3)
+    a[1] = 40
+    a.insert(1, 30)
+    a.append(50)
+
+    assert a == [1, 30, 40, 50]
+    assert doc.as_string() == (
+        "a = [\n  # first\n  1,\n  # gap\n  30,\n  40,\n  50,\n]\n"
+    )
+
+
 def test_array_multiline() -> None:
     t = item([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
     t.multiline(True)
@@ -666,6 +683,19 @@ def test_array_add_line() -> None:
     )
 
 
+def test_array_add_line_keeps_items_addressable() -> None:
+    doc = parse("a = [\n    1, # one\n]\n")
+    a = doc["a"]
+    a.add_line(2, 3, comment="two")
+    a.add_line(comment="note")
+    a.add_line(4)
+    a[2] = 30
+    del a[0]
+
+    assert a == [2, 30, 4]
+    assert doc.as_string() == "a = [\n    2, 30, # two\n    # note\n    4,\n]\n"
+
+
 def test_array_add_line_single_line_comment_round_trips() -> None:
     # A single-line array whose last rendered element is a trailing comment
     # (from add_line(..., comment=...)) must keep the closing bracket off the
diff --git a/tomlkit/items.py b/tomlkit/items.py
index 4d56f564..e9dabee0 100644
--- a/tomlkit/items.py
+++ b/tomlkit/items.py
@@ -1655,13 +1655,16 @@ def add_line(
             new_values.append(
                 Comment(Trivia(indent=indent, comment=f"# {comment}", trail=""))
             )
+        length = len(self)
         list.extend(self, data_values)
+        groups = self._group_values(new_values)
+        pos = len(self._value)
         if len(self._value) > 0:
             last_item = self._value[-1]
             last_value_item = next(
                 (
                     v
-                    for v in self._value[::-1]
+                    for v in reversed(self._value)
                     if v.value is not None and not isinstance(v.value, Null)
                 ),
                 None,
@@ -1669,12 +1672,17 @@ def add_line(
             if last_value_item is not None:
                 last_value_item.comma = Whitespace(",")
             if last_item.is_whitespace():
-                self._value[-1:-1] = self._group_values(new_values)
-            else:
-                self._value.extend(self._group_values(new_values))
+                pos -= 1
+        self._value[pos:pos] = groups
+        if len(self._index_map) == length:
+            # The new groups come after every existing value, so only the
+            # new values need an index.
+            for i, group in enumerate(groups, pos):
+                if group.value is not None and not isinstance(group.value, Null):
+                    self._index_map[length] = i
+                    length += 1
         else:
-            self._value.extend(self._group_values(new_values))
-        self._reindex()
+            self._reindex()
 
     def clear(self) -> None:
         """Clear the array."""
@@ -1836,7 +1844,16 @@ def __delitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
                 # remove the comma of the last item
                 v.comma = None
 
-        self._reindex()
+        index_map = self._index_map
+        if isinstance(key, slice) or len(index_map) != length:
+            self._reindex()
+        else:
+            # A single value group was removed: the positions after it now
+            # point one group earlier. Shifting only those keeps pop() and
+            # deletes near the end of a long array from rebuilding the map.
+            for i in range(indices_to_remove[0], length - 1):
+                index_map[i] = index_map[i + 1] - 1
+            del index_map[length - 1]
 
     def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[list[Item], Trivia, bool]:
         return list(self._iter_items()), self._trivia, self._multiline