Skip to content

basicNeuroscienceDataset.md

Latest commit

 

History

History
1248 lines (1035 loc) · 39.2 KB

basicNeuroscienceDataset.md

File metadata and controls

1248 lines (1035 loc) · 39.2 KB
Raw

Creating openMINDS Metadata: A Basic Introduction

This tutorial demonstrates how to create, link, and save metadata using the openMINDS MATLAB toolbox. We will create a simplified neuroscience dataset with subjects, contributors, organizations, and experimental details.

The openMINDS (Open Metadata Initiative for Neuroscience Data Structures) provides standardized metadata models for neuroscience data. This standardization facilitates data sharing, discovery, and reuse.

Please refer to the openMINDS documentation to learn more about the available metadata types.

This tutorial covers:

Table of Contents

 1. Creating a Metadata Collection

 2. Creating Basic Metadata Instances

  2.1 Create organization instances

  2.2 Create contact information instances

  2.3 Create person and affiliation instances

 3. Creating Dataset Metadata

  3.1 Create a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

  3.2 Create a license

  3.3 Create a file repository

  3.4 Create a behavioral protocol

  3.5 Create controlled terms

  3.6 Create a custom term suggestion (for keywords that don't exist in controlled vocabularies)

  3.7 Create dataset and dataset version

 4. Creating Subject Metadata

  4.1 Create a species (strain)

  4.2 Create biological sex controlled term

  4.3 Create subject state attributes

  4.4 Create a subject

  4.5 Create another subject

  4.6 Create and add subject states for each of the subjects

  4.7 Link subjects to the dataset

 5. Adding Instances to Collection and Saving

  5.1 Add the dataset version to the collection

  5.2 Save the collection to a JSON-LD file

  5.3 Display the saved JSON-LD content

 6. Summary

1. Creating a Metadata Collection

We start by creating an empty metadata collection that will hold all our instances. A collection is a container for metadata instances.

% Create an empty metadata collection
collection = openminds.Collection(...
    "Name", "Neuroscience Dataset Example", ...
    "Description", "A tutorial dataset for learning openMINDS metadata creation");


disp(collection)
  Collection with properties:


             Name: "Neuroscience Dataset Example"
      Description: "A tutorial dataset for learning openMINDS metadata creation"
            Nodes: dictionary with unset key and value types
    MetadataStore: [0x0 openminds.internal.FileMetadataStore]

2. Creating Basic Metadata Instances

Let us create instances for researchers, their contact information, and their organizations. The examples show two common construction patterns: using name-value pairs in the constructor, and creating an empty instance before assigning properties with dot notation.

% Define a utility function for creating instance IDs
createId = @(str) lower(sprintf('_:%s', replace(str, ' ', '-')));

2.1 Create organization instances

% First approach: Using name-value pairs in the constructor
university = openminds.core.actors.Organization(...
    "id", createId("University of Neuroscience"), ...
    "name", "University of Neuroscience", ...
    "acronym", "UNS", ...
    "countryOfFormation", openminds.controlledterms.SovereignState("Germany"), ...
    "type", openminds.controlledterms.OrganizationType("legalEntity"));


% Second approach: Create empty instance and set properties
researchCenter = openminds.core.actors.Organization();
researchCenter.id = createId("Brain Research Center");
researchCenter.name = "Brain Research Center";
researchCenter.acronym = "BRC";
researchCenter.countryOfFormation = openminds.controlledterms.SovereignState("Germany");
researchCenter.type = openminds.controlledterms.OrganizationType("organizationalUnit");
researchCenter.hasParent = university;


% Display selected Organization fields:
fprintf("%s (%s)\n", university.name, university.acronym)
University of Neuroscience (UNS)

fprintf("%s (%s)\n", researchCenter.name, researchCenter.acronym)
Brain Research Center (BRC)

2.2 Create contact information instances

contactPI = openminds.core.actors.ContactInformation(...
    'id', createId('contact-pi'), ...
    'email', 'pi@neuroscience.edu');
contactPostdoc = openminds.core.actors.ContactInformation(...
    'id', createId('contact-postdoc'), ...
    'email', 'postdoc@neuroscience.edu');
disp(contactPI)
  ContactInformation (_:contact-pi) with properties:


    email: "pi@neuroscience.edu"


  Required Properties: email

disp(contactPostdoc)
  ContactInformation (_:contact-postdoc) with properties:


    email: "postdoc@neuroscience.edu"


  Required Properties: email

2.3 Create person and affiliation instances

A Person describes an individual. The affiliation is represented as a separate Affiliation instance linking that person to an organization.

% Principal Investigator
pi = openminds.core.actors.Person(...
    "id", createId("jane-doe"), ...
    "givenName", "Jane", ...
    "familyName", "Doe", ...
    "preferredName", "Jane Doe", ...
    "contactInformation", contactPI);


% Postdoc
postdoc = openminds.core.actors.Person(...
    "id", createId("john-smith"), ...
    "givenName", "John", ...
    "familyName", "Smith", ...
    "preferredName", "John Smith", ...
    "contactInformation", contactPostdoc);


% Affiliations are represented separately from the Person instances
piAffiliation = openminds.core.actors.Affiliation(...
    "person", pi, ...
    "organization", university);


postdocAffiliation = openminds.core.actors.Affiliation(...
    "person", postdoc, ...
    "organization", researchCenter);


% Display the Person metadata instances:
disp(pi)
  Person (_:jane-doe) with properties:


         alternateName: [1x0 string]
     associatedAccount: [None] (AccountInformation)
    contactInformation: pi@neuroscience.edu (ContactInformation)
     digitalIdentifier: [None] (Any of: GenericIdentifier, ORCID)
            familyName: "Doe"
             givenName: "Jane"
         preferredName: "Jane Doe"


  Required Properties: preferredName

disp(postdoc)
  Person (_:john-smith) with properties:


         alternateName: [1x0 string]
     associatedAccount: [None] (AccountInformation)
    contactInformation: postdoc@neuroscience.edu (ContactInformation)
     digitalIdentifier: [None] (Any of: GenericIdentifier, ORCID)
            familyName: "Smith"
             givenName: "John"
         preferredName: "John Smith"


  Required Properties: preferredName

3. Creating Dataset Metadata

Next we create metadata for the dataset and for one concrete dataset version. Contributor roles are represented with Contribution instances. Contributor affiliations are represented separately with Affiliation instances that link people to organizations.

3.1 Create a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

doi = openminds.core.digitalidentifier.DOI(...
    'id', createId('dataset-doi'), ...
    'identifier', 'https://doi.org/10.1234/example.2023.001');

3.2 Create a license

A License describes the conditions under which the dataset version can be reused. For this example, we create a small license instance directly.

% Create a license manually for this example:
license = openminds.core.data.License(...
    "id", createId("cc-by-4"), ...
    "fullName", "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International", ...
    "shortName", "CC-BY-4.0", ...
    "legalCode", "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode", ...
    "webpage", "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0");


disp(license)
  License (_:cc-by-4) with properties:


     fullName: "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"
    legalCode: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
    shortName: "CC-BY-4.0"
      webpage: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"


  Required Properties: fullName, legalCode, shortName

% The variable "license" now holds the reusable License instance.

3.3 Create a file repository

Note: This is only relevant if data is stored in external repository. If a dataset is submitted via EBRAINS, the file repository is created and added as part of the curation process

repository = openminds.core.data.FileRepository(...
    'id', createId('dataset-repository'), ...
    'IRI', 'https://example-repository.org/datasets/123', ...
    'name', 'Example Dataset Repository', ...
    'hostedBy', university);

3.4 Create a behavioral protocol

protocol = openminds.core.research.BehavioralProtocol(...
    'id', createId('visual-task-protocol'), ...
    'name', 'Visual Go/NoGo Task', ...
    'description', ['Mice were trained to discriminate visual stimuli. ', ...
    'Each stimulus was associated with a specific outcome (reward, nothing, or punishment).']);

3.5 Create controlled terms

Controlled terms are metadata types with a corresponding terminology developed by the Open Metadata Initiative, available here: https://github.com/openMetadataInitiative/openMINDS_instances

To see a list of available instances, use the listInstances.

Note: ControlledTerm types accept the instance names as an input to the class constructor directly (See below for examples).

openminds.controlledterms.PreparationType.listInstances()
ans = 6x1 string
"exVivo"    
"inSilico"  
"inSitu"    
"inUtero"   
"inVitro"   
"inVivo"    



% These are predefined terms from controlled vocabularies
preparationType = openminds.controlledterms.PreparationType("inVivo");


dataType = openminds.controlledterms.SemanticDataType("experimentalData");


experimentalApproach1 = openminds.controlledterms.ExperimentalApproach("behavior");
experimentalApproach2 = openminds.controlledterms.ExperimentalApproach("electrophysiology");


technique = openminds.controlledterms.Technique("extracellularElectrophysiology");


ethicsJurisdiction = openminds.controlledterms.SovereignState("Germany");


accessibility = openminds.core.miscellaneous.Accessibility(...
    "channel", openminds.controlledterms.AccessChannel("virtualAccess"), ...
    "eligibility", openminds.controlledterms.AccessEligibilityType("openAccess"), ...
    "form", openminds.controlledterms.AccessForm("directAccess"), ...
    "paymentModel", openminds.controlledterms.PaymentModelType("zero-costPaymentModel"), ...
    "process", openminds.controlledterms.AccessProcessType("immediateAccess"));


contributionTypeAuthor = openminds.controlledterms.ContributionType("authoring");
contributionTypeCustodian = openminds.controlledterms.ContributionType("custodianship");

3.6 Create a custom term suggestion (for keywords that don't exist in controlled vocabularies)

customKeyword = openminds.controlledterms.TermSuggestion(...
    'id', createId('custom-brain-region'), ...
    'name', 'visual cortex');

3.7 Create dataset and dataset version

The Dataset instance stores version-independent metadata. The DatasetVersion instance stores metadata for this specific release, including accessibility, release date, protocols, studied specimens, and version-specific documentation.

documentation = openminds.core.miscellaneous.WebResource(...
    "id", createId("dataset-documentation"), ...
    "IRI", "https://example-repository.org/datasets/123/documentation");


authorContribution = openminds.core.actors.Contribution(...
    "contributor", [pi, postdoc], ...
    "type", contributionTypeAuthor);


custodianContribution = openminds.core.actors.Contribution(...
    "contributor", pi, ...
    "type", contributionTypeCustodian);


contributions = [authorContribution, custodianContribution];
contributorAffiliations = [piAffiliation, postdocAffiliation];


dataset = openminds.core.products.Dataset(...
    "id", createId("example-dataset"), ...
    "fullName", "Neural activity during visual discrimination task", ...
    "shortName", "Visual Task Dataset", ...
    "description", "This dataset contains neural recordings from mice " + ...
    "performing a visual discrimination task.", ...
    "contribution", contributions, ...
    "contributorAffiliation", contributorAffiliations);


datasetVersion = openminds.core.products.DatasetVersion(...
    "id", createId("example-dataset-v1"), ...
    "fullName", "Neural activity during visual discrimination task", ...
    "shortName", "Visual Task Dataset", ...
    "versionIdentifier", "v1", ...
    "accessibility", accessibility, ...
    "contribution", contributions, ...
    "contributorAffiliation", contributorAffiliations, ...
    "description", "This dataset contains neural recordings from mice " + ...
    "performing a visual discrimination task.", ...
    "digitalIdentifier", doi, ...
    "documentation", documentation, ...
    "ethicsJurisdiction", ethicsJurisdiction, ...
    "experimentalApproach", [experimentalApproach1, experimentalApproach2], ...
    "usageCondition", license, ...
    "preparationType", preparationType, ...
    "repository", repository, ...
    "dataType", dataType, ...
    "technique", technique, ...
    "protocol", protocol, ...
    "keyword", customKeyword, ...
    "isVersionOf", dataset, ...
    "releaseDate", datetime(2023, 1, 1), ...
    "versionSpecification", "This is the first version of this dataset.");


fprintf("Created dataset version: %s (%s)\n", ...
    datasetVersion.fullName, datasetVersion.versionIdentifier)
Created dataset version: Neural activity during visual discrimination task (v1)

4. Creating Subject Metadata

Next we create subjects and their states, then link the studied specimens to the dataset version.

4.1 Create a species (strain)

strain = openminds.core.research.Strain(...
    'id', createId('c57bl6j-strain'), ...
    'name', 'C57BL/6J', ...
    'species', openminds.controlledterms.Species('musMusculus'));

4.2 Create biological sex controlled term

biologicalSex = openminds.controlledterms.BiologicalSex('male');

4.3 Create subject state attributes

subjectAttribute1 = openminds.controlledterms.SubjectAttribute('alive');
subjectAttribute2 = openminds.controlledterms.SubjectAttribute('awake');


ageCategory = openminds.controlledterms.AgeCategory('adult');

4.4 Create a subject

subject1 = openminds.core.research.Subject(...
    'id', createId('subject1'), ...
    'lookupLabel', 'Subject1', ...
    'biologicalSex', biologicalSex, ...
    'species', strain, ...
    'internalIdentifier', 'S1');

4.5 Create another subject

subject2 = openminds.core.research.Subject(...
    'id', createId('subject2'), ...
    'lookupLabel', 'Subject2', ...
    'biologicalSex', biologicalSex, ...
    'species', strain, ...
    'internalIdentifier', 'S2');

4.6 Create and add subject states for each of the subjects

subjectState1 = openminds.core.research.SubjectState(...
    'id', createId('subject1-state'), ...
    'lookupLabel', 'Subject1-state', ...
    'ageCategory', ageCategory, ...
    'attribute', [subjectAttribute1, subjectAttribute2], ...
    'internalIdentifier', 'Subject1-state-01');
subject1.studiedState = subjectState1;


subjectState2 = openminds.core.research.SubjectState(...
    'id', createId('subject2-state'), ...
    'lookupLabel', 'Subject2-state', ...
    'ageCategory', "adolescent", ...
    'attribute', [subjectAttribute1, subjectAttribute2], ...
    'internalIdentifier', 'Subject2-state-01');
subject2.studiedState = subjectState2;


% Display the Subject metadata
disp(subject1);
  Subject (_:subject1) with properties:


         biologicalSex: male (BiologicalSex)
    internalIdentifier: "S1"
              isPartOf: [None] (SubjectGroup)
           lookupLabel: "Subject1"
               species: C57BL/6J (Strain)
          studiedState: Subject1-state (SubjectState)


  Required Properties: species, studiedState

disp(subject2);
  Subject (_:subject2) with properties:


         biologicalSex: male (BiologicalSex)
    internalIdentifier: "S2"
              isPartOf: [None] (SubjectGroup)
           lookupLabel: "Subject2"
               species: C57BL/6J (Strain)
          studiedState: Subject2-state (SubjectState)


  Required Properties: species, studiedState

4.7 Link subjects to the dataset

datasetVersion.studiedSpecimen = [subject1, subject2];


% Display a short confirmation for the updated dataset version:
fprintf("Dataset version now links to %d studied specimens.\n", ...
    numel(datasetVersion.studiedSpecimen))
Dataset version now links to 2 studied specimens.

5. Adding Instances to Collection and Saving

Finally, we add the dataset version to the collection and save the detected metadata graph to a file.

5.1 Add the dataset version to the collection

% Note: The collection will automatically include all linked instances
collection.add(datasetVersion);


disp(collection);
  Collection with properties:


             Name: "Neuroscience Dataset Example"
      Description: "A tutorial dataset for learning openMINDS metadata creation"
            Nodes: dictionary (string --> cell) with 41 entries
    MetadataStore: [0x0 openminds.internal.FileMetadataStore]

5.2 Save the collection to a JSON-LD file

% Define the save path (in the current directory)
savePath = fullfile(pwd, 'example_metadata.jsonld');
collection.save(savePath);


disp(['Saved metadata to: ', savePath]);
Saved metadata to: /home/runner/work/openMINDS_MATLAB/openMINDS_MATLAB/code/livescripts/example_metadata.jsonld

5.3 Display the saved JSON-LD content

jsonContent = fileread(savePath);
disp(jsonContent);
{
  "@context": {
    "@vocab": "https://openminds.om-i.org/props/"
  },
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@id": "_:brain-research-center",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Organization",
      "acronym": "BRC",
      "countryOfFormation": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/SovereignState/Germany"
      },
      "hasParent": [
        {
          "@id": "_:university-of-neuroscience"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Brain Research Center",
      "type": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/organizationType/organizationalUnit"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:c57bl6j-strain",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Strain",
      "name": "C57BL/6J",
      "species": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/species/musMusculus"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:cc-by-4",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/License",
      "fullName": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
      "legalCode": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode",
      "shortName": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "webpage": [
        "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:contact-pi",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/ContactInformation",
      "email": [
        "pi@neuroscience.edu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:contact-postdoc",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/ContactInformation",
      "email": [
        "postdoc@neuroscience.edu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:custom-brain-region",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/TermSuggestion",
      "name": "visual cortex"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:dataset-documentation",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/WebResource",
      "IRI": "https://example-repository.org/datasets/123/documentation"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:dataset-doi",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/DOI",
      "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.1234/example.2023.001"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:dataset-repository",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/FileRepository",
      "IRI": "https://example-repository.org/datasets/123",
      "hostedBy": {
        "@id": "_:university-of-neuroscience"
      },
      "name": "Example Dataset Repository"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:example-dataset",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Dataset",
      "contribution": [
        {
          "contributor": [
            {
              "@id": "_:jane-doe"
            },
            {
              "@id": "_:john-smith"
            }
          ],
          "type": {
            "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/contributionType/authoring"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Contribution"
        },
        {
          "contributor": [
            {
              "@id": "_:jane-doe"
            }
          ],
          "type": {
            "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/contributionType/custodianship"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Contribution"
        }
      ],
      "contributorAffiliation": [
        {
          "organization": [
            {
              "@id": "_:university-of-neuroscience"
            }
          ],
          "person": {
            "@id": "_:jane-doe"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Affiliation"
        },
        {
          "organization": [
            {
              "@id": "_:brain-research-center"
            }
          ],
          "person": {
            "@id": "_:john-smith"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Affiliation"
        }
      ],
      "description": "This dataset contains neural recordings from mice performing a visual discrimination task.",
      "fullName": "Neural activity during visual discrimination task",
      "shortName": "Visual Task Dataset"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:example-dataset-v1",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/DatasetVersion",
      "accessibility": {
        "@id": "_:1"
      },
      "contribution": [
        {
          "contributor": [
            {
              "@id": "_:jane-doe"
            },
            {
              "@id": "_:john-smith"
            }
          ],
          "type": {
            "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/contributionType/authoring"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Contribution"
        },
        {
          "contributor": [
            {
              "@id": "_:jane-doe"
            }
          ],
          "type": {
            "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/contributionType/custodianship"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Contribution"
        }
      ],
      "contributorAffiliation": [
        {
          "organization": [
            {
              "@id": "_:university-of-neuroscience"
            }
          ],
          "person": {
            "@id": "_:jane-doe"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Affiliation"
        },
        {
          "organization": [
            {
              "@id": "_:brain-research-center"
            }
          ],
          "person": {
            "@id": "_:john-smith"
          },
          "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Affiliation"
        }
      ],
      "dataType": [
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/semanticDataType/experimentalData"
        }
      ],
      "description": "This dataset contains neural recordings from mice performing a visual discrimination task.",
      "digitalIdentifier": {
        "@id": "_:dataset-doi"
      },
      "documentation": {
        "@id": "_:dataset-documentation"
      },
      "ethicsJurisdiction": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/SovereignState/Germany"
      },
      "experimentalApproach": [
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/experimentalApproach/behavior"
        },
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/experimentalApproach/electrophysiology"
        }
      ],
      "fullName": "Neural activity during visual discrimination task",
      "isVersionOf": {
        "@id": "_:example-dataset"
      },
      "keyword": [
        {
          "@id": "_:custom-brain-region"
        }
      ],
      "preparationType": [
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/preparationType/inVivo"
        }
      ],
      "protocol": [
        {
          "@id": "_:visual-task-protocol"
        }
      ],
      "releaseDate": "2023-01-01",
      "repository": {
        "@id": "_:dataset-repository"
      },
      "shortName": "Visual Task Dataset",
      "studiedSpecimen": [
        {
          "@id": "_:subject1"
        },
        {
          "@id": "_:subject2"
        }
      ],
      "technique": [
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/extracellularElectrophysiology"
        }
      ],
      "usageCondition": [
        {
          "@id": "_:cc-by-4"
        }
      ],
      "versionIdentifier": "v1",
      "versionSpecification": "This is the first version of this dataset."
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:1",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Accessibility",
      "channel": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessChannel/virtualAccess"
      },
      "eligibility": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessEligibilityType/openAccess"
      },
      "form": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessForm/directAccess"
      },
      "paymentModel": [
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/paymentModelType/zero-costPaymentModel"
        }
      ],
      "process": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessProcessType/immediateAccess"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:jane-doe",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Person",
      "contactInformation": {
        "@id": "_:contact-pi"
      },
      "familyName": "Doe",
      "givenName": "Jane",
      "preferredName": "Jane Doe"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:john-smith",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Person",
      "contactInformation": {
        "@id": "_:contact-postdoc"
      },
      "familyName": "Smith",
      "givenName": "John",
      "preferredName": "John Smith"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:subject1",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Subject",
      "biologicalSex": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/biologicalSex/male"
      },
      "internalIdentifier": "S1",
      "lookupLabel": "Subject1",
      "species": {
        "@id": "_:c57bl6j-strain"
      },
      "studiedState": [
        {
          "@id": "_:subject1-state"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:subject1-state",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/SubjectState",
      "ageCategory": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/ageCategory/adult"
      },
      "attribute": [
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/subjectAttribute/alive"
        },
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/subjectAttribute/awake"
        }
      ],
      "internalIdentifier": "Subject1-state-01",
      "lookupLabel": "Subject1-state"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:subject2",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Subject",
      "biologicalSex": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/biologicalSex/male"
      },
      "internalIdentifier": "S2",
      "lookupLabel": "Subject2",
      "species": {
        "@id": "_:c57bl6j-strain"
      },
      "studiedState": [
        {
          "@id": "_:subject2-state"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:subject2-state",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/SubjectState",
      "ageCategory": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/ageCategory/adolescent"
      },
      "attribute": [
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/subjectAttribute/alive"
        },
        {
          "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/subjectAttribute/awake"
        }
      ],
      "internalIdentifier": "Subject2-state-01",
      "lookupLabel": "Subject2-state"
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:university-of-neuroscience",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Organization",
      "acronym": "UNS",
      "countryOfFormation": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/SovereignState/Germany"
      },
      "name": "University of Neuroscience",
      "type": {
        "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/organizationType/legalEntity"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "_:visual-task-protocol",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/BehavioralProtocol",
      "description": "Mice were trained to discriminate visual stimuli. Each stimulus was associated with a specific outcome (reward, nothing, or punishment).",
      "name": "Visual Go/NoGo Task"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/SovereignState/Germany",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/SovereignState",
      "definition": "Country in Central Europe. [auto-generated from 'schema:description' property of the [Wikidata entity](http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q183)]",
      "name": "Germany",
      "preferredCrossReference": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q183",
      "synonym": [
        "BR Deutschland",
        "BRD",
        "Bundesrepublik Deutschland",
        "DE",
        "de",
        "DEU",
        "Deutschland",
        "Federal Republic of Germany",
        "GER"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessChannel/virtualAccess",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/AccessChannel",
      "definition": "Refers to the ability of users to connect to, interact with, and utilize resources, systems, or other individuals remotely via digital interfaces.",
      "name": "virtual access",
      "synonym": [
        "digital access",
        "online access"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessEligibilityType/openAccess",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/AccessEligibilityType",
      "definition": "Access without prior registration, authentication, or authorisation.",
      "name": "open access"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessForm/directAccess",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/AccessForm",
      "definition": "Users interact directly with the product or service through integrated interfaces, or authorised environments.",
      "name": "direct access"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/accessProcessType/immediateAccess",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/AccessProcessType",
      "definition": "Automatic access upon acceptance of the applicable terms.",
      "name": "immediate access"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/ageCategory/adolescent",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/AgeCategory",
      "definition": "Life cycle stage of a subject loosely defined by the transitional growth and development between childhood and adulthood, often described as 'puberty'.",
      "name": "adolescent",
      "synonym": [
        "puberty"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/ageCategory/adult",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/AgeCategory",
      "definition": "Life cycle stage of a subject that starts with sexual maturity and ends with death.",
      "name": "adult",
      "otherOntologyIdentifier": [
        "http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0729043"
      ],
      "preferredOntologyIdentifier": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000113",
      "synonym": [
        "adult stage",
        "post-juvenile adult",
        "post-juvenile adult stage"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/biologicalSex/male",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/BiologicalSex",
      "definition": "Biological sex that produces sperm cells (spermatozoa).",
      "description": "A male organism typically has the capacity to produce relatively small, usually mobile gametes (reproductive cells), called sperm cells (or spermatozoa). In the process of fertilization, these sperm cells fuse with a larger, usually immobile female gamete, called egg cell (or ovum).",
      "name": "male",
      "otherOntologyIdentifier": [
        "http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0106489"
      ],
      "preferredOntologyIdentifier": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000384"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/contributionType/authoring",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/ContributionType",
      "definition": "A contribution type of a role-bearing entity realized by creating textual, visual, or other expressive intellectual content about or for a target entity.",
      "name": "authoring"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/contributionType/custodianship",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/ContributionType",
      "definition": "A contribution type of a role-bearing entity realized by assuming responsibility for the long-term stewardship and oversight of a target entity.",
      "name": "custodianship"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/experimentalApproach/behavior",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/ExperimentalApproach",
      "definition": "Any experimental approach focused on the mechanical activity or cognitive processes underlying mechanical activity of living organisms often in response to external sensory stimuli.",
      "name": "behavior",
      "otherOntologyIdentifier": [
        "http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/modality/Behavior"
      ],
      "preferredOntologyIdentifier": "http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0739413",
      "synonym": [
        "behavioral approach"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/experimentalApproach/electrophysiology",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/ExperimentalApproach",
      "definition": "Any experimental approach focused on electrical phenomena associated with living systems, most notably the nervous system, cardiac system, and musculoskeletal system.",
      "name": "electrophysiology",
      "otherOntologyIdentifier": [
        "http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/readable/modality/Electrophysiology"
      ],
      "preferredOntologyIdentifier": "http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0741202"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/organizationType/legalEntity",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/OrganizationType",
      "definition": "An organization classified as a type of legal entity recognized within a specific legal system.",
      "name": "legal entity",
      "preferredCrossReference": "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q10541491"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/organizationType/organizationalUnit",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/OrganizationType",
      "definition": "A distinct unit within a larger organization.",
      "name": "organizational unit"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/paymentModelType/zero-costPaymentModel",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/PaymentModelType",
      "definition": "No payment is required for any billable units (entitlement, consumption, event, monetary value, outcome, or capacity units).",
      "name": "zero-cost payment model"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/preparationType/inVivo",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/PreparationType",
      "definition": "Something happening or existing inside a living body.",
      "name": "in vivo",
      "otherOntologyIdentifier": [
        "http://uri.interlex.org/tgbugs/uris/indexes/ontologies/methods/89"
      ],
      "preferredOntologyIdentifier": "http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0739622",
      "synonym": [
        "in vivo technique"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/semanticDataType/experimentalData",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/SemanticDataType",
      "name": "experimental data"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/species/musMusculus",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Species",
      "definition": "The species *Mus musculus* (house mouse) belongs to the family of *muridae* (murids).",
      "name": "Mus musculus",
      "otherOntologyIdentifier": [
        "http://uri.interlex.org/base/ilx_0107134"
      ],
      "preferredCrossReference": "https://knowledge-space.org/wiki/NCBITaxon:10090#mouse",
      "preferredOntologyIdentifier": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10090",
      "synonym": [
        "house mouse",
        "mouse"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/subjectAttribute/alive",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/SubjectAttribute",
      "definition": "An organism that is not dead.",
      "name": "alive"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/subjectAttribute/awake",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/SubjectAttribute",
      "definition": "A temporary state of an organism in which it is fully alert and aware.",
      "name": "awake"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://openminds.om-i.org/instances/technique/extracellularElectrophysiology",
      "@type": "https://openminds.om-i.org/types/Technique",
      "definition": "In 'extracellular electrophysiology' electrodes are inserted into living tissue, but remain outside the cells in the extracellular environment to measure or stimulate electrical activity coming from adjacent cells, usually neurons.",
      "name": "extracellular electrophysiology"
    }
  ]
}

6. Summary

In this tutorial, we've learned how to:

  1. Create a metadata collection
  2. Create various metadata instances (people, organizations, etc.)
  3. Link people, organizations, contributions, affiliations, and dataset metadata
  4. Use controlled terms from predefined vocabularies
  5. Create custom term suggestions
  6. Add instances to a collection
  7. Save the collection to a JSON-LD file

This provides a foundation for creating more complex metadata for neuroscience datasets using the openMINDS MATLAB toolbox.