diff --git a/.github/workflows/sbom-vulnerability-scan.yml b/.github/workflows/sbom-vulnerability-scan.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..687ffd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/sbom-vulnerability-scan.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+name: SBOM Vulnerability Scan
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      fetch_depth:
+        description: "Number of commits to fetch. Use 0 to fetch the full history and tags."
+        required: false
+        type: number
+        default: 1
+
+      dockerfile:
+        description: "Path to the Dockerfile"
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+      requirements:
+        description: "Path to the requirements.txt file"
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+      pyproject:
+        description: "Path to the pyproject.toml file"
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+      fail-build:
+        description: "Fail the workflow when vulnerabilities above the severity cutoff are found"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+
+jobs:
+  sbom-vulnerability-scan:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Validate inputs
+        run: |
+          count=0
+
+          [ -n "${{ inputs.dockerfile }}" ] && count=$((count + 1))
+          [ -n "${{ inputs.requirements }}" ] && count=$((count + 1))
+          [ -n "${{ inputs.pyproject }}" ] && count=$((count + 1))
+
+          if [ "$count" -ne 1 ]; then
+            echo "Provide exactly one of: dockerfile, requirements, or pyproject."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Checkout the code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.fetch_depth }}
+
+      # Docker
+      - name: Build the Docker image
+        if: inputs.dockerfile != ''
+        run: docker build . --file "${{ inputs.dockerfile }}" --tag localbuild/testimage:latest
+
+      - name: Generate SBOM from Docker image
+        if: inputs.dockerfile != ''
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@e22c389904149dbc22b58101806040fa8d37a610 # v0.24.0
+        with:
+          image: localbuild/testimage:latest
+          artifact-name: docker.cyclonedx.json
+          output-file: docker.cyclonedx.json
+          format: cyclonedx-json
+
+      - name: Scan Docker SBOM for vulnerabilities
+        if: inputs.dockerfile != ''
+        id: docker-vulnerability-scan
+        uses: anchore/scan-action@e1165082ffb1fe366ebaf02d8526e7c4989ea9d2
+        with:
+          sbom: docker.cyclonedx.json
+          fail-build: ${{ inputs.fail-build }}
+          output-format: sarif
+
+      - name: Upload Docker vulnerability results to GitHub Security
+        if: inputs.dockerfile != ''
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@24ea975727876cf496b1eb0c5b36e96e01600b51 # v4.37.0
+        with:
+          sarif_file: ${{ steps.docker-vulnerability-scan.outputs.sarif }}
+          category: grype-docker
+
+      # Python
+      - name: Create Python environment from requirements
+        if: inputs.requirements != ''
+        run: |
+          python -m venv .venv
+          .venv/bin/pip install -r "${{ inputs.requirements }}"
+
+      - name: Create Python environment from pyproject
+        if: inputs.pyproject != ''
+        run: |
+          python -m venv .venv
+          .venv/bin/pip install .
+
+      - name: Generate SBOM from Python environment
+        if: inputs.requirements != '' || inputs.pyproject != ''
+        uses: anchore/sbom-action@e22c389904149dbc22b58101806040fa8d37a610 # v0.24.0
+        with:
+          path: .venv
+          artifact-name: python.cyclonedx.json
+          output-file: python.cyclonedx.json
+          format: cyclonedx-json
+
+      - name: Scan Python environment for vulnerabilities
+        if: inputs.requirements != '' || inputs.pyproject != ''
+        id: python-vulnerability-scan
+        uses: anchore/scan-action@e1165082ffb1fe366ebaf02d8526e7c4989ea9d2
+        with:
+          # Scan the .venv directly instead of the generated SBOM because
+          # the SBOM scan produced empty SARIF artifact locations, while
+          # the direct .venv scan provides valid locations for GitHub Code Scanning.
+          path: .venv
+          fail-build: ${{ inputs.fail-build }}
+          output-format: sarif
+
+      - name: Upload Python vulnerability results to GitHub Security
+        if: inputs.requirements != '' || inputs.pyproject != ''
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@24ea975727876cf496b1eb0c5b36e96e01600b51 # v4.37.0
+        with:
+          sarif_file: ${{ steps.python-vulnerability-scan.outputs.sarif }}
+          category: grype-python
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index deaa8ce..fa893ef 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -172,6 +172,61 @@ jobs:
     secrets:
       PYPI_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
 ```
+## SBOM Vulnerability Scan
+
+The SBOM vulnerability scan workflow generates a CycloneDX SBOM and scans
+dependencies for known vulnerabilities with Grype. The workflow can be used
+with a Dockerfile, a `requirements.txt` file, or a `pyproject.toml` file.
+
+For Docker-based projects, Grype scans the SBOM generated from the Docker image.
+For Python projects, a virtual environment is created from either
+`requirements.txt` or `pyproject.toml`. Grype scans the virtual environment
+directly because this provides valid SARIF artifact locations for GitHub Code
+Scanning.
+
+The vulnerability results are uploaded to GitHub Code Scanning.
+
+You can use it e.g. like this:
+
+```yaml
+name: SBOM Vulnerability Scan
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+jobs:
+  sbom-scan:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    uses: mundialis/github-workflows/.github/workflows/sbom-vulnerability-scan.yml@main
+    with:
+      dockerfile: docker/actinia-core-alpine/Dockerfile
+      # requirements: requirements.txt
+      # pyproject: pyproject.toml
+```
+
+Provide exactly one of the following inputs:
+
+- `dockerfile`: Path to the Dockerfile.
+- `requirements`: Path to the requirements.txt file.
+- `pyproject`: Path to the pyproject.toml file.
+
+The calling job requires the following permissions:
+
+- `contents: read` to check out the repository.
+- `security-events: write` to upload the vulnerability results to GitHub Code Scanning.
+
+Optional inputs:
+- `fetch_depth`: Number of commits to fetch during checkout. Use `0` to fetch the full history and tags. Default: `1`.
+- `fail-build`: Set to `true` if the workflow should fail when vulnerabilities above the severity 
+cutoff are found.  Default: `false`.
+
+The generated Docker or Python SBOM is uploaded as a workflow artifact.
+
+The vulnerability results are available under **Security and quality** → **Code scanning**.
 
 # pre-commit