diff --git a/.github/workflows/desktop.yml b/.github/workflows/desktop.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bfd362b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/desktop.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Hack desktop app (HACK-2214): unsupported preview.
+# Separate from the default gates and the release workflow, and not a
+# required check. Linux and macOS builds of the app plus the `core` tests.
+# The toolchain comes from apps/desktop/rust-toolchain.toml (1.98.1; macOS
+# needs it), not from the repo root pin.
+name: Desktop app
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "apps/desktop/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/desktop.yml"
+  push:
+    branches: [next]
+    paths:
+      - "apps/desktop/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/desktop.yml"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: desktop-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  linux:
+    name: Desktop app (Linux build, core tests)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 40
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: apps/desktop
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install GPUI build dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+            clang libfontconfig-dev libwayland-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev \
+            libx11-xcb-dev libssl-dev libzstd-dev libvulkan-dev pkg-config
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.98.1
+        with:
+          components: rustfmt, clippy
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cargo/registry
+            ~/.cargo/git
+            apps/desktop/target
+          key: desktop-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/Cargo.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: desktop-${{ runner.os }}-
+      - name: Format
+        run: cargo fmt --all --check
+      - name: Core tests (no daemon, no Docker)
+        env:
+          HACK_DAEMON_AUTOSTART_DISABLE: "1"
+        run: cargo test --locked -p hack-desktop-core
+      # Both: the screenshots feature turns on gpui test-support, which can
+      # hide test-only APIs from a build that only uses that feature.
+      - name: Clippy (default features)
+        run: cargo clippy --locked --all-targets -- -D warnings
+      - name: Clippy (screenshots feature)
+        run: cargo clippy --locked --all-targets --features hack-desktop/screenshots -- -D warnings
+      - name: Build app
+        run: cargo build --locked -p hack-desktop
+
+  macos:
+    name: Desktop app (macOS build, core tests)
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 40
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: apps/desktop
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@1.98.1
+        with:
+          components: clippy
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/.cargo/registry
+            ~/.cargo/git
+            apps/desktop/target
+          key: desktop-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('apps/desktop/Cargo.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: desktop-${{ runner.os }}-
+      - name: Core tests (no daemon, no Docker)
+        env:
+          HACK_DAEMON_AUTOSTART_DISABLE: "1"
+        run: cargo test --locked -p hack-desktop-core
+      - name: Clippy (default features)
+        run: cargo clippy --locked --all-targets -- -D warnings
+      - name: Build app
+        run: cargo build --locked -p hack-desktop
diff --git a/apps/desktop/.gitignore b/apps/desktop/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b5cf404cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/target/
+/screenshots/out/
diff --git a/apps/desktop/Cargo.lock b/apps/desktop/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7074abb5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,9222 @@
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef2672456ba1cb54b5eaec136e63135b3c7495fb938e53b28a62e633496d486d"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.10",
+ "zvariant_utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zvariant_utils"
+version = "4.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bad0294361a320b694a328460dc73add56c306150f5cb6bfafc44446120008a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "serde",
+ "syn 3.0.10",
+ "winnow 1.0.5",
+]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/Cargo.toml b/apps/desktop/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..662da4c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Separate workspace for the Hack desktop app (HACK-2214). It has its own
+# lockfile and target directory so it never changes the build, lockfile or
+# release of packages/runtime-core or packages/config-compiler.
+[workspace]
+resolver = "3"
+members = ["core", "app"]
+
+[workspace.package]
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2024"
+rust-version = "1.98.1"
+license = "MIT"
+publish = false
+
+[workspace.dependencies]
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+gpui-kit = { version = "=0.9.1" }
+hack-desktop-core = { path = "core" }
+
+[profile.release]
+strip = true
+lto = "thin"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/DESIGN.md b/apps/desktop/DESIGN.md
index 5d1e14eff..1f499e2e6 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/DESIGN.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/DESIGN.md
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ detail pane, status bar. Light and dark follow the system
 | Loading | First read in flight | Three skeleton rows | none |
 | Loaded | `projects[]` non-empty | Groups Running / Stopped; dot per row (green running, amber degraded, grey stopped, red failed or needs attention, grey "?" unknown); "always on" mark | Select row |
 | Empty | Registry has no projects | "No projects yet" + `cd your-repo && hack init` | Copy command, open docs |
-| Daemon not running | `/v1/status` unreachable | List loads through the CLI; banner "hackd is off: status refreshes slowly" | Start hackd |
-| Daemon other version | `/v1/status.version` ≠ CLI version | CLI fallback; banner "hackd vX, CLI vY" | Restart hackd |
+| Daemon not running | `/v1/status` unreachable | Unknown; last good list kept stale. Fallback needs R18: today's CLI listing writes the registry. Retry every 10 s. | Start hackd |
+| Daemon other version | `/v1/status.version` ≠ CLI version | Unknown; fallback needs R18. Last good list kept stale. Retry every 10 s. | Restart hackd |
 | Docker not reachable | `runtime_ok: false` (Docker observation only) | Compose rows keep names, dots "?"; native rows keep their own state from native `ps`; banner with `runtime_error` | Open Docker help |
 | CLI missing or too old | `hack` not on PATH, or outside the supported range | Full-pane card instead of the list; status bar shows no engine/hackd state | Copy install command |
 | Error | CLI exit ≠ 0 or bad JSON | Banner with `code` and `message`; last good list kept, marked stale with its age | Retry, copy error |
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Header: name, state pill (+ uptime when known), backend pill, URL, buttons,
 | Starting | this app's `up` in flight, or native `pending` | blue "Starting…" | none (no cancel in v0) |
 | Running | every defined service has a running container | green "Running · 2 hours" (from Docker status text) | Open, Restart, Stop |
 | Running, some exited (0) | the rest run; some exited 0 and their completion role is unknown | green "Running · migrate exited (0)" with tooltip "completion role unknown" | Open, Restart, Stop |
-| Degraded | some running; a long-running service down, exited ≠ 0, or `(unhealthy)` | amber "Degraded · worker down" | Open, Restart, Stop |
+| Degraded | some running; a service with a container that is down, exited ≠ 0, or `(unhealthy)`. A defined service with no container is not counted: it may be in an inactive Compose profile (expected services need R2) | amber "Degraded · worker down" | Open, Restart, Stop |
 | Stopping | this app's `down` in flight | grey "Stopping…" | none |
 | Failed start | last `up` reported `services.failed`, or nothing runs and a service exited ≠ 0 | red "Failed to start: api, worker" | Start (retry), Stop, logs filtered to those services |
 | Needs attention | always-on gave up (R12b), `status: missing`, or an `input_diagnostic` that is not the native one | red "Needs attention" + one line why | the one fix |
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ Fields and commands needed from the CLI side:
 ## 7. Data contract
 
 Polling stops while the window is hidden. Every CLI call has a timeout and is
-killed with its process group on expiry; a timeout makes the screen Unknown.
+stopped on expiry: SIGTERM to its process group (the CLI forwards it to the subprocesses it owns), then SIGKILL after 15 s; a timeout makes the screen Unknown.
 
 Exit codes: a valid JSON payload is parsed even when the exit code is not 0,
 because the unhealthy states live there.
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ because the unhealthy states live there.
 
 | Screen | Reads | How often | Timeout |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| Sidebar, header | `GET /v1/projects` if `/v1/status.version` matches the CLI, else `hack projects --json --no-daemon`; native rows add `HACK_RUNTIME_BACKEND=native hack ps --json --path` | 2 s with hackd, 10 s without; and after every action | 3 s / 15 s |
+| Sidebar, header | `GET /v1/projects` if `/v1/status.version` matches the CLI; otherwise Unknown until R18 provides observe-only CLI listing. Native rows add `HACK_RUNTIME_BACKEND=native hack ps --json --path` | 2 s with hackd, 10 s without; and after every action | 3 s / 15 s |
 | Services CPU/memory | `hack usage --json --details` (until R3) | 5 s while visible | 10 s |
 | Logs | `hack logs --json --path <root> [<service>] --tail 500` (one long-running child) | stream | killed on tab change |
 | Env | `hack env list --json --path <root>` | on tab open, after env actions | 10 s |
@@ -306,9 +306,9 @@ because the unhealthy states live there.
 | Doctor, onboarding | `hack doctor --json` (per project and once outside), `hack daemon status --json` | on open; every 10 min | 60 s |
 | Daemon | `GET /v1/status` | 10 s | 1 s |
 | Upgrades | R14 daily; `hack upgrade check --json` on Review | daily / on demand | 30 s / 60 s |
-| Actions | `hack up -d --json`, `down --json`, `restart --json`, `open --json`, `daemon start\|restart\|install` (exit code), `autostart …` | on click | 10 min for `up`, 2 min others |
+| Actions | `hack up -d --json`, `down --json`, `restart --json`, `open --json`, `daemon start\|restart\|install` (exit code), `autostart …` | on click | `up`/`down`/`restart`: none; the app waits for the CLI, which owns their timeouts (after 6 h it only shows a warning), 2 min others |
 
-The 23 numbered requests (R1–R17) this design needs from the CLI and daemon are in
+The 24 numbered requests (R1–R18) this design needs from the CLI and daemon are in
 [Appendix C](#appendix-c-requests-to-the-cli-and-daemon).
 
 ## 8. Scope
@@ -390,3 +390,4 @@ Each is small enough for one PR.
 21. **R15** `--json` for `hack daemon start|stop|restart|install`.
 22. **R16** Trust status: a doctor check that reports whether the system trust store (and NSS on Linux) trusts the local CA, or `unknown`.
 23. **R17** `kind: safe | admin | manual` on #790's findings and plan steps, so the app knows which to offer as Run.
+24. **R18** Observe-only project listing, including registered native projects: no auto-registration, `lastSeenAt` updates or registry writes. Until it exists, the desktop refuses CLI listing fallback and reports Unknown when a matching hackd snapshot is unavailable. The daemon-off screen names `hack daemon start` and offers Start hackd as its first recovery action.
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.md b/apps/desktop/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03fe99700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Hack desktop app (preview)
+
+Unsupported preview of a minimal native window for Hack (HACK-2214): every
+project, its state and services, and Start / Stop / Restart / Open. It is a view
+over the `hack` CLI and the `hackd` socket; it keeps no state beyond window
+layout, holds no credentials and runs `hack` as you for every action. Not part
+of the release or onboarding yet.
+
+| Crate | What |
+|---|---|
+| `core` (`hack-desktop-core`) | Models, CLI runner with timeouts, read-only hackd client, project state, list/detail view models, fixtures. No GUI dependency. |
+| `app` (`hack-desktop`) | The window, built with [gpui-kit](https://gpui-kit.com/) `=0.9.1`. |
+
+This is its own Cargo workspace with its own lockfile and target directory; it
+does not touch `packages/runtime-core`.
+
+## Build and run
+
+Rust **1.98.1**, pinned for this workspace only by `rust-toolchain.toml` (rustup)
+and `mise.toml` (mise); the repo root keeps its own pin. macOS needs at least
+1.98 (`gpui-pre-macos` uses `Option::map_or_default`). macOS 15+, or Linux with
+Wayland or X11 and Vulkan. Linux build packages: `clang libfontconfig-dev
+libwayland-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libx11-xcb-dev libssl-dev libzstd-dev
+libvulkan-dev`.
+
+```sh
+cd apps/desktop
+cargo test -p hack-desktop-core          # no daemon, Docker or Hack home needed
+cargo run -p hack-desktop                # live: matching hackd; otherwise needs R18
+cargo run -p hack-desktop -- --list-fixtures
+cargo run -p hack-desktop -- --fixtures failed-start --theme dark
+```
+
+## Check the live data path without a window
+
+```sh
+cargo run -p hack-desktop-core --bin hack-desktop-state            # all projects
+cargo run -p hack-desktop-core --bin hack-desktop-state -- --project <name>
+```
+
+`hack-desktop-state` reads exactly what the window reads: hackd when its version
+matches the CLI, plus native `hack ps` for native projects. Today's CLI listing
+auto-registers runtime projects and writes the registry, so it is never used as
+a fallback. Without a matching daemon the reader reports Unknown / needs R18
+(observe-only projects), rather than writing or claiming no projects exist.
+The window retains stale names with Unknown states and disables project actions.
+It offers **Start hackd** when unreachable or **Restart hackd** for a version
+mismatch. Only a fresh matching snapshot restores observed states.
+It applies that to the same view model and prints the list and
+each project's detail as JSON. It runs no action, opens no window and writes
+nothing.
+
+An accepted refresh that changes the selected project root or backend clears the
+previous log tail, including when Follow is off.
+
+Live reads refresh every two seconds with a matching daemon and retry every ten
+seconds when unavailable. Every request has an order token: a read started before
+an action finishes cannot clear its failure, and an older result cannot replace a
+newer one. Restarting/dead containers are failures; created/paused containers
+without a running service remain Unknown, even when the CLI summary says stopped.
+
+Every designed state has a fixture (`loading`, `empty`, `daemon-down`, `many-projects`,
+`daemon-mismatch`, `engine-down`, `error`, `cli-missing`, `stopped`, `starting`,
+`running`, `degraded`, `stopping`, `failed-start`, `needs-attention`).
+
+## Screenshots without a display
+
+```sh
+cargo run -p hack-desktop --features screenshots -- --screenshots /tmp/shots
+```
+
+This renders every fixture in light and dark to PNG with GPUI's offscreen
+renderer (WGPU on Linux, Metal on macOS). It opens no window. Current renders
+(all 15 fixtures, row by row: loading, empty, daemon-down / daemon-mismatch,
+engine-down, error / cli-missing, many-projects, stopped / starting, running,
+degraded / stopping, failed-start, needs-attention):
+[light](screenshots/fixtures-light.png), [dark](screenshots/fixtures-dark.png).
+
+## What v0 does not do yet
+
+Logs, Env and Activity tabs, CPU and memory, Doctor view, onboarding, always-on,
+daemon actions and upgrades come in later units. The design and the CLI/daemon
+requests they need are in `DESIGN.md` (PR #800).
diff --git a/apps/desktop/app/Cargo.toml b/apps/desktop/app/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36f9b886a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/app/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[package]
+name = "hack-desktop"
+description = "Minimal native desktop app for Hack (unsupported preview)"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "hack-desktop"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[features]
+# Offscreen rendering of fixture states to PNG (used for design evidence).
+screenshots = ["gpui-kit/test-support", "dep:image"]
+
+[dependencies]
+hack-desktop-core.workspace = true
+gpui-kit.workspace = true
+image = { version = "0.25", optional = true, default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
diff --git a/apps/desktop/app/src/main.rs b/apps/desktop/app/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52639bb3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/app/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//! Hack desktop app (unsupported preview, HACK-2214).
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! hack-desktop                         live: hackd + `hack ... --json`
+//! hack-desktop --fixtures running      canned data for one designed state
+//! hack-desktop --list-fixtures
+//! hack-desktop --theme light|dark      default: follow the system
+//! hack-desktop --screenshots <dir>     (feature `screenshots`) render every
+//!                                      fixture, light and dark, offscreen
+//! ```
+
+#[cfg(feature = "screenshots")]
+mod screenshots;
+mod view;
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gpui_kit::component::{Theme, ThemeMode};
+use gpui_kit::{AppContext as _, Bounds, WindowBounds, WindowOptions, px, size};
+use hack_desktop_core::fixtures::{self, Fixture};
+use hack_desktop_core::source::{FixtureSource, LiveSource, Source};
+
+pub(crate) struct Args {
+    pub fixture: Option<Fixture>,
+    pub theme: Option<ThemeMode>,
+    pub screenshots: Option<std::path::PathBuf>,
+}
+
+fn usage() -> ! {
+    eprintln!(
+        "usage: hack-desktop [--fixtures <state>] [--theme light|dark] [--list-fixtures] [--screenshots <dir>]"
+    );
+    std::process::exit(2)
+}
+
+fn parse_args() -> Args {
+    let mut a = Args {
+        fixture: None,
+        theme: None,
+        screenshots: None,
+    };
+    let mut it = std::env::args().skip(1);
+    while let Some(arg) = it.next() {
+        match arg.as_str() {
+            "--fixtures" => {
+                let name = it.next().unwrap_or_else(|| usage());
+                a.fixture = Some(Fixture::parse(&name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                    eprintln!("unknown fixture {name:?}; see --list-fixtures");
+                    std::process::exit(2)
+                }));
+            }
+            "--list-fixtures" => {
+                for f in Fixture::ALL {
+                    println!("{}", f.name());
+                }
+                std::process::exit(0)
+            }
+            "--theme" => {
+                a.theme = Some(match it.next().as_deref() {
+                    Some("light") => ThemeMode::Light,
+                    Some("dark") => ThemeMode::Dark,
+                    _ => usage(),
+                });
+            }
+            "--screenshots" => a.screenshots = Some(it.next().unwrap_or_else(|| usage()).into()),
+            "-h" | "--help" => usage(),
+            _ => usage(),
+        }
+    }
+    a
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn source_for(fixture: Option<Fixture>) -> Arc<dyn Source> {
+    match fixture {
+        Some(f) => Arc::new(FixtureSource(f)),
+        None => Arc::new(LiveSource::from_env()),
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn window_options() -> WindowOptions {
+    WindowOptions {
+        window_bounds: Some(WindowBounds::Windowed(Bounds {
+            origin: Default::default(),
+            size: size(px(1040.), px(680.)),
+        })),
+        app_id: Some("dance.hack.desktop".into()),
+        ..WindowOptions::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let args = parse_args();
+    #[cfg(feature = "screenshots")]
+    if let Some(dir) = &args.screenshots {
+        screenshots::run(dir);
+        return;
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "screenshots"))]
+    if args.screenshots.is_some() {
+        eprintln!("--screenshots needs a build with --features screenshots");
+        std::process::exit(2);
+    }
+    gpui_kit::application().run(move |cx| {
+        gpui_kit::init(cx);
+        let fixture = args.fixture;
+        let theme = args.theme;
+        let source = source_for(fixture);
+        gpui_kit::open_window(window_options(), cx, move |window, cx| {
+            match theme {
+                Some(mode) => Theme::change(mode, Some(window), cx),
+                None => Theme::sync_system_appearance(Some(window), cx),
+            }
+            cx.new(|cx| {
+                let mut app = view::HackApp::new(source, fixture.is_none(), cx);
+                if let Some(f) = fixture {
+                    app.select(fixtures::selected(f));
+                    if matches!(f, Fixture::DaemonDown | Fixture::DaemonMismatch) {
+                        app.simulate_daemon_unavailable(f == Fixture::DaemonMismatch);
+                    }
+                }
+                if let Some(a) = fixture.and_then(|f| fixtures::local(f).in_flight) {
+                    app.simulate_in_flight(a);
+                }
+                app
+            })
+        })
+        .expect("failed to open the window");
+    });
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/app/src/screenshots.rs b/apps/desktop/app/src/screenshots.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c5b9b915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/app/src/screenshots.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//! Offscreen rendering of every fixture state, light and dark, to PNG.
+//!
+//! Uses GPUI's headless renderer (WGPU on Linux, Metal on macOS). No window
+//! is shown and no display server is needed beyond a Vulkan device (a
+//! software one such as lavapipe works).
+
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use gpui_kit::component::{Theme, ThemeMode};
+use gpui_kit::test::TestWindowExt as _;
+use gpui_kit::{AppContext as _, HeadlessAppContext, WindowOptions};
+use hack_desktop_core::fixtures::{self, Fixture};
+
+use crate::view::HackApp;
+
+pub fn run(dir: &Path) {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(dir).expect("create screenshot dir");
+    let mut cx = HeadlessAppContext::with_platform(
+        gpui_kit::platform::current_platform(true).text_system(),
+        Arc::new(gpui_kit::assets::Assets),
+        gpui_kit::platform::current_headless_renderer,
+    );
+    cx.update(gpui_kit::init);
+    for mode in [ThemeMode::Light, ThemeMode::Dark] {
+        for f in Fixture::ALL {
+            cx.update(|cx| Theme::change(mode, None, cx));
+            let opts = WindowOptions {
+                focus: false,
+                show: false,
+                ..crate::window_options()
+            };
+            let (handle, _) = cx
+                .update(|cx| {
+                    gpui_kit::open_window(opts, cx, |_, cx| {
+                        cx.new(|cx| {
+                            let mut app = HackApp::new(crate::source_for(Some(f)), false, cx);
+                            app.select(fixtures::selected(f));
+                            if matches!(f, Fixture::DaemonDown | Fixture::DaemonMismatch) {
+                                app.simulate_daemon_unavailable(f == Fixture::DaemonMismatch);
+                            }
+                            if let Some(a) = fixtures::local(f).in_flight {
+                                app.simulate_in_flight(a);
+                            }
+                            app
+                        })
+                    })
+                })
+                .expect("open offscreen window");
+            cx.update_window(handle, |_, window, cx| window.render_frame(cx))
+                .expect("render");
+            let img = cx
+                .capture_screenshot(handle)
+                .expect("offscreen rendering must be available");
+            let suffix = if mode == ThemeMode::Dark {
+                "dark"
+            } else {
+                "light"
+            };
+            let path = dir.join(format!("{}-{suffix}.png", f.name()));
+            img.save(&path).expect("write png");
+            println!("{}", path.display());
+            cx.update_window(handle, |_, window, _| window.remove_window())
+                .ok();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/app/src/view.rs b/apps/desktop/app/src/view.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05f159fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/app/src/view.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+//! The one window: sidebar, detail pane, status bar.
+//!
+//! All data comes from `hack_desktop_core`; this file only lays it out and
+//! forwards clicks as view-model events. Blocking work (CLI, socket) runs on
+//! the background executor, never on the UI thread.
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use gpui_kit::component::{
+    ActiveTheme, Disableable as _, Sizable as _,
+    button::{Button, ButtonVariants as _},
+    h_flex,
+    switch::Switch,
+    tab::{Tab, TabBar},
+    tag::Tag,
+    v_flex,
+};
+use gpui_kit::{
+    AnyElement, Context, FontWeight, Hsla, IntoElement, ParentElement, Render, SharedString,
+    Styled, Window, div, prelude::*, px,
+};
+use hack_desktop_core::models::LogEntry;
+use hack_desktop_core::source::{ActionOutcome, DaemonRecovery, Source};
+use hack_desktop_core::state::{Action, ProjectState, ServiceView, Tone};
+use hack_desktop_core::viewmodel::{AppModel, DetailView, Event, ListView, Phase, Row};
+
+const TAIL_LINES: u32 = 20;
+
+pub struct HackApp {
+    model: AppModel,
+    source: Arc<dyn Source>,
+    tab: usize,
+    tail: Result<Vec<LogEntry>, String>,
+    follow: bool,
+    live: bool,
+    recovery_busy: bool,
+    recovery_error: Option<String>,
+    /// When each project's running action started, for the slow-action
+    /// warning. Display only: the app never terminates a lifecycle command.
+    action_started: std::collections::HashMap<String, std::time::Instant>,
+}
+
+impl HackApp {
+    /// `live`: poll the source. Fixtures load once and never poll.
+    pub fn new(source: Arc<dyn Source>, live: bool, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> Self {
+        let mut this = Self {
+            model: AppModel::new(),
+            source,
+            tab: 0,
+            tail: Ok(Vec::new()),
+            follow: true,
+            live,
+            recovery_busy: false,
+            recovery_error: None,
+            action_started: std::collections::HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        if live {
+            this.start_polling(cx);
+        } else {
+            this.refresh_now();
+        }
+        this
+    }
+
+    /// Synchronous refresh, for fixtures and screenshots.
+    pub fn refresh_now(&mut self) {
+        let snap = self.source.snapshot();
+        self.model.apply(Event::Refreshed(snap));
+        self.tail = self.selected_root().map_or_else(
+            || Ok(Vec::new()),
+            |(root, native)| self.source.log_tail(&root, native, TAIL_LINES),
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Fixtures: select a project by name.
+    pub fn select(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        self.model.apply(Event::Select(name.to_owned()));
+        self.refresh_now();
+    }
+
+    /// Fixtures: mark an action as in flight without running it.
+    pub fn simulate_in_flight(&mut self, action: Action) {
+        if let Some(name) = self.model.detail().map(|d| d.name) {
+            self.model.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+                project: name,
+                action,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Fixture-only unavailable daemon after a previously readable snapshot.
+    pub fn simulate_daemon_unavailable(&mut self, mismatch: bool) {
+        self.model.apply(Event::Refreshed(Err(
+            hack_desktop_core::source::SourceError::DaemonUnavailable {
+                cli: "5.0.0".into(),
+                daemon: mismatch.then(|| "4.3.0".into()),
+                message: if mismatch {
+                    "hackd v4.3.0, CLI v5.0.0: restart hackd"
+                } else {
+                    "hackd is off or unreachable: start hackd"
+                }
+                .into(),
+            },
+        )));
+        self.tail = Err("Project status could not be read".into());
+    }
+
+    fn selected_root(&self) -> Option<(PathBuf, bool)> {
+        let r = self.model.selected_row()?;
+        Some((PathBuf::from(r.repo_root.as_ref()?), r.is_native()))
+    }
+
+    fn start_polling(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
+        cx.spawn(async move |this, cx| {
+            loop {
+                let Ok((source, token)) = this.update(cx, |this, _| {
+                    (this.source.clone(), this.model.begin_refresh())
+                }) else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                let snap = cx
+                    .background_executor()
+                    .spawn({
+                        let source = source.clone();
+                        async move { source.snapshot() }
+                    })
+                    .await;
+                let root = this
+                    .update(cx, |this, cx| {
+                        let previous = this.selected_root();
+                        if !this.model.finish_refresh(token, snap) {
+                            return None;
+                        }
+                        if previous != this.selected_root() {
+                            this.tail = Ok(Vec::new());
+                        }
+                        cx.notify();
+                        this.follow.then(|| this.selected_root()).flatten()
+                    })
+                    .ok()
+                    .flatten();
+                if let Some((root, native)) = root {
+                    let requested = root.clone();
+                    let tail = cx
+                        .background_executor()
+                        .spawn(async move { source.log_tail(&root, native, TAIL_LINES) })
+                        .await;
+                    let _ = this.update(cx, |this, cx| {
+                        // Drop a tail fetched for a project no longer selected.
+                        if this.selected_root().is_some_and(|(r, _)| r == requested) {
+                            this.tail = tail;
+                            cx.notify();
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                let delay = this
+                    .update(cx, |this, _| this.model.poll_interval())
+                    .unwrap_or(Duration::from_secs(10));
+                cx.background_executor().timer(delay).await;
+            }
+        })
+        .detach();
+    }
+
+    fn run_action(&mut self, action: Action, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
+        if self.recovery_busy {
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(row) = self.model.selected_row() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let project = row.name.clone();
+        let native = row.is_native();
+        let Some(root) = row.repo_root.clone().map(PathBuf::from) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if !self.model.can_start(&project) {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.model.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: project.clone(),
+            action,
+        });
+        self.action_started
+            .insert(project.clone(), std::time::Instant::now());
+        cx.notify();
+        if !self.live {
+            return;
+        }
+        let source = self.source.clone();
+        cx.spawn(async move |this, cx| {
+            let result = cx
+                .background_executor()
+                .spawn(async move { source.act(&root, native, action) })
+                .await;
+            let _ = this.update(cx, |this, cx| {
+                if let Ok(ActionOutcome::Opened(o)) = &result {
+                    cx.open_url(&o.url);
+                }
+                this.action_started.remove(&project);
+                if this.model.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+                    project,
+                    action,
+                    result,
+                }) {
+                    this.refresh_now_async(cx);
+                }
+                cx.notify();
+            });
+        })
+        .detach();
+    }
+
+    fn refresh_now_async(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
+        let source = self.source.clone();
+        let token = self.model.begin_refresh();
+        cx.spawn(async move |this, cx| {
+            let snap = cx
+                .background_executor()
+                .spawn(async move { source.snapshot() })
+                .await;
+            let _ = this.update(cx, |this, cx| {
+                let previous = this.selected_root();
+                if this.model.finish_refresh(token, snap) && previous != this.selected_root() {
+                    this.tail = Ok(Vec::new());
+                }
+                cx.notify();
+            });
+        })
+        .detach();
+    }
+
+    fn recover_daemon(&mut self, action: DaemonRecovery, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
+        if self.recovery_busy || !self.live {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.recovery_busy = true;
+        self.recovery_error = None;
+        let source = self.source.clone();
+        cx.notify();
+        cx.spawn(async move |this, cx| {
+            let result = cx
+                .background_executor()
+                .spawn(async move { source.recover_daemon(action) })
+                .await;
+            let _ = this.update(cx, |this, cx| {
+                this.recovery_busy = false;
+                this.recovery_error = result.err();
+                // A command exit is not evidence that a compatible daemon
+                // is ready. Only the next ordered snapshot can restore rows.
+                this.refresh_now_async(cx);
+                cx.notify();
+            });
+        })
+        .detach();
+    }
+}
+
+fn tone_color(tone: Tone, cx: &gpui_kit::App) -> Hsla {
+    let t = cx.theme().clone();
+    match tone {
+        Tone::Ok => t.success,
+        Tone::Warn => t.warning,
+        Tone::Busy => t.info,
+        Tone::Error => t.danger,
+        Tone::Idle => t.muted_foreground,
+    }
+}
+
+fn dot(color: Hsla) -> impl IntoElement {
+    div().size(px(8.)).rounded_full().bg(color).flex_none()
+}
+
+fn state_tag(state: &ProjectState) -> Tag {
+    let tag = match state.tone() {
+        Tone::Ok => Tag::success(),
+        Tone::Warn => Tag::warning(),
+        Tone::Busy => Tag::info(),
+        Tone::Error => Tag::danger(),
+        Tone::Idle => Tag::secondary(),
+    };
+    tag.small().rounded_full().child(state.label())
+}
+
+impl HackApp {
+    fn sidebar(&self, list: &ListView, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> impl IntoElement {
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        let header = |label: &'static str| {
+            div()
+                .px_3()
+                .pt_3()
+                .pb_1()
+                .text_xs()
+                .font_weight(FontWeight::SEMIBOLD)
+                .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                .child(label)
+        };
+        let mut col = v_flex()
+            .w(px(232.))
+            .h_full()
+            .flex_none()
+            .bg(t.sidebar)
+            .border_r_1()
+            .border_color(t.sidebar_border)
+            .text_color(t.sidebar_foreground)
+            .text_sm();
+        col = col.child(
+            div()
+                .px_3()
+                .py_3()
+                .font_weight(FontWeight::BOLD)
+                .child("Hack"),
+        );
+        // Project groups scroll; the header above and the machine rows below
+        // stay fixed, so every project stays reachable however many there are.
+        let mut body = v_flex()
+            .id("project-list")
+            .flex_1()
+            .min_h_0()
+            .overflow_y_scroll();
+        match &list.phase {
+            Phase::Loading => {
+                for i in 0..3usize {
+                    body = body.child(
+                        div()
+                            .id(("skeleton", i))
+                            .mx_3()
+                            .my_1()
+                            .h(px(20.))
+                            .rounded_md()
+                            .bg(t.muted),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            Phase::Empty | Phase::CliMissing | Phase::Error { .. } => {}
+            Phase::Ready => {
+                if !list.running.is_empty() {
+                    body = body.child(header("RUNNING"));
+                    for r in &list.running {
+                        body = body.child(self.project_row(r, cx));
+                    }
+                }
+                if !list.stopped.is_empty() {
+                    let unknown = list
+                        .stopped
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter(|r| matches!(r.state, ProjectState::Unknown { .. }))
+                        .count();
+                    body = body.child(header(if unknown == list.stopped.len() {
+                        "UNKNOWN"
+                    } else if unknown > 0 {
+                        "STOPPED / UNKNOWN"
+                    } else {
+                        "STOPPED"
+                    }));
+                    for r in &list.stopped {
+                        body = body.child(self.project_row(r, cx));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        col.child(body).child(
+            v_flex()
+                .border_t_1()
+                .border_color(t.sidebar_border)
+                .py_2()
+                // v0 does not read routing status yet: shown as unknown.
+                .child(machine_row("Routing and DNS", None, t.muted_foreground))
+                .child(machine_row(
+                    "Doctor",
+                    (list.doctor_count > 0).then_some(list.doctor_count),
+                    // Unknown until Doctor has actually reported.
+                    match (list.doctor_known, list.doctor_count) {
+                        (false, _) => t.muted_foreground,
+                        (true, 0) => t.success,
+                        (true, _) => t.warning,
+                    },
+                )),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn project_row(&self, r: &Row, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> AnyElement {
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        let name = r.name.clone();
+        h_flex()
+            .id(SharedString::from(format!("project-{}", r.name)))
+            .mx_2()
+            .px_2()
+            .py_1()
+            .gap_2()
+            .rounded_md()
+            .when(r.selected, |d| {
+                d.bg(t.sidebar_accent)
+                    .text_color(t.sidebar_accent_foreground)
+            })
+            .hover(|d| d.bg(t.sidebar_accent))
+            .cursor_pointer()
+            .child(dot(tone_color(r.state.tone(), cx)))
+            .child(div().flex_1().truncate().child(r.name.clone()))
+            .when(r.always_on, |d| {
+                d.child(
+                    div()
+                        .text_xs()
+                        .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                        .child("always on"),
+                )
+            })
+            .on_click(cx.listener(move |this, _, _, cx| {
+                this.model.apply(Event::Select(name.clone()));
+                this.tail = Ok(Vec::new());
+                if !this.live {
+                    this.refresh_now();
+                }
+                cx.notify();
+            }))
+            .into_any_element()
+    }
+
+    fn banners(&self, list: &ListView, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> impl IntoElement {
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        let mut col = v_flex();
+        for b in &list.banners {
+            col = col.child(
+                div()
+                    .px_4()
+                    .py_1()
+                    .text_xs()
+                    .bg(t.warning.opacity(0.15))
+                    .border_b_1()
+                    .border_color(t.border)
+                    .child(b.text()),
+            );
+        }
+        if let Some(action) = self.model.daemon_recovery() {
+            col = col.child(
+                h_flex()
+                    .px_4()
+                    .py_2()
+                    .gap_3()
+                    .child(
+                        Button::new("recover-hackd")
+                            .label(action.label())
+                            .small()
+                            .disabled(self.recovery_busy)
+                            .loading(self.recovery_busy)
+                            .on_click(
+                                cx.listener(move |this, _, _, cx| this.recover_daemon(action, cx)),
+                            ),
+                    )
+                    .children(
+                        self.recovery_error
+                            .clone()
+                            .map(|e| div().text_sm().text_color(t.danger).child(e)),
+                    ),
+            );
+        }
+        col
+    }
+
+    fn detail(&self, d: &DetailView, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> impl IntoElement {
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        let mut buttons = h_flex().gap_2();
+        for a in [Action::Open, Action::Restart, Action::Stop, Action::Start] {
+            if !d.actions.contains(&a) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let mut b = Button::new(a.label())
+                .label(a.label())
+                .small()
+                .disabled(d.busy || self.recovery_busy);
+            b = match a {
+                Action::Start => b.primary(),
+                Action::Stop => b.outline(),
+                _ => b.outline(),
+            };
+            buttons = buttons.child(b.on_click(cx.listener(move |this, _, _, cx| {
+                this.run_action(a, cx);
+            })));
+        }
+        let header = v_flex()
+            .gap_2()
+            .px_5()
+            .pt_4()
+            .pb_3()
+            .border_b_1()
+            .border_color(t.border)
+            .child(
+                h_flex()
+                    .gap_3()
+                    .child(
+                        div()
+                            .text_xl()
+                            .font_weight(FontWeight::BOLD)
+                            .child(d.name.clone()),
+                    )
+                    .child(state_tag(&d.state))
+                    .child(
+                        Tag::secondary()
+                            .small()
+                            .outline()
+                            .rounded_full()
+                            .child(d.backend.clone()),
+                    )
+                    .child(div().flex_1())
+                    .child(buttons),
+            )
+            .child(
+                h_flex()
+                    .gap_4()
+                    .text_sm()
+                    .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                    .children(d.url.clone().map(|u| div().text_color(t.link).child(u)))
+                    .child(div().flex_1())
+                    .child(
+                        Switch::new("always-on")
+                            .label("Always on")
+                            .checked(d.always_on)
+                            .small()
+                            .disabled(true)
+                            .tooltip("Needs hack autostart (HACK-2213)"),
+                    ),
+            )
+            .children(reason_line(&d.state, d.last_error.as_deref(), cx))
+            .children(
+                self.slow_action_warning(&d.name)
+                    .map(|w| div().text_sm().text_color(t.warning).child(w)),
+            )
+            .children(
+                d.note
+                    .clone()
+                    .map(|n| div().text_sm().text_color(t.muted_foreground).child(n)),
+            );
+        let tabs = TabBar::new("detail-tabs")
+            .underline()
+            .small()
+            .selected_index(self.tab)
+            .child(Tab::new().label("Services"))
+            .child(Tab::new().label("Logs").disabled(true))
+            .child(Tab::new().label("Env").disabled(true))
+            .child(Tab::new().label("Activity").disabled(true))
+            .on_click(cx.listener(|this, ix: &usize, _, cx| {
+                this.tab = *ix;
+                cx.notify();
+            }));
+        // The header and tabs stay fixed; the tab content scrolls within the
+        // remaining height so every service row and log line is reachable.
+        v_flex()
+            .flex_1()
+            .min_w_0()
+            .min_h_0()
+            .child(header)
+            .child(div().px_5().pt_2().child(tabs))
+            .child(
+                v_flex()
+                    .id("detail-body")
+                    .flex_1()
+                    .min_h_0()
+                    .overflow_y_scroll()
+                    .child(services_table(&d.services, cx))
+                    .child(self.log_tail(cx)),
+            )
+    }
+
+    /// Shown, never acted on, once an action has run past
+    /// `LiveSource::LIFECYCLE_WARN_AFTER`.
+    fn slow_action_warning(&self, project: &str) -> Option<String> {
+        let started = self.action_started.get(project)?;
+        (started.elapsed() >= hack_desktop_core::source::LiveSource::LIFECYCLE_WARN_AFTER).then(|| {
+            "Still running after 6 hours. Hack owns this command and its timeouts; the app has not stopped it.".to_owned()
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn log_tail(&self, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> impl IntoElement {
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        let mono = t.mono_font_family.clone();
+        let mut lines = v_flex().font_family(mono).text_xs().gap_0p5().px_3().py_2();
+        let entries: &[LogEntry] = match &self.tail {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(why) => {
+                // A failed read is shown as such, never as an empty log.
+                lines = lines.child(div().text_color(t.muted_foreground).child(why.clone()));
+                &[]
+            }
+        };
+        if matches!(&self.tail, Ok(v) if v.is_empty()) {
+            lines = lines.child(
+                div()
+                    .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                    .child("No recent log lines"),
+            );
+        }
+        for e in entries {
+            let error = e.level.as_deref() == Some("error");
+            lines = lines.child(
+                h_flex()
+                    .gap_2()
+                    .child(
+                        div()
+                            .w(px(64.))
+                            .flex_none()
+                            .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                            .child(e.service.clone().unwrap_or_default()),
+                    )
+                    .child(
+                        div()
+                            .flex_1()
+                            .truncate()
+                            .when(error, |d| d.text_color(t.danger))
+                            .child(e.message.clone()),
+                    ),
+            );
+        }
+        v_flex()
+            .mx_5()
+            .mb_3()
+            .flex_1()
+            .min_h(px(120.))
+            .rounded_md()
+            .border_1()
+            .border_color(t.border)
+            .bg(t.muted.opacity(0.4))
+            .child(
+                h_flex()
+                    .px_3()
+                    .py_1()
+                    .border_b_1()
+                    .border_color(t.border)
+                    .text_xs()
+                    .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                    .child("Log tail")
+                    .child(div().flex_1())
+                    .child(
+                        Switch::new("follow")
+                            .label("Follow")
+                            .checked(self.follow)
+                            .xsmall()
+                            .on_change(cx.listener(|this, v: &bool, _, cx| {
+                                this.follow = *v;
+                                cx.notify();
+                            })),
+                    ),
+            )
+            .child(lines)
+            .child(
+                div()
+                    .px_3()
+                    .pb_2()
+                    .text_xs()
+                    .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                    .child("Logs are shown as your services print them. Hack does not hide secrets in logs."),
+            )
+    }
+
+    fn full_pane(
+        &self,
+        title: &str,
+        body: String,
+        command: Option<&str>,
+        cx: &mut Context<Self>,
+    ) -> AnyElement {
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        v_flex()
+            .flex_1()
+            .items_center()
+            .justify_center()
+            .gap_2()
+            .child(
+                div()
+                    .text_lg()
+                    .font_weight(FontWeight::SEMIBOLD)
+                    .child(title.to_owned()),
+            )
+            .child(div().text_sm().text_color(t.muted_foreground).child(body))
+            .children(command.map(|c| {
+                div()
+                    .mt_2()
+                    .px_3()
+                    .py_1()
+                    .rounded_md()
+                    .bg(t.muted)
+                    .font_family(t.mono_font_family.clone())
+                    .text_sm()
+                    .child(c.to_owned())
+            }))
+            .into_any_element()
+    }
+
+    fn status_bar(&self, list: &ListView, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> impl IntoElement {
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        let stale = list
+            .banners
+            .iter()
+            .any(|b| matches!(b, hack_desktop_core::viewmodel::Banner::Stale { .. }));
+        let engine = if !self.model.engine_observed() {
+            ("Docker unknown", t.muted_foreground)
+        } else if list
+            .banners
+            .iter()
+            .any(|b| matches!(b, hack_desktop_core::viewmodel::Banner::EngineDown { .. }))
+        {
+            ("Docker down", t.danger)
+        } else {
+            ("Docker ok", t.success)
+        };
+        let daemon = if list
+            .banners
+            .iter()
+            .any(|b| matches!(b, hack_desktop_core::viewmodel::Banner::DaemonOff))
+        {
+            ("hackd off", t.muted_foreground)
+        } else if list.banners.iter().any(|b| {
+            matches!(
+                b,
+                hack_desktop_core::viewmodel::Banner::DaemonMismatch { .. }
+            )
+        }) {
+            ("hackd version mismatch", t.warning)
+        } else if stale
+            || list.banners.iter().any(|b| {
+                matches!(
+                    b,
+                    hack_desktop_core::viewmodel::Banner::DaemonReadFailed { .. }
+                )
+            })
+        {
+            ("hackd unknown", t.muted_foreground)
+        } else {
+            ("hackd on", t.success)
+        };
+        h_flex()
+            .h(px(26.))
+            .px_3()
+            .gap_4()
+            .text_xs()
+            .bg(t.status_bar)
+            .border_t_1()
+            .border_color(t.status_bar_border)
+            .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+            .child({
+                let c = list.counts;
+                let mut text = format!("{} running · {} stopped", c.running, c.stopped);
+                if c.unknown > 0 {
+                    text.push_str(&format!(" · {} unknown", c.unknown));
+                }
+                text
+            })
+            // Without a snapshot the engine and hackd states are unknown.
+            .when(list.cli_version.is_some(), |d| {
+                d.child(h_flex().gap_1().child(dot(engine.1)).child(engine.0))
+                    .child(h_flex().gap_1().child(dot(daemon.1)).child(daemon.0))
+            })
+            .child(div().flex_1())
+            .children(list.cli_version.clone().map(|v| format!("hack {v}")))
+    }
+}
+
+fn machine_row(label: &'static str, count: Option<usize>, color: Hsla) -> impl IntoElement {
+    h_flex()
+        .mx_2()
+        .px_2()
+        .py_1()
+        .gap_2()
+        .child(dot(color))
+        .child(div().flex_1().child(label))
+        .children(count.map(|n| Tag::warning().xsmall().rounded_full().child(n.to_string())))
+}
+
+fn reason_line(
+    state: &ProjectState,
+    error: Option<&str>,
+    cx: &Context<HackApp>,
+) -> Option<AnyElement> {
+    let t = cx.theme().clone();
+    let text = match (state, error) {
+        (_, Some(e)) => format!("Last action failed: {e}"),
+        (ProjectState::NeedsAttention { reason } | ProjectState::Unknown { reason }, None) => {
+            reason.clone()
+        }
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    Some(
+        div()
+            .text_sm()
+            .text_color(t.danger)
+            .child(text)
+            .into_any_element(),
+    )
+}
+
+fn services_table(services: &[ServiceView], cx: &Context<HackApp>) -> impl IntoElement {
+    let t = cx.theme().clone();
+    let cell = |w: f32| div().w(px(w)).flex_none().truncate();
+    let mut table = v_flex()
+        .mx_5()
+        .my_3()
+        .rounded_md()
+        .border_1()
+        .border_color(t.border)
+        .text_sm()
+        .child(
+            h_flex()
+                .px_3()
+                .py_1()
+                .bg(t.table_head)
+                .text_color(t.table_head_foreground)
+                .text_xs()
+                .font_weight(FontWeight::SEMIBOLD)
+                .child(cell(140.).child("SERVICE"))
+                .child(cell(200.).child("STATE"))
+                .child(cell(64.).child("CPU"))
+                .child(cell(80.).child("MEMORY"))
+                .child(div().flex_1().child("ROUTE")),
+        );
+    for s in services {
+        let color = if s.running {
+            t.success
+        } else if s.exit_code.is_some_and(|c| c != 0) {
+            t.danger
+        } else {
+            t.muted_foreground
+        };
+        table = table.child(
+            h_flex()
+                .px_3()
+                .py_1()
+                .border_t_1()
+                .border_color(t.table_row_border)
+                .child(cell(140.).child(s.name.clone()))
+                .child(cell(200.).child(h_flex().gap_2().child(dot(color)).child(s.status.clone())))
+                .child(cell(64.).text_color(t.muted_foreground).child("—"))
+                .child(cell(80.).text_color(t.muted_foreground).child("—"))
+                .child(
+                    div()
+                        .flex_1()
+                        .truncate()
+                        .text_color(t.muted_foreground)
+                        .child(s.route.clone().unwrap_or_default()),
+                ),
+        );
+    }
+    table
+}
+
+impl Render for HackApp {
+    fn render(&mut self, _: &mut Window, cx: &mut Context<Self>) -> impl IntoElement {
+        let list = self.model.list();
+        let t = cx.theme().clone();
+        let (bg, fg, font) = (t.background, t.foreground, t.font_family.clone());
+        let main: AnyElement = match &list.phase {
+            Phase::CliMissing => self.full_pane(
+                "Hack CLI not found",
+                "The app runs the hack command for everything. Install it, then reopen the app."
+                    .into(),
+                Some("brew install hack-dance/tap/hack"),
+                cx,
+            ),
+            Phase::Error { code, message } => self.full_pane(
+                "Could not read projects",
+                format!("{code}: {message}"),
+                self.model
+                    .daemon_recovery()
+                    .is_none()
+                    .then_some("hack projects --json"),
+                cx,
+            ),
+            Phase::Empty => self.full_pane(
+                "No projects yet",
+                "Set up a repository with Hack and it appears here.".into(),
+                Some("cd your-repo && hack init"),
+                cx,
+            ),
+            Phase::Loading => self.full_pane("Loading projects…", String::new(), None, cx),
+            Phase::Ready => match self.model.detail() {
+                Some(d) => self.detail(&d, cx).into_any_element(),
+                None => self.full_pane("Select a project", String::new(), None, cx),
+            },
+        };
+        v_flex()
+            .size_full()
+            .bg(bg)
+            .text_color(fg)
+            .font_family(font)
+            .child(
+                h_flex()
+                    .flex_1()
+                    .min_h_0()
+                    .items_start()
+                    .child(self.sidebar(&list, cx))
+                    .child(
+                        v_flex()
+                            .flex_1()
+                            .h_full()
+                            .min_w_0()
+                            .child(self.banners(&list, cx))
+                            .child(main),
+                    ),
+            )
+            .child(self.status_bar(&list, cx))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/Cargo.toml b/apps/desktop/core/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7eddaaa5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[package]
+name = "hack-desktop-core"
+description = "Models, CLI runner, hackd client and view models for the Hack desktop app (no GUI)"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+publish.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+libc = "0.2"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/bin/hack-desktop-state.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/bin/hack-desktop-state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc2114e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/bin/hack-desktop-state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//! `hack-desktop-state`: a headless check of the desktop app's live data
+//! path. It reads exactly what the window reads (`LiveSource::from_env`
+//! then `Source::snapshot`: hackd when its version matches the CLI,
+//! plus native `ps` for native projects), applies the
+//! result to the same view model, and prints the list and every project's
+//! detail view as JSON.
+//!
+//! Read-only: it runs no action, opens no window and writes nothing.
+//! Without a matching daemon it reports Unknown / needs R18 rather than
+//! invoking today's registry-writing `hack projects` fallback.
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! hack-desktop-state [--project <name>] [--compact]
+//! ```
+
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use hack_desktop_core::source::{LiveSource, Source};
+use hack_desktop_core::viewmodel::{AppModel, Event};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+fn usage() -> ! {
+    eprintln!("usage: hack-desktop-state [--project <name>] [--compact]");
+    std::process::exit(2)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut project: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut compact = false;
+    let mut args = std::env::args().skip(1);
+    while let Some(a) = args.next() {
+        match a.as_str() {
+            "--project" => project = Some(args.next().unwrap_or_else(|| usage())),
+            "--compact" => compact = true,
+            _ => usage(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    let source = LiveSource::from_env();
+    let started = Instant::now();
+    let snap = source.snapshot();
+    let read_ms = started.elapsed().as_millis();
+
+    let source_info = match &snap {
+        Ok(s) => json!({
+            "ok": true,
+            "cli_version": s.cli_version,
+            "daemon": s.daemon,
+            "daemon_version_mismatch": s.daemon_mismatch(),
+            "runtime_ok": s.projects.runtime_ok,
+            "runtime_error": s.projects.runtime_error,
+            "project_count": s.projects.projects.len(),
+        }),
+        Err(e) => json!({ "ok": false, "error": format!("{e:?}") }),
+    };
+
+    let mut model = AppModel::new();
+    model.apply(Event::Refreshed(snap));
+    let list = model.list();
+
+    let names: Vec<String> = match &project {
+        Some(p) => vec![p.clone()],
+        None => list
+            .running
+            .iter()
+            .chain(list.stopped.iter())
+            .map(|r| r.name.clone())
+            .collect(),
+    };
+    let details: Vec<Value> = names
+        .iter()
+        .map(|name| {
+            model.apply(Event::Select(name.clone()));
+            match model.detail() {
+                Some(d) if d.name == *name => serde_json::to_value(d).unwrap_or(Value::Null),
+                _ => json!({ "name": name, "error": "no such project in the snapshot" }),
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let out = json!({
+        "read_ms": read_ms,
+        "source": source_info,
+        "list": list,
+        "details": details,
+    });
+    let text = if compact {
+        serde_json::to_string(&out)
+    } else {
+        serde_json::to_string_pretty(&out)
+    };
+    println!("{}", text.unwrap_or_default());
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/daemon.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/daemon.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04d91dea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/daemon.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+//! Read-only client for the `hackd` Unix socket.
+//!
+//! Only GET requests, one per connection (`Connection: close`), with a read
+//! and write timeout. The socket API has no authentication; it is owner-only
+//! on disk, and the app only reads from it. A daemon whose version differs
+//! from the CLI is treated as unusable for data (the CLI does the same) and
+//! project reads remain unavailable until a matching daemon can be read.
+
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::os::unix::net::UnixStream;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+
+use crate::models::{DaemonApiStatus, ProjectsPayload};
+
+const MAX_BODY: usize = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DaemonError {
+    /// No socket, or nothing listening.
+    Unreachable(String),
+    Timeout,
+    /// The socket or its directory is not provably this user's own.
+    Untrusted(String),
+    Http {
+        status: u16,
+        body: String,
+    },
+    BadResponse(String),
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for DaemonError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Unreachable(e) => write!(f, "hackd is not reachable: {e}"),
+            Self::Timeout => write!(f, "hackd did not answer in time"),
+            Self::Untrusted(why) => write!(f, "hackd socket not trusted: {why}"),
+            Self::Http { status, body } => write!(f, "hackd returned {status}: {body}"),
+            Self::BadResponse(e) => write!(f, "unexpected response from hackd: {e}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `$HACK_HOME/daemon/hackd.sock`, else `~/.hack/daemon/hackd.sock`.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn default_socket_path(hack_home: Option<&str>, home: Option<&str>) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let root = match hack_home.filter(|h| Path::new(h).is_absolute()) {
+        Some(h) => PathBuf::from(h),
+        None => PathBuf::from(home?).join(".hack"),
+    };
+    Some(root.join("daemon").join("hackd.sock"))
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DaemonClient {
+    socket: PathBuf,
+    timeout: Duration,
+}
+
+impl DaemonClient {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(socket: impl Into<PathBuf>, timeout: Duration) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            socket: socket.into(),
+            timeout,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// GET a path and deserialize the JSON body.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Any [`DaemonError`].
+    pub fn get_json<T: DeserializeOwned>(&self, path_and_query: &str) -> Result<T, DaemonError> {
+        let body = self.get(path_and_query)?;
+        serde_json::from_slice(&body).map_err(|e| DaemonError::BadResponse(e.to_string()))
+    }
+
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Any [`DaemonError`].
+    pub fn status(&self) -> Result<DaemonApiStatus, DaemonError> {
+        self.get_json("/v1/status")
+    }
+
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Any [`DaemonError`].
+    pub fn projects(&self) -> Result<ProjectsPayload, DaemonError> {
+        let v: serde_json::Value = self.get_json("/v1/projects")?;
+        ProjectsPayload::from_value(v).map_err(DaemonError::BadResponse)
+    }
+
+    fn get(&self, path_and_query: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DaemonError> {
+        // hackd's API has no authentication: trust it only when the socket's
+        // directory is this user's own and nobody else can replace entries
+        // in it, and the peer process runs as this user. Otherwise the app
+        // refuses this snapshot.
+        check_socket_path_len(&self.socket)?;
+        let uid = current_uid();
+        check_private_dir(&self.socket, uid)?;
+        let mut s = UnixStream::connect(&self.socket)
+            .map_err(|e| DaemonError::Unreachable(e.to_string()))?;
+        match peer_uid(&s) {
+            Some(p) if p == uid => {}
+            Some(p) => {
+                return Err(DaemonError::Untrusted(format!(
+                    "peer runs as uid {p}, not {uid}"
+                )));
+            }
+            None => return Err(DaemonError::Untrusted("peer uid unavailable".into())),
+        }
+        s.set_read_timeout(Some(self.timeout))
+            .and_then(|()| s.set_write_timeout(Some(self.timeout)))
+            .map_err(|e| DaemonError::Unreachable(e.to_string()))?;
+        let req = format!(
+            "GET {path_and_query} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: hackd\r\nAccept: application/json\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"
+        );
+        s.write_all(req.as_bytes()).map_err(io_err)?;
+        let mut raw = Vec::new();
+        s.take(MAX_BODY as u64 + 64 * 1024)
+            .read_to_end(&mut raw)
+            .map_err(io_err)?;
+        parse_http(&raw)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Longest Unix socket path, in bytes, this platform accepts
+/// (`sockaddr_un.sun_path` minus the terminating NUL).
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
+pub const MAX_SOCKET_PATH: usize = 103;
+#[cfg(not(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd")))]
+pub const MAX_SOCKET_PATH: usize = 107;
+
+/// A socket path the OS cannot address (for example under a long home
+/// directory on macOS) is reported clearly, without attempting a connection.
+fn check_socket_path_len(socket: &Path) -> Result<(), DaemonError> {
+    use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+    let n = socket.as_os_str().as_bytes().len();
+    if n > MAX_SOCKET_PATH {
+        return Err(DaemonError::Unreachable(format!(
+            "the hackd socket path is {n} bytes, longer than the {MAX_SOCKET_PATH} this system allows"
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn current_uid() -> u32 {
+    // SAFETY: getuid has no preconditions and cannot fail.
+    unsafe { libc::getuid() }
+}
+
+/// The socket and its directory must be owned by `uid`, not symlinks, and
+/// the directory must not be writable by group or others.
+fn check_private_dir(socket: &Path, uid: u32) -> Result<(), DaemonError> {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
+    let untrusted = DaemonError::Untrusted;
+    let dir = socket
+        .parent()
+        .ok_or_else(|| untrusted("socket has no parent directory".into()))?;
+    let dm = std::fs::symlink_metadata(dir).map_err(|e| DaemonError::Unreachable(e.to_string()))?;
+    if !dm.is_dir() {
+        return Err(untrusted("daemon directory is not a directory".into()));
+    }
+    if dm.uid() != uid {
+        return Err(untrusted(
+            "daemon directory is owned by another user".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if dm.mode() & 0o022 != 0 {
+        return Err(untrusted(
+            "daemon directory is group- or world-writable".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    let sm =
+        std::fs::symlink_metadata(socket).map_err(|e| DaemonError::Unreachable(e.to_string()))?;
+    if sm.file_type().is_symlink() || sm.uid() != uid {
+        return Err(untrusted(
+            "socket is a link or owned by another user".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn peer_uid(s: &UnixStream) -> Option<u32> {
+    use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
+    let mut cred = libc::ucred {
+        pid: 0,
+        uid: 0,
+        gid: 0,
+    };
+    let mut len = libc::socklen_t::try_from(std::mem::size_of::<libc::ucred>()).ok()?;
+    // SAFETY: valid fd, out-pointer sized for ucred.
+    let rc = unsafe {
+        libc::getsockopt(
+            s.as_raw_fd(),
+            libc::SOL_SOCKET,
+            libc::SO_PEERCRED,
+            (&raw mut cred).cast(),
+            &raw mut len,
+        )
+    };
+    (rc == 0).then_some(cred.uid)
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "freebsd", target_os = "openbsd"))]
+fn peer_uid(s: &UnixStream) -> Option<u32> {
+    use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
+    let (mut uid, mut gid) = (0, 0);
+    // SAFETY: valid fd and out-pointers.
+    let rc = unsafe { libc::getpeereid(s.as_raw_fd(), &raw mut uid, &raw mut gid) };
+    (rc == 0).then_some(uid)
+}
+
+fn io_err(e: std::io::Error) -> DaemonError {
+    match e.kind() {
+        std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock | std::io::ErrorKind::TimedOut => DaemonError::Timeout,
+        _ => DaemonError::Unreachable(e.to_string()),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a full HTTP/1.1 response (Content-Length, chunked, or to EOF).
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// `BadResponse` or `Http` for a non-2xx status.
+pub fn parse_http(raw: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DaemonError> {
+    let split = raw
+        .windows(4)
+        .position(|w| w == b"\r\n\r\n")
+        .ok_or_else(|| DaemonError::BadResponse("no header terminator".into()))?;
+    let head = std::str::from_utf8(&raw[..split])
+        .map_err(|_| DaemonError::BadResponse("header is not UTF-8".into()))?;
+    let body = &raw[split + 4..];
+    let mut lines = head.split("\r\n");
+    let status: u16 = lines
+        .next()
+        .and_then(|l| l.split_whitespace().nth(1))
+        .and_then(|c| c.parse().ok())
+        .ok_or_else(|| DaemonError::BadResponse("bad status line".into()))?;
+    let mut chunked = false;
+    let mut length: Option<usize> = None;
+    for l in lines {
+        let Some((k, v)) = l.split_once(':') else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let (k, v) = (k.trim().to_ascii_lowercase(), v.trim());
+        if k == "transfer-encoding" && v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("chunked") {
+            chunked = true;
+        } else if k == "content-length" {
+            length = v.parse().ok();
+        }
+    }
+    let body = if chunked {
+        dechunk(body)?
+    } else if let Some(n) = length {
+        body.get(..n)
+            .ok_or_else(|| DaemonError::BadResponse("body shorter than Content-Length".into()))?
+            .to_vec()
+    } else {
+        body.to_vec()
+    };
+    if !(200..300).contains(&status) {
+        return Err(DaemonError::Http {
+            status,
+            body: String::from_utf8_lossy(&body).chars().take(200).collect(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(body)
+}
+
+fn dechunk(mut b: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, DaemonError> {
+    let bad = || DaemonError::BadResponse("bad chunked body".into());
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let eol = b.windows(2).position(|w| w == b"\r\n").ok_or_else(bad)?;
+        let size_txt = std::str::from_utf8(&b[..eol]).map_err(|_| bad())?;
+        let size = usize::from_str_radix(size_txt.split(';').next().unwrap_or("").trim(), 16)
+            .map_err(|_| bad())?;
+        b = &b[eol + 2..];
+        if size == 0 {
+            return Ok(out);
+        }
+        // Checked arithmetic: a huge size must be an error, not a panic.
+        let end = size.checked_add(2).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+        if size > MAX_BODY.saturating_sub(out.len()) || b.len() < end {
+            return Err(bad());
+        }
+        if &b[size..end] != b"\r\n" {
+            return Err(bad());
+        }
+        out.extend_from_slice(&b[..size]);
+        b = &b[end..];
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::os::unix::net::UnixListener;
+    use std::thread;
+
+    /// A short private directory for test sockets: the system temp dir can
+    /// be too long for a Unix socket path (macOS allows 103 bytes).
+    fn short_socket_dir() -> PathBuf {
+        use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering};
+        static N: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(0);
+        let dir = PathBuf::from(format!(
+            "/tmp/hd{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            N.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir(&dir).unwrap();
+        dir
+    }
+
+    fn serve_once(response: Vec<u8>) -> (PathBuf, thread::JoinHandle<String>) {
+        let dir = short_socket_dir();
+        {
+            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+            std::fs::set_permissions(&dir, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+        }
+        let sock = dir.join("hackd.sock");
+        let listener = UnixListener::bind(&sock).unwrap();
+        let h = thread::spawn(move || {
+            let accepted = listener.accept();
+            // Clean up first: the client may already be gone (refused or
+            // dropped), and a failed write must not leave the directory.
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+            let Ok((mut c, _)) = accepted else {
+                return String::new();
+            };
+            let mut buf = [0u8; 4096];
+            let n = c.read(&mut buf).unwrap_or(0);
+            let _ = c.write_all(&response);
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf[..n]).into_owned()
+        });
+        (sock, h)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reads_status_with_content_length() {
+        let (sock, h) = serve_once(
+            b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: application/json\r\nContent-Length: 35\r\n\r\n{\"status\":\"ok\",\"version\":\"5.0.0\"}  "
+                .to_vec(),
+        );
+        let s = DaemonClient::new(&sock, Duration::from_secs(2))
+            .status()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.version, "5.0.0");
+        let req = h.join().unwrap();
+        assert!(req.starts_with("GET /v1/status HTTP/1.1\r\n"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reads_chunked_projects() {
+        let parts = [r#"{"projects":[{""#, r#"name":"a"}],"x":1}"#];
+        let mut resp = b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n".to_vec();
+        for p in parts {
+            resp.extend(format!("{:x}\r\n{p}\r\n", p.len()).into_bytes());
+        }
+        resp.extend(b"0\r\n\r\n");
+        let (sock, h) = serve_once(resp);
+        let p = DaemonClient::new(&sock, Duration::from_secs(2))
+            .projects()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.projects[0].name, "a");
+        h.join().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn http_error_is_reported() {
+        let (sock, h) = serve_once(
+            b"HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Length: 21\r\n\r\n{\"error\":\"not_found\"}"
+                .to_vec(),
+        );
+        let r = DaemonClient::new(&sock, Duration::from_secs(2)).status();
+        assert!(matches!(r, Err(DaemonError::Http { status: 404, .. })));
+        h.join().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn malformed_chunks_are_errors_not_panics() {
+        let huge = format!(
+            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n{:x}\r\nab\r\n0\r\n\r\n",
+            usize::MAX
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(
+            parse_http(huge.as_bytes()),
+            Err(DaemonError::BadResponse(_))
+        ));
+        let bad_delim = b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n2\r\nabXY0\r\n\r\n";
+        assert!(matches!(
+            parse_http(bad_delim),
+            Err(DaemonError::BadResponse(_))
+        ));
+        let short = b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\nff\r\nab";
+        assert!(matches!(
+            parse_http(short),
+            Err(DaemonError::BadResponse(_))
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn group_writable_daemon_dir_is_not_trusted() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let (sock, h) = serve_once(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 2\r\n\r\n{}".to_vec());
+        let dir = sock.parent().unwrap().to_path_buf();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&dir, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o770)).unwrap();
+        let r = DaemonClient::new(&sock, Duration::from_secs(2)).status();
+        assert!(matches!(r, Err(DaemonError::Untrusted(_))), "{r:?}");
+        // Release the test server so its thread ends.
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&dir, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+        drop(UnixStream::connect(&sock));
+        let _ = h.join();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn own_peer_passes_the_peer_check() {
+        let (a, _b) = UnixStream::pair().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(peer_uid(&a), Some(current_uid()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn an_over_long_socket_path_is_a_clear_error_not_a_panic() {
+        let long = PathBuf::from(format!("/tmp/{}/hackd.sock", "x".repeat(200)));
+        let r = DaemonClient::new(&long, Duration::from_millis(100)).status();
+        match r {
+            Err(DaemonError::Unreachable(m)) => assert!(m.contains("socket path"), "{m}"),
+            other => panic!("{other:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn missing_socket_is_unreachable() {
+        let r = DaemonClient::new("/nonexistent/hackd.sock", Duration::from_millis(100)).status();
+        assert!(matches!(r, Err(DaemonError::Unreachable(_))));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn socket_path_resolution() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            default_socket_path(Some("/tmp/hh"), Some("/u")),
+            Some(PathBuf::from("/tmp/hh/daemon/hackd.sock"))
+        );
+        // A relative HACK_HOME is ignored, as the CLI requires an absolute one.
+        assert_eq!(
+            default_socket_path(Some("rel"), Some("/u")),
+            Some(PathBuf::from("/u/.hack/daemon/hackd.sock"))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(default_socket_path(None, None), None);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/fixtures.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/fixtures.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e32b708c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/fixtures.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+//! Canned data for every state in `apps/desktop/DESIGN.md`, so each view can
+//! be shown and tested without a daemon, Docker or a Hack home.
+//!
+//! Project and host names are placeholders.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use crate::models::{
+    Autostart, AutostartFailures, Container, DaemonApiStatus, DoctorCheck, DoctorReport,
+    InputDiagnostic, LogEntry, ProjectRow, ProjectRuntime, ProjectsPayload, RuntimeService,
+};
+use crate::source::{Snapshot, SourceError};
+use crate::state::{Action, LocalContext};
+
+/// Every designed state that can be shown with `--fixtures <name>`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Fixture {
+    // List states.
+    Loading,
+    Empty,
+    DaemonDown,
+    DaemonMismatch,
+    EngineDown,
+    Error,
+    CliMissing,
+    /// More projects than fit in the sidebar, and more services than fit
+    /// in the detail pane (both scroll).
+    ManyProjects,
+    // Detail states (selected project).
+    Stopped,
+    Starting,
+    Running,
+    Degraded,
+    Stopping,
+    FailedStart,
+    NeedsAttention,
+}
+
+impl Fixture {
+    pub const ALL: [Self; 15] = [
+        Self::Loading,
+        Self::Empty,
+        Self::DaemonDown,
+        Self::DaemonMismatch,
+        Self::EngineDown,
+        Self::Error,
+        Self::CliMissing,
+        Self::ManyProjects,
+        Self::Stopped,
+        Self::Starting,
+        Self::Running,
+        Self::Degraded,
+        Self::Stopping,
+        Self::FailedStart,
+        Self::NeedsAttention,
+    ];
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Loading => "loading",
+            Self::Empty => "empty",
+            Self::DaemonDown => "daemon-down",
+            Self::DaemonMismatch => "daemon-mismatch",
+            Self::EngineDown => "engine-down",
+            Self::Error => "error",
+            Self::CliMissing => "cli-missing",
+            Self::ManyProjects => "many-projects",
+            Self::Stopped => "stopped",
+            Self::Starting => "starting",
+            Self::Running => "running",
+            Self::Degraded => "degraded",
+            Self::Stopping => "stopping",
+            Self::FailedStart => "failed-start",
+            Self::NeedsAttention => "needs-attention",
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn parse(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        Self::ALL.into_iter().find(|f| f.name() == name)
+    }
+}
+
+pub const CLI_VERSION: &str = "5.0.0";
+
+fn container(state: &str, status: &str) -> Container {
+    Container {
+        id: None,
+        name: None,
+        state: state.into(),
+        status: status.into(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn svc(name: &str, c: Container) -> RuntimeService {
+    RuntimeService {
+        service: name.into(),
+        containers: vec![c],
+    }
+}
+
+fn storefront(services: Vec<RuntimeService>, status: &str) -> ProjectRow {
+    let mut hosts = BTreeMap::new();
+    hosts.insert("api".into(), vec!["api.storefront.hack".into()]);
+    hosts.insert("web".into(), vec!["storefront.hack".into()]);
+    ProjectRow {
+        project_id: Some("p-storefront".into()),
+        name: "storefront".into(),
+        dev_host: Some("storefront.hack".into()),
+        repo_root: Some("/work/storefront".into()),
+        status: status.into(),
+        runtime_status: Some(status.into()),
+        kind: Some("registered".into()),
+        defined_services: vec!["api".into(), "db".into(), "web".into(), "worker".into()],
+        service_hosts: hosts,
+        runtime: Some(ProjectRuntime {
+            project: Some("storefront".into()),
+            services,
+        }),
+        backend: Some("compose".into()),
+        ..ProjectRow::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn all_up() -> Vec<RuntimeService> {
+    vec![
+        svc("api", container("running", "Up 2 hours (healthy)")),
+        svc("db", container("running", "Up 2 hours")),
+        svc("web", container("running", "Up 2 hours")),
+        svc("worker", container("running", "Up 2 hours")),
+    ]
+}
+
+fn simple(name: &str, status: &str, backend: &str, always_on: bool) -> ProjectRow {
+    let up = status == "running";
+    ProjectRow {
+        project_id: Some(format!("p-{name}")),
+        name: name.into(),
+        dev_host: Some(format!("{name}.hack")),
+        repo_root: Some(format!("/work/{name}")),
+        status: if backend == "native" {
+            "unavailable".into()
+        } else {
+            status.into()
+        },
+        // Native rows carry no Compose data; services come from native ps.
+        defined_services: if backend == "native" {
+            vec![]
+        } else {
+            vec!["app".into()]
+        },
+        runtime: (backend != "native").then(|| ProjectRuntime {
+            project: Some(name.into()),
+            services: if up {
+                vec![svc("app", container("running", "Up 3 days"))]
+            } else {
+                vec![]
+            },
+        }),
+        backend: (backend != "native").then(|| backend.into()),
+        // Legacy project views refuse native projects with this diagnostic;
+        // the source then reads native `hack ps`.
+        input_diagnostic: (backend == "native").then(|| InputDiagnostic {
+            code: crate::models::NATIVE_PROJECT_CODE.into(),
+            message: "Native hack.project.json marks this project.".into(),
+        }),
+        native: (backend == "native").then(|| crate::models::NativePs {
+            status: if up { "observed" } else { "not_started" }.into(),
+            items: if up {
+                vec![crate::models::NativePsItem {
+                    service: "app".into(),
+                    state: "running".into(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                }]
+            } else {
+                vec![]
+            },
+        }),
+        autostart: always_on.then(|| Autostart {
+            enabled: true,
+            state: "on".into(),
+            ..Autostart::default()
+        }),
+        ..ProjectRow::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn others() -> Vec<ProjectRow> {
+    vec![
+        simple("docs-site", "running", "native", true),
+        simple("billing-api", "stopped", "compose", false),
+        simple("notes", "stopped", "compose", false),
+    ]
+}
+
+/// The projects payload for a fixture.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn project(f: Fixture) -> ProjectsPayload {
+    let main = match f {
+        Fixture::Stopped | Fixture::Starting => storefront(vec![], "stopped"),
+        Fixture::Degraded => {
+            let mut s = all_up();
+            s[3] = svc("worker", container("exited", "Exited (1) 4 minutes ago"));
+            storefront(s, "running")
+        }
+        Fixture::FailedStart => storefront(
+            vec![
+                svc("api", container("exited", "Exited (1) 20 seconds ago")),
+                svc("db", container("exited", "Exited (0) 20 seconds ago")),
+                svc("worker", container("exited", "Exited (2) 20 seconds ago")),
+            ],
+            "stopped",
+        ),
+        Fixture::NeedsAttention => {
+            let mut r = storefront(vec![], "stopped");
+            r.autostart = Some(Autostart {
+                enabled: true,
+                state: "needs_attention".into(),
+                paused_reason: None,
+                failures: AutostartFailures {
+                    count: 3,
+                    last_at: Some("2026-01-01T09:00:00Z".into()),
+                    failed_services: vec!["api".into()],
+                    last_error_code: Some("E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE".into()),
+                },
+            });
+            r
+        }
+        Fixture::EngineDown => {
+            let mut r = storefront(vec![], "unknown");
+            r.runtime = None;
+            r
+        }
+        _ => storefront(all_up(), "running"),
+    };
+    let mut projects = vec![main];
+    projects.extend(others());
+    if f == Fixture::NeedsAttention {
+        // Unrelated: a second way to need attention.
+        projects[3].input_diagnostic = Some(InputDiagnostic {
+            code: "E_CONFIG_INVALID".into(),
+            message: "hack.config.json is not valid JSON".into(),
+        });
+    }
+    if f == Fixture::EngineDown {
+        for p in &mut projects {
+            p.status = "unknown".into();
+            p.runtime = None;
+            if p.native.is_some() {
+                p.native = Some(crate::models::NativePs {
+                    status: "runtime_not_running".into(),
+                    items: vec![],
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ProjectsPayload {
+        generated_at: Some("2026-01-01T09:00:00Z".into()),
+        detail_level: None,
+        runtime_ok: Some(f != Fixture::EngineDown),
+        runtime_error: (f == Fixture::EngineDown)
+            .then(|| "Cannot connect to the Docker daemon".into()),
+        projects,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The project a fixture selects in the detail pane.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn selected(_f: Fixture) -> &'static str {
+    "storefront"
+}
+
+/// The app-side context (in-flight action, last failure) for a fixture.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn local(f: Fixture) -> LocalContext {
+    match f {
+        Fixture::Starting => LocalContext {
+            in_flight: Some(Action::Start),
+            last_failed: vec![],
+        },
+        Fixture::Stopping => LocalContext {
+            in_flight: Some(Action::Stop),
+            last_failed: vec![],
+        },
+        _ => LocalContext::default(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn doctor(f: Fixture) -> DoctorReport {
+    let mut checks = vec![
+        DoctorCheck {
+            id: "docker daemon".into(),
+            status: if f == Fixture::EngineDown {
+                "error"
+            } else {
+                "ok"
+            }
+            .into(),
+            detail: String::new(),
+        },
+        DoctorCheck {
+            id: "caddy local ca".into(),
+            status: "warn".into(),
+            detail: "Local CA is not trusted by the system".into(),
+        },
+    ];
+    if f == Fixture::NeedsAttention {
+        checks.push(DoctorCheck {
+            id: "project config".into(),
+            status: "error".into(),
+            detail: "notes: hack.config.json is not valid JSON".into(),
+        });
+    }
+    DoctorReport {
+        checks,
+        summary: vec![],
+    }
+}
+
+/// A complete snapshot for a fixture, as the live source would produce it.
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// Returns the error a live source would report for `Error` and `CliMissing`.
+pub fn snapshot(f: Fixture) -> Result<Snapshot, SourceError> {
+    match f {
+        Fixture::Loading => return Err(SourceError::Pending),
+        Fixture::CliMissing => return Err(SourceError::CliMissing),
+        Fixture::Error => {
+            return Err(SourceError::Cli {
+                code: "E_UNEXPECTED".into(),
+                message: "projects registry could not be read".into(),
+                failed: vec![],
+            });
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+    let mut projects = project(f);
+    if f == Fixture::Empty {
+        projects.projects.clear();
+    }
+    if f == Fixture::ManyProjects {
+        // The selected project also has more services than fit (scrolling).
+        if let Some(main) = projects.projects.first_mut() {
+            for i in 1..=24 {
+                let name = format!("job-{i:02}");
+                main.defined_services.push(name.clone());
+                if let Some(rt) = main.runtime.as_mut() {
+                    rt.services
+                        .push(svc(&name, container("running", "Up 2 hours")));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for i in 1..=40 {
+            let status = if i % 3 == 0 { "running" } else { "stopped" };
+            projects
+                .projects
+                .push(simple(&format!("project-{i:02}"), status, "compose", false));
+        }
+    }
+    let daemon = match f {
+        Fixture::DaemonDown => None,
+        Fixture::DaemonMismatch => Some(DaemonApiStatus {
+            status: "ok".into(),
+            version: "4.3.0".into(),
+            ..DaemonApiStatus::default()
+        }),
+        _ => Some(DaemonApiStatus {
+            status: "ok".into(),
+            version: CLI_VERSION.into(),
+            ..DaemonApiStatus::default()
+        }),
+    };
+    Ok(Snapshot {
+        cli_version: CLI_VERSION.into(),
+        projects,
+        daemon,
+        doctor: Some(doctor(f)),
+    })
+}
+
+/// A short log tail for the selected project.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn log_tail(f: Fixture) -> Vec<LogEntry> {
+    let line = |service: &str, level: &str, message: &str| LogEntry {
+        service: Some(service.into()),
+        message: message.into(),
+        stream: Some("stdout".into()),
+        timestamp: Some("09:00:01".into()),
+        level: Some(level.into()),
+        truncated: None,
+    };
+    match f {
+        Fixture::Stopped
+        | Fixture::Loading
+        | Fixture::Empty
+        | Fixture::CliMissing
+        | Fixture::EngineDown => vec![],
+        Fixture::FailedStart => vec![
+            line(
+                "db",
+                "info",
+                "database system is ready to accept connections",
+            ),
+            line("api", "error", "Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:6379"),
+            line("worker", "error", "fatal: missing required env QUEUE_URL"),
+        ],
+        Fixture::Degraded => vec![
+            line("api", "info", "GET /health 200 2ms"),
+            line("worker", "error", "panic: queue connection lost"),
+            line("web", "info", "ready on :3000"),
+        ],
+        _ => vec![
+            line("db", "info", "checkpoint complete"),
+            line("api", "info", "GET /health 200 2ms"),
+            line("web", "info", "ready on :3000"),
+            line("worker", "info", "processed 12 jobs"),
+        ],
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn names_round_trip() {
+        for f in Fixture::ALL {
+            assert_eq!(Fixture::parse(f.name()), Some(f));
+        }
+        assert_eq!(Fixture::parse("nope"), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn every_fixture_has_a_snapshot_or_designed_error() {
+        for f in Fixture::ALL {
+            match (f, snapshot(f)) {
+                (Fixture::Loading, Err(SourceError::Pending))
+                | (Fixture::CliMissing, Err(SourceError::CliMissing))
+                | (Fixture::Error, Err(SourceError::Cli { .. })) => {}
+                (_, Ok(s)) => assert_eq!(s.projects.projects.is_empty(), f == Fixture::Empty),
+                (f, other) => panic!("{f:?}: {other:?}"),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fixtures_hold_no_private_paths() {
+        for f in Fixture::ALL {
+            let json = serde_json::to_string(&project(f)).unwrap();
+            assert!(!json.contains("/home/") && !json.contains("/Users/"));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/lib.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..346879338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//! Hack desktop app core: no GUI dependency.
+//!
+//! - [`models`]: typed views of `hack ... --json` and `hackd` payloads.
+//! - [`runner`]: runs the CLI as the user with timeouts.
+//! - [`daemon`]: read-only `hackd` socket client.
+//! - [`state`]: project display state and actions.
+//! - [`viewmodel`]: list and detail state machines.
+//! - [`source`]: live and fixture data sources; [`fixtures`]: canned states.
+//!
+//! The app keeps no state of its own beyond window layout and holds no
+//! credentials; every action is one CLI command.
+
+pub mod daemon;
+pub mod fixtures;
+pub mod models;
+pub mod runner;
+pub mod source;
+pub mod state;
+pub mod viewmodel;
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/models.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/models.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8aafb9d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/models.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+//! Typed views of what `hack ... --json` and `hackd` return.
+//!
+//! Every struct is lenient (`#[serde(default)]`): the CLI adds fields over
+//! time and the app must keep working on older and newer payloads. Unknown
+//! fields are ignored; missing ones take their default. Values that the app
+//! cannot interpret stay as strings, so "unknown" is never turned into
+//! "stopped".
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize};
+
+/// Treat an explicit JSON `null` like a missing field. The CLI emits `null`
+/// for collections of projects it could not read (missing Compose file,
+/// input diagnostic); one such row must not fail the whole payload.
+fn null_default<'de, D, T>(d: D) -> Result<T, D::Error>
+where
+    D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    T: Default + Deserialize<'de>,
+{
+    Ok(Option::<T>::deserialize(d)?.unwrap_or_default())
+}
+
+/// `GET /v1/projects` and `hack projects --json` (same shape).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct ProjectsPayload {
+    pub generated_at: Option<String>,
+    pub detail_level: Option<String>,
+    /// `false` when the container runtime could not be read.
+    pub runtime_ok: Option<bool>,
+    pub runtime_error: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub projects: Vec<ProjectRow>,
+}
+
+impl ProjectsPayload {
+    /// Parse a payload that must carry a `projects` array. `{}` or a
+    /// payload without it is malformed, not an empty registry.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// A message naming what is wrong.
+    pub fn from_value(v: serde_json::Value) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        if !v.get("projects").is_some_and(serde_json::Value::is_array) {
+            return Err("projects payload has no projects array".into());
+        }
+        serde_json::from_value(v).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+    }
+
+    /// The engine is known to be unavailable (not merely unreported).
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn engine_down(&self) -> bool {
+        self.runtime_ok == Some(false)
+    }
+}
+
+/// One project row. Holds the union of the summary and full row fields.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct ProjectRow {
+    pub project_id: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub name: String,
+    pub dev_host: Option<String>,
+    pub repo_root: Option<String>,
+    /// `running | stopped | missing | unregistered | unavailable | unknown`.
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub status: String,
+    /// Adds `not_configured` to the `status` values.
+    pub runtime_status: Option<String>,
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub defined_services: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub service_hosts: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, Vec<String>>,
+    pub input_diagnostic: Option<InputDiagnostic>,
+    pub runtime: Option<ProjectRuntime>,
+    // Summary-only counters.
+    pub defined_service_count: Option<u32>,
+    pub container_count: Option<u32>,
+    pub running_container_count: Option<u32>,
+    /// Not in the CLI yet (design request R12): always-on state.
+    pub autostart: Option<Autostart>,
+    /// Not in the CLI yet (design request R2): `compose` or `native`.
+    pub backend: Option<String>,
+    /// Native observation from `hack ps --json` (filled by the source).
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub native: Option<NativePs>,
+}
+
+/// Project views refuse canonical native projects with this code.
+pub const NATIVE_PROJECT_CODE: &str = "E_NATIVE_PROJECT_UNSUPPORTED";
+
+impl ProjectRow {
+    /// A native-backend project: reported by `backend`, or recognised by the
+    /// input diagnostic legacy project views return for it.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_native(&self) -> bool {
+        self.backend.as_deref() == Some("native")
+            || self
+                .input_diagnostic
+                .as_ref()
+                .is_some_and(|d| d.code == NATIVE_PROJECT_CODE)
+    }
+}
+
+/// `HACK_RUNTIME_BACKEND=native hack ps --json` → `data`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct NativePs {
+    /// `not_started | pending | runtime_not_running | runtime_busy |
+    /// provider_pin_changed | observed | owner_unconfirmed | runtime_degraded`.
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub status: String,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub items: Vec<NativePsItem>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct NativePsItem {
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub service: String,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub state: String,
+    pub health: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(rename = "exitCode")]
+    pub exit_code: Option<i32>,
+    /// `started | healthy | completed` when the native runtime reports it.
+    pub readiness: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct InputDiagnostic {
+    pub code: String,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct ProjectRuntime {
+    pub project: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub services: Vec<RuntimeService>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct RuntimeService {
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub service: String,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub containers: Vec<Container>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Container {
+    pub id: Option<String>,
+    pub name: Option<String>,
+    /// Docker state: `running`, `exited`, `created`, `restarting`, ...
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub state: String,
+    /// Docker status text, for example `Up 5 minutes (healthy)`.
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub status: String,
+}
+
+impl Container {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state.eq_ignore_ascii_case("running")
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_unhealthy(&self) -> bool {
+        self.status.contains("(unhealthy)")
+    }
+
+    /// Exit code from Docker's exited or restarting status text.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn exit_code(&self) -> Option<i32> {
+        let rest = self
+            .status
+            .strip_prefix("Exited (")
+            .or_else(|| self.status.strip_prefix("Restarting ("))?;
+        rest.split(')').next()?.trim().parse().ok()
+    }
+
+    /// Uptime text from a status like `Up 2 hours (healthy)`.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn uptime(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        let rest = self.status.strip_prefix("Up ")?;
+        Some(rest.split(" (").next().unwrap_or(rest).trim())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Always-on state as designed for HACK-2213 (not yet emitted by the CLI).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct Autostart {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    /// `off | on | paused | starting | needs_attention`.
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub state: String,
+    pub paused_reason: Option<String>,
+    pub failures: AutostartFailures,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct AutostartFailures {
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub last_at: Option<String>,
+    pub failed_services: Vec<String>,
+    pub last_error_code: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// `GET /v1/status` on the hackd socket.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct DaemonApiStatus {
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub status: String,
+    pub version: String,
+    pub pid: Option<u32>,
+    pub started_at: Option<String>,
+    pub uptime_ms: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+/// `hack daemon status --json` (raw object, no envelope).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct DaemonStatus {
+    /// `running | starting | incompatible | stale | stopped`.
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub status: String,
+    pub running: bool,
+    pub api_ok: bool,
+    pub api_compatible: Option<bool>,
+    pub stale: bool,
+    pub stale_reason: Option<String>,
+    pub issue: Option<String>,
+    pub next_step: Option<String>,
+    pub pid: Option<u32>,
+    pub service: Option<DaemonService>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct DaemonService {
+    /// `launchd | systemd`.
+    pub manager: Option<String>,
+    pub available: bool,
+    pub installed: bool,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub active: bool,
+    pub summary: Option<String>,
+    pub next_step: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// `hack doctor --json` → `data`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct DoctorReport {
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub checks: Vec<DoctorCheck>,
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub summary: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct DoctorCheck {
+    pub id: String,
+    /// `ok | warn | error`.
+    #[serde(deserialize_with = "null_default")]
+    pub status: String,
+    pub detail: String,
+}
+
+impl DoctorReport {
+    /// Findings that need the user (warn + error), shown as the sidebar badge.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn attention_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.checks.iter().filter(|c| c.status != "ok").count()
+    }
+}
+
+/// `hack up|down|restart --json` → `data`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct LifecycleResult {
+    pub action: String,
+    pub project: String,
+    pub services: LifecycleServices,
+    #[serde(rename = "durationMs")]
+    pub duration_ms: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct LifecycleServices {
+    pub started: Vec<String>,
+    pub completed: Vec<String>,
+    pub stopped: Vec<String>,
+    pub failed: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// `hack open --json`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct OpenResult {
+    pub url: String,
+    pub hint: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// One line of `hack logs --json` (ndjson).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct LogEvent {
+    /// `start | log | notice | heartbeat | error | end`.
+    #[serde(rename = "type")]
+    pub kind: String,
+    pub ts: Option<String>,
+    pub backend: Option<String>,
+    pub entry: Option<LogEntry>,
+    pub message: Option<String>,
+    pub reason: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct LogEntry {
+    pub service: Option<String>,
+    pub message: String,
+    pub stream: Option<String>,
+    pub timestamp: Option<String>,
+    pub level: Option<String>,
+    pub truncated: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+/// The `{ok:false,error}` half of the CLI result envelope.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct CliError {
+    pub code: String,
+    pub message: String,
+    /// Structured detail, for example `E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE`'s
+    /// `{running, completed, failed}` service lists.
+    pub detail: Option<serde_json::Value>,
+}
+
+impl CliError {
+    /// Services named in `detail.failed` (startup failures).
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn failed_services(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.detail
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|d| d.get("failed"))
+            .and_then(|f| f.as_array())
+            .map(|a| {
+                a.iter()
+                    .filter_map(|v| v.as_str().map(str::to_owned))
+                    .collect()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn container_status_parsing() {
+        let up = Container {
+            state: "running".into(),
+            status: "Up 2 hours (healthy)".into(),
+            ..Container::default()
+        };
+        assert!(up.is_running());
+        assert_eq!(up.uptime(), Some("2 hours"));
+        assert_eq!(up.exit_code(), None);
+
+        let exited = Container {
+            state: "exited".into(),
+            status: "Exited (137) 3 minutes ago".into(),
+            ..Container::default()
+        };
+        assert!(!exited.is_running());
+        assert_eq!(exited.exit_code(), Some(137));
+        assert_eq!(exited.uptime(), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn projects_payload_is_lenient() {
+        let raw = r#"{"generated_at":"t","runtime_ok":true,"unknown_field":1,
+          "projects":[{"name":"alpha","status":"running","extra":{"x":1}}]}"#;
+        let p: ProjectsPayload = serde_json::from_str(raw).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.projects[0].name, "alpha");
+        assert!(p.projects[0].defined_services.is_empty());
+        assert!(!p.engine_down());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn explicit_nulls_do_not_fail_the_payload() {
+        // Shape of an unreadable row from serializeProjectView().
+        let raw = r#"{"projects":[{"name":"broken","status":"unavailable",
+          "defined_services":null,"service_hosts":null,"runtime":null,
+          "input_diagnostic":{"code":"E_CONFIG_INVALID","message":"bad"}},
+          {"name":"ok","status":"running","defined_services":["api"]}]}"#;
+        let p: ProjectsPayload = serde_json::from_str(raw).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.projects.len(), 2);
+        assert!(p.projects[0].defined_services.is_empty());
+        assert!(p.projects[0].service_hosts.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn payload_without_projects_is_malformed() {
+        assert!(ProjectsPayload::from_value(serde_json::json!({})).is_err());
+        assert!(ProjectsPayload::from_value(serde_json::json!({"projects": null})).is_err());
+        assert!(ProjectsPayload::from_value(serde_json::json!({"projects": []})).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn startup_failure_detail_is_kept() {
+        let e: CliError = serde_json::from_str(
+            r#"{"code":"E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE","message":"m","detail":{"running":["db"],"completed":[],"failed":["api","worker"]}}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(e.failed_services(), vec!["api", "worker"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn doctor_attention_count() {
+        let r: DoctorReport = serde_json::from_str(
+            r#"{"checks":[{"id":"a","status":"ok"},{"id":"b","status":"warn"},{"id":"c","status":"error"}]}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r.attention_count(), 2);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/runner.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/runner.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e41886c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/runner.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,911 @@
+//! Runs `hack ... --json` as the user, with a timeout.
+//!
+//! Contract:
+//! - Each command runs in its own process group. On timeout the whole group
+//!   is killed (SIGKILL) and reaped, so no `docker compose` child outlives it.
+//! - stdout is parsed as JSON. The CLI result envelope (`{ok,data}` /
+//!   `{ok:false,error}`) is unwrapped; raw objects are returned as they are.
+//! - stderr is kept (last 8 KB) only for error messages; it is never parsed.
+//! - `HACK_NO_INTERACTIVE=1` is always set: the app never answers prompts.
+
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use crate::models::{CliError, LogEvent};
+
+const STDERR_KEEP: usize = 8 * 1024;
+/// Most stdout kept from one command; more is an error (`OutputTooLarge`),
+/// never silently parsed half-way. Far above any real `--json` result.
+pub const MAX_STDOUT: usize = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum RunError {
+    /// The `hack` executable was not found.
+    NotFound,
+    Spawn(String),
+    Timeout {
+        after: Duration,
+    },
+    /// The CLI returned an error envelope.
+    Cli(CliError),
+    /// Non-zero exit without an error envelope.
+    Exit {
+        code: Option<i32>,
+        stderr: String,
+    },
+    /// stdout was not the JSON we expected.
+    BadJson {
+        error: String,
+        stdout_head: String,
+    },
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for RunError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::NotFound => write!(f, "hack was not found on PATH"),
+            Self::Spawn(e) => write!(f, "could not run hack: {e}"),
+            Self::Timeout { after } => write!(f, "hack did not answer within {after:?}"),
+            Self::Cli(e) => write!(f, "{}: {}", e.code, e.message),
+            Self::Exit { code, stderr } => {
+                write!(f, "hack exited with {code:?}: {}", stderr.trim())
+            }
+            Self::BadJson { error, .. } => write!(f, "unexpected output from hack: {error}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct CliRunner {
+    program: PathBuf,
+    env: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    /// `on_path` found no executable: spawn reports `NotFound`.
+    missing: bool,
+    /// How long a timed-out command gets after SIGTERM before SIGKILL.
+    term_grace: Duration,
+}
+
+/// Default grace after SIGTERM. The CLI forwards SIGTERM to the detached
+/// subprocess groups it owns (for example a Compose build) and waits for
+/// them; SIGKILL alone would orphan those and kill the CLI's own timer.
+pub const TERM_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(15);
+
+impl CliRunner {
+    /// Run `program` (normally `hack`, resolved through PATH).
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(program: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            program: program.into(),
+            env: vec![("HACK_NO_INTERACTIVE".into(), "1".into())],
+            missing: false,
+            term_grace: TERM_GRACE,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Change the SIGTERM-to-SIGKILL grace for timed-out commands.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_term_grace(mut self, grace: Duration) -> Self {
+        self.term_grace = grace;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Find `name` on `PATH` and run it by absolute path.
+    ///
+    /// Only absolute `PATH` entries are searched: an empty or relative entry
+    /// (such as `.`) would resolve against the working directory, which
+    /// another local user may control. When nothing is found the runner
+    /// reports `NotFound` without spawning anything.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn on_path(name: &str) -> Self {
+        let path = std::env::var_os("PATH");
+        match resolve_on_path(name, path.as_deref()) {
+            Some(p) => Self::new(p),
+            None => {
+                let mut r = Self::new(name);
+                r.missing = true;
+                r
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Add an environment variable for every command (tests use this for
+    /// a temporary `HACK_HOME`).
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_env(mut self, key: &str, value: &str) -> Self {
+        self.env.push((key.into(), value.into()));
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn command(&self, args: &[&str], path: Option<&Path>) -> Command {
+        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
+        let mut cmd = Command::new(&self.program);
+        cmd.args(args);
+        if let Some(p) = path {
+            cmd.arg("--path").arg(p);
+        }
+        // Children (and their own children, such as `docker` run by
+        // `hack doctor`) get a PATH with only absolute entries: an empty or
+        // relative entry would resolve against the working directory.
+        if let Some(path) = std::env::var_os("PATH") {
+            cmd.env("PATH", sanitize_path(&path));
+        }
+        for (k, v) in &self.env {
+            cmd.env(k, v);
+        }
+        cmd.stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            .process_group(0);
+        cmd
+    }
+
+    fn spawn(&self, args: &[&str], path: Option<&Path>) -> Result<Child, RunError> {
+        if self.missing {
+            return Err(RunError::NotFound);
+        }
+        // ETXTBSY: the executable was just written (a fresh upgrade, or a test
+        // script whose write descriptor a concurrent fork still holds). Retry
+        // briefly instead of reporting a spawn failure.
+        let mut attempt = 0;
+        loop {
+            match self.command(args, path).spawn() {
+                Ok(c) => return Ok(c),
+                Err(e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::ETXTBSY) && attempt < 20 => {
+                    attempt += 1;
+                    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
+                }
+                Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+                    return Err(RunError::NotFound);
+                }
+                Err(e) => return Err(RunError::Spawn(e.to_string())),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run and return raw stdout, stderr tail and exit code.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// `NotFound`, `Spawn` or `Timeout`.
+    pub fn run_raw(
+        &self,
+        args: &[&str],
+        path: Option<&Path>,
+        timeout: Duration,
+    ) -> Result<(String, String, Option<i32>), RunError> {
+        self.run_inner(args, path, Some(timeout))
+    }
+
+    /// Run with no deadline from the app: wait until the command exits and
+    /// its output pipes close. For lifecycle commands, whose timeouts the
+    /// CLI owns; terminating them from outside can orphan the detached
+    /// build subprocesses the CLI starts.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Any [`RunError`] except `Timeout`.
+    pub fn run_json_to_completion<T: DeserializeOwned>(
+        &self,
+        args: &[&str],
+        path: Option<&Path>,
+    ) -> Result<T, RunError> {
+        let (stdout, stderr, code) = self.run_inner(args, path, None)?;
+        let value = parse_result(&stdout, &stderr, code)?;
+        serde_json::from_value(value).map_err(|e| RunError::BadJson {
+            error: e.to_string(),
+            stdout_head: head(&stdout),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn run_inner(
+        &self,
+        args: &[&str],
+        path: Option<&Path>,
+        timeout: Option<Duration>,
+    ) -> Result<(String, String, Option<i32>), RunError> {
+        let mut child = self.spawn(args, path)?;
+        let out = read_all(child.stdout.take(), Keep::Head(MAX_STDOUT));
+        let err = read_all(child.stderr.take(), Keep::Tail(STDERR_KEEP));
+        let deadline = timeout.map(|t| (Instant::now() + t, t));
+        let status = loop {
+            match child.try_wait() {
+                Ok(Some(s)) => break s,
+                Ok(None) if deadline.is_some_and(|(d, _)| Instant::now() >= d) => {
+                    terminate_group(&mut child, self.term_grace);
+                    let after = deadline.map_or(Duration::ZERO, |(_, t)| t);
+                    return Err(RunError::Timeout { after });
+                }
+                Ok(None) => thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)),
+                Err(e) => return Err(RunError::Spawn(e.to_string())),
+            }
+        };
+        // A deadline also covers draining: a descendant that keeps a pipe
+        // open after `hack` exits must not hold the caller past the timeout.
+        // Without a deadline, wait for the pipes to close.
+        let grace = self.term_grace;
+        let drain = |rx: &mpsc::Receiver<Drained>, child: &mut Child| match deadline {
+            Some((d, t)) => {
+                let left = d.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now());
+                rx.recv_timeout(left).map_err(|_| {
+                    terminate_group(child, grace);
+                    RunError::Timeout { after: t }
+                })
+            }
+            None => rx
+                .recv()
+                .map_err(|_| RunError::Spawn("output reader stopped".into())),
+        };
+        let stdout = drain(&out, &mut child)?;
+        let stderr = drain(&err, &mut child)?;
+        if let Some(e) = stdout.error.as_ref().or(stderr.error.as_ref()) {
+            return Err(RunError::Spawn(format!(
+                "reading the command's output failed: {e}"
+            )));
+        }
+        if stdout.overflow {
+            return Err(RunError::BadJson {
+                error: format!("output larger than {MAX_STDOUT} bytes"),
+                stdout_head: head(&stdout.text),
+            });
+        }
+        Ok((stdout.text, stderr.text, status.code()))
+    }
+
+    /// Run a `--json` command and deserialize its (unwrapped) result.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Any [`RunError`].
+    pub fn run_json<T: DeserializeOwned>(
+        &self,
+        args: &[&str],
+        path: Option<&Path>,
+        timeout: Duration,
+    ) -> Result<T, RunError> {
+        let (stdout, stderr, code) = self.run_raw(args, path, timeout)?;
+        let value = parse_result(&stdout, &stderr, code)?;
+        serde_json::from_value(value).map_err(|e| RunError::BadJson {
+            error: e.to_string(),
+            stdout_head: head(&stdout),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// `hack --version` → `"5.0.0"` (text output until request R1).
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Any [`RunError`].
+    pub fn version(&self, timeout: Duration) -> Result<String, RunError> {
+        let (stdout, stderr, code) = self.run_raw(&["--version"], None, timeout)?;
+        if code != Some(0) {
+            return Err(RunError::Exit { code, stderr });
+        }
+        parse_version(&stdout).ok_or_else(|| RunError::BadJson {
+            error: "no version in output".into(),
+            stdout_head: head(&stdout),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Start a long-running ndjson stream (`hack logs --json ...`).
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// `NotFound` or `Spawn`.
+    pub fn stream_logs(&self, args: &[&str], path: Option<&Path>) -> Result<LogStream, RunError> {
+        let mut child = self.spawn(args, path)?;
+        let stdout = child.stdout.take();
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+        let reader = thread::spawn(move || {
+            let Some(stdout) = stdout else { return };
+            for line in BufReader::new(stdout).lines() {
+                let Ok(line) = line else { break };
+                if line.trim().is_empty() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let event = serde_json::from_str::<LogEvent>(&line).unwrap_or_else(|_| LogEvent {
+                    kind: "notice".into(),
+                    message: Some(line),
+                    ..LogEvent::default()
+                });
+                if tx.send(event).is_err() {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        Ok(LogStream {
+            child,
+            rx,
+            reader: Some(reader),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// A running log stream. Dropping it kills the process group.
+pub struct LogStream {
+    child: Child,
+    rx: mpsc::Receiver<LogEvent>,
+    reader: Option<thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
+}
+
+impl LogStream {
+    /// Events received so far, without blocking.
+    pub fn drain(&self) -> Vec<LogEvent> {
+        self.rx.try_iter().collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Wait up to `timeout` for the next event.
+    pub fn next_timeout(&self, timeout: Duration) -> Option<LogEvent> {
+        self.rx.recv_timeout(timeout).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for LogStream {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        kill_group(&mut self.child);
+        if let Some(r) = self.reader.take() {
+            let _ = r.join();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Which part of a pipe to keep while draining it.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum Keep {
+    /// The first `n` bytes; anything beyond marks the output as too large.
+    Head(usize),
+    /// Only the last `n` bytes (a rolling window).
+    Tail(usize),
+}
+
+/// What a drained pipe yielded.
+struct Drained {
+    text: String,
+    overflow: bool,
+    /// A read failed before end of file: the output is incomplete.
+    error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Read a pipe to EOF on a thread, keeping memory bounded the whole time
+/// (a lifecycle command can run for hours and print without limit).
+fn read_all<R: Read + Send + 'static>(r: Option<R>, keep: Keep) -> mpsc::Receiver<Drained> {
+    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+    thread::spawn(move || {
+        let mut buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+        let mut overflow = false;
+        let mut error = None;
+        if let Some(mut r) = r {
+            let mut chunk = [0u8; 16 * 1024];
+            loop {
+                let n = match r.read(&mut chunk) {
+                    Ok(0) => break,
+                    Ok(n) => n,
+                    // A signal interrupted the read; nothing was lost.
+                    Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        error = Some(e.to_string());
+                        break;
+                    }
+                };
+                match keep {
+                    Keep::Head(max) => {
+                        let room = max.saturating_sub(buf.len());
+                        buf.extend_from_slice(&chunk[..n.min(room)]);
+                        overflow |= n > room;
+                    }
+                    Keep::Tail(max) => {
+                        buf.extend_from_slice(&chunk[..n]);
+                        if buf.len() > max {
+                            let cut = buf.len() - max;
+                            buf.drain(..cut);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let _ = tx.send(Drained {
+            text: String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf).into_owned(),
+            overflow,
+            error,
+        });
+    });
+    rx
+}
+
+/// Used when no absolute `PATH` entry remains: an empty `PATH` would make
+/// a shell search its working directory.
+pub const FALLBACK_PATH: &str = "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin";
+
+/// `PATH` with empty and relative entries removed; never empty.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn sanitize_path(path: &std::ffi::OsStr) -> std::ffi::OsString {
+    let kept = std::env::join_paths(std::env::split_paths(path).filter(|d| d.is_absolute()))
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+    if kept.is_empty() {
+        std::ffi::OsString::from(FALLBACK_PATH)
+    } else {
+        kept
+    }
+}
+
+/// Search absolute `PATH` entries for an executable regular file `name`.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn resolve_on_path(name: &str, path: Option<&std::ffi::OsStr>) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+    if name.contains('/') {
+        let p = PathBuf::from(name);
+        return p.is_absolute().then_some(p);
+    }
+    std::env::split_paths(path?)
+        .filter(|dir| dir.is_absolute())
+        .map(|dir| dir.join(name))
+        .find(|p| {
+            std::fs::metadata(p).is_ok_and(|m| m.is_file() && m.permissions().mode() & 0o111 != 0)
+        })
+}
+
+/// Ask the process group to stop (SIGTERM), give the CLI `grace` to retire
+/// the subprocesses it owns, then SIGKILL whatever is left of the group and
+/// reap. Returns only once the direct child has exited.
+fn terminate_group(child: &mut Child, grace: Duration) {
+    if let Ok(pid) = i32::try_from(child.id()) {
+        // SAFETY: plain syscall on the group we created with process_group(0).
+        unsafe {
+            libc::kill(-pid, libc::SIGTERM);
+        }
+    }
+    let until = Instant::now() + grace;
+    while Instant::now() < until {
+        if matches!(child.try_wait(), Ok(Some(_))) {
+            break;
+        }
+        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+    }
+    kill_group(child);
+}
+
+fn kill_group(child: &mut Child) {
+    if let Ok(pid) = i32::try_from(child.id()) {
+        // SAFETY: plain syscall on the group we created with process_group(0).
+        unsafe {
+            libc::kill(-pid, libc::SIGKILL);
+        }
+    }
+    let _ = child.kill();
+    let _ = child.wait();
+}
+
+fn head(s: &str) -> String {
+    s.chars().take(200).collect()
+}
+
+/// Unwrap the CLI result envelope, or return a raw object as is.
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// `Cli` for an error envelope, `Exit` for a non-zero exit with no JSON,
+/// `BadJson` for unparsable stdout.
+pub fn parse_result(stdout: &str, stderr: &str, code: Option<i32>) -> Result<Value, RunError> {
+    let trimmed = stdout.trim();
+    if trimmed.is_empty() {
+        return Err(RunError::Exit {
+            code,
+            stderr: stderr.to_owned(),
+        });
+    }
+    let value: Value = match serde_json::from_str(trimmed) {
+        Ok(v) => v,
+        Err(e) if code == Some(0) => {
+            return Err(RunError::BadJson {
+                error: e.to_string(),
+                stdout_head: head(stdout),
+            });
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            return Err(RunError::Exit {
+                code,
+                stderr: stderr.to_owned(),
+            });
+        }
+    };
+    match value.get("ok").and_then(Value::as_bool) {
+        Some(false) => {
+            let err = value
+                .get("error")
+                .cloned()
+                .and_then(|e| match e {
+                    Value::String(message) => Some(CliError {
+                        code: "E_UNEXPECTED".into(),
+                        message,
+                        detail: None,
+                    }),
+                    other => serde_json::from_value::<CliError>(other).ok(),
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| CliError {
+                    code: "E_UNEXPECTED".into(),
+                    message: head(stdout),
+                    detail: None,
+                });
+            Err(RunError::Cli(err))
+        }
+        Some(true) if value.get("data").is_some() => Ok(value["data"].clone()),
+        // Raw objects. Some commands (doctor, env list) exit 1 on findings
+        // but still print a full report, which the app wants.
+        _ => Ok(value),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `hack v5.0.0` / `5.0.0-next.3` → the version string.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn parse_version(text: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    text.split_whitespace()
+        .map(|w| w.trim_start_matches('v'))
+        .find(|w| w.chars().next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) && w.contains('.'))
+        .map(str::to_owned)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+
+    /// A fake `hack` in a fresh temp dir: a shell script with a fixed body.
+    struct FakeHack {
+        dir: PathBuf,
+    }
+
+    impl FakeHack {
+        fn new(body: &str) -> Self {
+            let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+                "hack-desktop-runner-{}-{}",
+                std::process::id(),
+                rand_suffix()
+            ));
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+            let p = dir.join("hack");
+            std::fs::write(
+                &p,
+                format!(
+                    "#!/bin/sh\nif [ \"$1\" = __warmup ]; then echo '{{}}'; exit 0; fi\n{body}\n"
+                ),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            std::fs::set_permissions(&p, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+            let fake = Self { dir };
+            // macOS may scan a newly written executable on first launch. Keep
+            // that delay outside every test's product-timeout measurement.
+            fake.runner()
+                .run_json::<Value>(&["__warmup"], None, Duration::from_secs(60))
+                .expect("fake CLI warmup");
+            fake
+        }
+        fn runner(&self) -> CliRunner {
+            CliRunner::new(self.dir.join("hack")).with_env("HACK_HOME", &self.dir.to_string_lossy())
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Drop for FakeHack {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&self.dir);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn rand_suffix() -> u128 {
+        std::time::SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_nanos()
+    }
+
+    const T: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unwraps_envelope() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new(
+            r#"echo '{"ok":true,"data":{"action":"up","project":"p","services":{"failed":["api"]}}}'"#,
+        );
+        let r: crate::models::LifecycleResult =
+            f.runner().run_json(&["up", "--json"], None, T).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r.services.failed, vec!["api"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn error_envelope_becomes_cli_error() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new(
+            r#"echo '{"ok":false,"error":{"code":"E_DOCKER_UNAVAILABLE","message":"down"}}'; exit 1"#,
+        );
+        let r = f.runner().run_json::<Value>(&["up"], None, T);
+        assert_eq!(
+            r,
+            Err(RunError::Cli(CliError {
+                code: "E_DOCKER_UNAVAILABLE".into(),
+                message: "down".into(),
+                detail: None,
+            }))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn raw_object_with_nonzero_exit_is_kept() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new(r#"echo '{"checks":[{"id":"x","status":"error"}]}'; exit 1"#);
+        let r: crate::models::DoctorReport = f.runner().run_json(&["doctor"], None, T).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r.attention_count(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn passes_path_and_no_interactive() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new(r#"printf '{"args":"%s","ni":"%s"}' "$*" "$HACK_NO_INTERACTIVE""#);
+        let v: Value = f
+            .runner()
+            .run_json(&["ps", "--json"], Some(Path::new("/work/p")), T)
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v["args"], "ps --json --path /work/p");
+        assert_eq!(v["ni"], "1");
+    }
+
+    /// Evidence that `pid` has exited: `kill(pid, 0)` fails, or (Linux only)
+    /// `/proc` shows a zombie. An unreadable `/proc` is no evidence.
+    fn process_gone(pid: i32) -> bool {
+        // SAFETY: signal 0 only checks existence.
+        if unsafe { libc::kill(pid, 0) } != 0 {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
+            return std::fs::read_to_string(format!("/proc/{pid}/stat"))
+                .is_ok_and(|s| s.contains(") Z "));
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timeout_kills_the_process_group() {
+        // The child spawns a grandchild that would outlive a plain kill.
+        // FakeHack warms the script before this timed run; `ready` proves
+        // the body ran, rather than timing out before it exercised cleanup.
+        let f = FakeHack::new(
+            "echo ready > \"$HACK_HOME/ready\"\nsleep 30 &\necho $! > \"$HACK_HOME/grandchild\"\nwait",
+        );
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        let r = f
+            .runner()
+            .with_term_grace(Duration::from_millis(500))
+            .run_json::<Value>(&["up"], None, Duration::from_secs(2));
+        assert!(matches!(r, Err(RunError::Timeout { .. })), "{r:?}");
+        assert!(f.dir.join("ready").exists(), "the fake CLI never started");
+        assert!(started.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(5));
+        let pid: i32 = std::fs::read_to_string(f.dir.join("grandchild"))
+            .expect("grandchild pid written")
+            .trim()
+            .parse()
+            .unwrap();
+        // Give the kernel a moment to deliver SIGKILL and reparent/reap.
+        // Positive control: a live process must never count as gone, so
+        // the assertion below cannot pass just because a probe is missing.
+        assert!(!process_gone(i32::try_from(std::process::id()).unwrap()));
+        let gone = (0..100).any(|_| {
+            thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+            process_gone(pid)
+        });
+        assert!(gone, "grandchild {pid} survived the timeout");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timeout_covers_a_descendant_holding_the_pipe() {
+        // `hack` exits at once, but a background child keeps stdout open.
+        let f = FakeHack::new("sleep 30 &\necho '{}'");
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        let r = f
+            .runner()
+            .run_json::<Value>(&["x"], None, Duration::from_millis(300));
+        assert!(matches!(r, Err(RunError::Timeout { .. })), "{r:?}");
+        assert!(started.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(5));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn path_lookup_ignores_relative_entries() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new("echo '{}'");
+        let dir = f.dir.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+        let rel = std::ffi::OsString::from(format!(".:{dir}"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_on_path("hack", Some(&rel)),
+            Some(f.dir.join("hack"))
+        );
+        let only_rel = std::ffi::OsString::from(".:relative/bin:");
+        assert_eq!(resolve_on_path("hack", Some(&only_rel)), None);
+        assert_eq!(resolve_on_path("hack", None), None);
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_on_path("./hack", Some(&rel)),
+            None,
+            "relative names refused"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn child_path_drops_empty_and_relative_entries() {
+        let p = std::ffi::OsString::from(".::bin:/usr/bin:./x:/bin");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_path(&p), std::ffi::OsString::from("/usr/bin:/bin"));
+        // All relative or empty: a non-empty trusted fallback, never "".
+        for bad in [".::relative/bin:", "", ":", "."] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                sanitize_path(std::ffi::OsStr::new(bad)),
+                std::ffi::OsString::from(FALLBACK_PATH),
+                "{bad:?}"
+            );
+        }
+        // And the child really receives an all-absolute PATH.
+        let f = FakeHack::new(r#"printf '{"p":"%s"}' "$PATH""#);
+        let v: Value = f.runner().run_json(&["x"], None, T).unwrap();
+        let got = v["p"].as_str().unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            got.split(':').all(|e| e.starts_with('/')),
+            "child PATH {got:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_runner_that_found_nothing_never_spawns() {
+        let mut r = CliRunner::new("hack");
+        r.missing = true;
+        assert_eq!(
+            r.run_json::<Value>(&["x"], None, T),
+            Err(RunError::NotFound)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timeout_sends_sigterm_first_so_the_cli_can_retire_its_children() {
+        // `wait` on a background job is interrupted at once by a trapped
+        // signal in every POSIX shell; a foreground `sleep` loop is not
+        // portable for this. `ready` separates a slow start from a failure.
+        let f = FakeHack::new(
+            r#"trap 'echo term > "$HACK_HOME/got"; exit 0' TERM
+echo ready > "$HACK_HOME/ready"
+sleep 30 &
+wait $!"#,
+        );
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        let r = f
+            .runner()
+            .with_term_grace(Duration::from_secs(3))
+            .run_json::<Value>(&["up"], None, Duration::from_secs(2));
+        assert!(matches!(r, Err(RunError::Timeout { .. })), "{r:?}");
+        assert!(f.dir.join("ready").exists(), "the fake CLI never started");
+        assert!(f.dir.join("got").exists(), "SIGTERM reached the CLI");
+        assert!(
+            started.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(4500),
+            "exited on TERM without the full grace: {:?}",
+            started.elapsed()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_cli_ignoring_sigterm_is_killed_after_the_grace() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new("trap '' TERM\nwhile :; do sleep 0.05; done");
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        let r = f
+            .runner()
+            .with_term_grace(Duration::from_millis(300))
+            .run_json::<Value>(&["up"], None, Duration::from_millis(200));
+        assert!(matches!(r, Err(RunError::Timeout { .. })), "{r:?}");
+        assert!(started.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(3));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn run_to_completion_waits_past_any_short_deadline() {
+        // Takes longer than a short timeout would allow, and still succeeds.
+        let f = FakeHack::new("sleep 1; echo '{\"ok\":true,\"data\":{\"action\":\"up\"}}'");
+        let started = Instant::now();
+        let r: Value = f.runner().run_json_to_completion(&["up"], None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r["action"], "up");
+        assert!(started.elapsed() >= Duration::from_millis(900));
+    }
+
+    /// A reader that replays scripted results.
+    struct Scripted(std::collections::VecDeque<std::io::Result<Vec<u8>>>);
+
+    impl Read for Scripted {
+        fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
+            match self.0.pop_front() {
+                None => Ok(0),
+                Some(Err(e)) => Err(e),
+                Some(Ok(bytes)) => {
+                    buf[..bytes.len()].copy_from_slice(&bytes);
+                    Ok(bytes.len())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn interrupted_reads_are_retried_and_other_errors_reported() {
+        use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
+        let r = Scripted(
+            vec![
+                Err(Error::from(ErrorKind::Interrupted)),
+                Ok(b"{\"ok\":".to_vec()),
+                Err(Error::from(ErrorKind::Interrupted)),
+                Ok(b"true}".to_vec()),
+            ]
+            .into(),
+        );
+        let d = read_all(Some(r), Keep::Head(1024)).recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.text, "{\"ok\":true}");
+        assert!(d.error.is_none());
+
+        let r = Scripted(
+            vec![
+                Ok(b"{\"ok\":true".to_vec()),
+                Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::BrokenPipe, "gone")),
+            ]
+            .into(),
+        );
+        let d = read_all(Some(r), Keep::Head(1024)).recv().unwrap();
+        assert!(d.error.is_some(), "a failed read is not end of file");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pipes_are_drained_within_bounded_memory() {
+        // 2 MiB to stderr: only the last STDERR_KEEP bytes are retained.
+        let f = FakeHack::new(
+            "head -c 2097152 /dev/zero | tr '\\0' e >&2\nprintf 'TAIL' >&2\necho '{}'",
+        );
+        let (out, err, code) = f.runner().run_raw(&["x"], None, T).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(code, Some(0));
+        assert_eq!(out.trim(), "{}");
+        assert!(err.len() <= STDERR_KEEP, "{}", err.len());
+        assert!(err.ends_with("TAIL"));
+        // Head keeping stops at the cap and flags the overflow.
+        let rx = read_all(Some(&b"abcdef"[..]), Keep::Head(4));
+        let d = rx.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.text, "abcd");
+        assert!(d.overflow);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn missing_binary_is_not_found() {
+        let r = CliRunner::new("/nonexistent/hack").run_json::<Value>(&["x"], None, T);
+        assert_eq!(r, Err(RunError::NotFound));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bad_json_is_reported() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new("echo 'not json'");
+        assert!(matches!(
+            f.runner().run_json::<Value>(&["x"], None, T),
+            Err(RunError::BadJson { .. })
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn version_parsing() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_version("hack v4.3.0\n").as_deref(), Some("4.3.0"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_version("5.0.0-next.3").as_deref(),
+            Some("5.0.0-next.3")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(parse_version("hack"), None);
+        let f = FakeHack::new("echo 'hack v5.0.0'");
+        assert_eq!(f.runner().version(T).unwrap(), "5.0.0");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn log_stream_parses_ndjson_and_stops_on_drop() {
+        let f = FakeHack::new(
+            r#"echo '{"type":"start","backend":"compose"}'
+echo '{"type":"log","entry":{"service":"api","message":"hi"}}'
+echo 'plain text'
+sleep 30"#,
+        );
+        let s = f.runner().stream_logs(&["logs", "--json"], None).unwrap();
+        let mut got = Vec::new();
+        while got.len() < 3 {
+            got.push(s.next_timeout(T).expect("event"));
+        }
+        assert_eq!(got[0].kind, "start");
+        assert_eq!(got[1].entry.as_ref().unwrap().message, "hi");
+        assert_eq!(got[2].message.as_deref(), Some("plain text"));
+        let t = Instant::now();
+        drop(s);
+        assert!(t.elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(5));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/source.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/source.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c97ea5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/source.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+//! Where the app's data comes from: the live CLI and daemon, or fixtures.
+
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use crate::daemon::DaemonClient;
+use crate::fixtures::{self, Fixture};
+use crate::models::{
+    DaemonApiStatus, DoctorReport, LifecycleResult, LogEntry, OpenResult, ProjectsPayload,
+};
+use crate::runner::{CliRunner, RunError};
+use crate::state::Action;
+
+/// Everything the list and detail panes need for one refresh.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Snapshot {
+    pub cli_version: String,
+    pub projects: ProjectsPayload,
+    /// `None` when hackd is not reachable.
+    pub daemon: Option<DaemonApiStatus>,
+    /// `None` when doctor was not run in this refresh.
+    pub doctor: Option<DoctorReport>,
+}
+
+impl Snapshot {
+    /// Cache-backed reads refresh quickly; unavailable or mismatched
+    /// daemon reads retry slowly, without spawning a registry writer.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn poll_interval(snapshot: Option<&Self>) -> Duration {
+        if snapshot.is_some_and(|s| {
+            s.daemon
+                .as_ref()
+                .is_some_and(|d| d.version == s.cli_version)
+        }) {
+            Duration::from_secs(2)
+        } else {
+            Duration::from_secs(10)
+        }
+    }
+    /// hackd runs, but at another version than the CLI.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn daemon_mismatch(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.daemon
+            .as_ref()
+            .filter(|d| d.version != self.cli_version)
+            .map(|d| d.version.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SourceError {
+    /// No answer yet (fixtures use it for the loading state).
+    Pending,
+    CliMissing,
+    /// Project reads require a matching daemon until observe-only CLI listing exists.
+    DaemonUnavailable {
+        cli: String,
+        daemon: Option<String>,
+        message: String,
+    },
+    Cli {
+        code: String,
+        message: String,
+        /// Services the CLI reported as failed to start (`detail.failed`).
+        failed: Vec<String>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl From<RunError> for SourceError {
+    fn from(e: RunError) -> Self {
+        match e {
+            RunError::NotFound => Self::CliMissing,
+            RunError::Cli(c) => Self::Cli {
+                failed: c.failed_services(),
+                code: c.code,
+                message: c.message,
+            },
+            other => Self::Cli {
+                code: "E_APP_RUN".into(),
+                message: other.to_string(),
+                failed: vec![],
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ActionOutcome {
+    Lifecycle(LifecycleResult),
+    Opened(OpenResult),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DaemonRecovery {
+    Start,
+    Restart,
+}
+
+impl DaemonRecovery {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn command(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Start => "start",
+            Self::Restart => "restart",
+        }
+    }
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Start => "Start hackd",
+            Self::Restart => "Restart hackd",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Native finite logs are a single-service snapshot (not ndjson), so the
+/// combined tail is not available for native projects in v0.
+pub const NATIVE_LOGS_NOTE: &str =
+    "Native logs are read one service at a time; they arrive with the Logs tab.";
+
+pub trait Source: Send + Sync {
+    /// Explicit user recovery only; never called by a poll.
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Failed or unavailable daemon command.
+    fn recover_daemon(&self, _action: DaemonRecovery) -> Result<(), String> {
+        Err("Daemon actions are unavailable for this source".into())
+    }
+    /// # Errors
+    /// A [`SourceError`] when no usable snapshot could be read.
+    fn snapshot(&self) -> Result<Snapshot, SourceError>;
+
+    /// Run one action for a project root. `native` selects the native
+    /// backend (`HACK_RUNTIME_BACKEND=native`), which every native command needs.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// A [`SourceError`] from the CLI.
+    fn act(
+        &self,
+        repo_root: &Path,
+        native: bool,
+        action: Action,
+    ) -> Result<ActionOutcome, SourceError>;
+
+    /// Last log lines for a project (no follow).
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Why no tail could be read; shown in place of the tail.
+    fn log_tail(&self, repo_root: &Path, native: bool, lines: u32)
+    -> Result<Vec<LogEntry>, String>;
+}
+
+/// Live data from a matching hackd. CLI listing fallback needs R18:
+/// today's `projects` command auto-registers projects and writes the registry.
+pub struct LiveSource {
+    pub runner: CliRunner,
+    pub daemon: Option<DaemonClient>,
+}
+
+impl LiveSource {
+    /// The live source exactly as the app builds it: `hack` resolved on
+    /// absolute PATH entries, and the hackd socket under `HACK_HOME`
+    /// (else `~/.hack`). Used by the window and by `hack-desktop-state`.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_env() -> Self {
+        let socket = crate::daemon::default_socket_path(
+            std::env::var("HACK_HOME").ok().as_deref(),
+            std::env::var("HOME").ok().as_deref(),
+        );
+        Self {
+            runner: CliRunner::on_path("hack"),
+            daemon: socket.map(|s| DaemonClient::new(s, Duration::from_secs(3))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn runner_for(&self, native: bool) -> CliRunner {
+        if native {
+            self.runner
+                .clone()
+                .with_env("HACK_RUNTIME_BACKEND", "native")
+        } else {
+            self.runner.clone()
+        }
+    }
+
+    const READ: Duration = Duration::from_secs(15);
+    /// After this long a lifecycle command is only *reported* as slow
+    /// (`LIFECYCLE_WARN_AFTER`); the app never terminates it. The CLI owns
+    /// lifecycle timeouts and retires the detached builds it starts; killing
+    /// it from outside could orphan them (its detached build path does not
+    /// forward SIGTERM today; requested of the lead).
+    pub const LIFECYCLE_WARN_AFTER: Duration = Duration::from_secs(6 * 60 * 60);
+    /// `open` starts nothing; a short limit is safe.
+    const OPEN: Duration = Duration::from_secs(120);
+}
+
+impl Source for LiveSource {
+    fn recover_daemon(&self, action: DaemonRecovery) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let (_, stderr, code) = self
+            .runner
+            .run_raw(
+                &["daemon", action.command()],
+                None,
+                Duration::from_secs(120),
+            )
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        if code == Some(0) {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            let exit = code.map_or_else(
+                || "was killed by a signal".into(),
+                |n| format!("exited with code {n}"),
+            );
+            Err(format!(
+                "Could not {} hackd: command {exit}. {}",
+                action.command(),
+                stderr.trim()
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+    fn snapshot(&self) -> Result<Snapshot, SourceError> {
+        let cli_version = self.runner.version(Duration::from_secs(5))?;
+        let daemon = self.daemon.as_ref().and_then(|d| d.status().ok());
+        let from_daemon = daemon
+            .as_ref()
+            .filter(|d| d.version == cli_version)
+            .and(self.daemon.as_ref())
+            .and_then(|d| d.projects().ok());
+        let mut projects = from_daemon.ok_or_else(|| SourceError::DaemonUnavailable {
+            cli: cli_version.clone(),
+            daemon: daemon.as_ref().map(|d| d.version.clone()),
+            message: match &daemon {
+                None => "hackd is off or unreachable. Start hackd to read project status.".into(),
+                Some(d) if d.version != cli_version => format!(
+                    "hackd v{}, CLI v{cli_version}. Restart hackd to read project status.",
+                    d.version
+                ),
+                Some(_) => {
+                    "hackd could not provide project status. Check again or restart hackd.".into()
+                }
+            },
+        })?;
+        // Project views do not read native projects; ask native ps for each.
+        let native = self.runner_for(true);
+        for row in projects.projects.iter_mut().filter(|r| r.is_native()) {
+            if let Some(root) = row.repo_root.clone() {
+                row.native = native
+                    .run_json(&["ps", "--json"], Some(Path::new(&root)), Self::READ)
+                    .ok();
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Snapshot {
+            cli_version,
+            projects,
+            daemon,
+            doctor: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn act(
+        &self,
+        repo_root: &Path,
+        native: bool,
+        action: Action,
+    ) -> Result<ActionOutcome, SourceError> {
+        // Actions run checkout-defined lifecycle commands as the user: run
+        // only on a validated root, by its canonical path.
+        let real = trusted_root(repo_root)?;
+        let repo_root = real.as_path();
+
+        let args = action.cli_args();
+        let runner = self.runner_for(native);
+        Ok(match action {
+            Action::Open => {
+                ActionOutcome::Opened(runner.run_json(args, Some(repo_root), Self::OPEN)?)
+            }
+            // No app deadline: busy until the CLI exits (see LIFECYCLE_WARN_AFTER).
+            _ => ActionOutcome::Lifecycle(runner.run_json_to_completion(args, Some(repo_root))?),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn log_tail(
+        &self,
+        repo_root: &Path,
+        native: bool,
+        lines: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<LogEntry>, String> {
+        if native {
+            return Err(NATIVE_LOGS_NOTE.into());
+        }
+        let tail = lines.to_string();
+        // No --compose / --services: they are backend-specific (DESIGN.md, Logs).
+        let (out, err, code) = self
+            .runner
+            .run_raw(
+                &["logs", "--json", "--no-follow", "--tail", &tail],
+                Some(repo_root),
+                Self::READ,
+            )
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        parse_log_tail(&out, &err, code)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a finite `hack logs --json` run. Any non-zero exit, `error` event or
+/// unsuccessful `end` reason (for example `exit:1`) is a failed read, even
+/// when some entries arrived: a partial tail is never shown as complete.
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// The reason the read failed.
+pub fn parse_log_tail(out: &str, err: &str, code: Option<i32>) -> Result<Vec<LogEntry>, String> {
+    let events: Vec<crate::models::LogEvent> = out
+        .lines()
+        .filter_map(|l| serde_json::from_str(l).ok())
+        .collect();
+    if let Some(e) = events.iter().find(|e| e.kind == "error") {
+        return Err(e
+            .message
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "log read failed".into()));
+    }
+    let bad_end = events.iter().find(|e| {
+        e.kind == "end"
+            && e.reason
+                .as_deref()
+                .is_some_and(|r| r == "error" || (r.starts_with("exit:") && r != "exit:0"))
+    });
+    if let Some(e) = bad_end {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "log read ended with {}",
+            e.reason.as_deref().unwrap_or("an error")
+        ));
+    }
+    if code != Some(0) {
+        return Err(format!("hack logs exited with {code:?}: {}", err.trim()));
+    }
+    Ok(events.into_iter().filter_map(|e| e.entry).collect())
+}
+
+/// Validate a registry-supplied project root before running an action that
+/// executes checkout-defined lifecycle commands, and return the canonical
+/// path to pass to the CLI.
+///
+/// The projects registry is not ownership-checked by the CLI today, so the
+/// app refuses a root unless:
+/// - it is absolute and canonicalises to an existing directory (the returned
+///   canonical path is what runs, so a symlink cannot be swapped between
+///   this check and the call);
+/// - every ancestor is owned by this user or root and not writable by group
+///   or others, except a root-owned sticky directory such as `/tmp`, where
+///   other users cannot rename entries;
+/// - the root itself is owned by this user and not group/other writable;
+/// - the CLI's own discovery, started at the root, selects exactly the root
+///   (mirrored by `cli_selects_exactly`), so no other project is chosen;
+/// - `.hack/`, `.dev/` and every entry directly in them are plain files or
+///   directories (symlinks are refused), owned by this user and not
+///   group/other writable.
+///
+/// What remains is CLI work: the CLI should verify the registry itself and
+/// bind each action to the registered identity (requested of the lead).
+///
+/// # Errors
+/// `E_APP_UNTRUSTED_ROOT` with the reason.
+pub fn trusted_root(root: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, SourceError> {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
+    let refuse = |why: String| SourceError::Cli {
+        code: "E_APP_UNTRUSTED_ROOT".into(),
+        message: format!("Not running this action: {why}."),
+        failed: vec![],
+    };
+    // SAFETY: getuid has no preconditions and cannot fail.
+    let uid = unsafe { libc::getuid() };
+    if !root.is_absolute() {
+        return Err(refuse("the project folder is not an absolute path".into()));
+    }
+    let real = std::fs::canonicalize(root)
+        .map_err(|_| refuse("the project folder could not be read".into()))?;
+    let meta = std::fs::metadata(&real)
+        .map_err(|_| refuse("the project folder could not be read".into()))?;
+    if !meta.is_dir() {
+        return Err(refuse("the project folder is not a directory".into()));
+    }
+    if meta.uid() != uid || meta.mode() & 0o022 != 0 {
+        return Err(refuse(
+            "the project folder is not yours alone (owner or write permissions)".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    for dir in real.ancestors().skip(1) {
+        let m = std::fs::metadata(dir)
+            .map_err(|_| refuse(format!("{} could not be read", dir.display())))?;
+        let owner_ok = m.uid() == uid || m.uid() == 0;
+        let sticky_root = m.uid() == 0 && m.mode() & 0o1000 != 0;
+        if !owner_ok || (m.mode() & 0o022 != 0 && !sticky_root) {
+            return Err(refuse(format!(
+                "{} can be changed by another user",
+                dir.display()
+            )));
+        }
+    }
+    // Config entries must be plain files and directories (no symlinks: a
+    // link target's own path chain could be writable by others), owned by
+    // this user and closed to group and others.
+    let private = |p: &Path| -> Result<(), SourceError> {
+        let m = std::fs::symlink_metadata(p)
+            .map_err(|_| refuse(format!("{} could not be read", p.display())))?;
+        if m.file_type().is_symlink() {
+            return Err(refuse(format!("{} is a symbolic link", p.display())));
+        }
+        if m.uid() != uid || m.mode() & 0o022 != 0 {
+            return Err(refuse(format!(
+                "{} is not yours alone (owner or write permissions)",
+                p.display()
+            )));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    };
+    // The CLI must select exactly this root (see `discoverProjectInputs`).
+    if !cli_selects_exactly(&real) {
+        return Err(refuse(
+            "the project folder is not the project the CLI would select from it".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+    for d in [real.join(".hack"), real.join(".dev")] {
+        if std::fs::symlink_metadata(&d).is_err() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        private(&d)?;
+        let entries = std::fs::read_dir(&d)
+            .map_err(|_| refuse(format!("{} could not be read", d.display())))?;
+        for e in entries {
+            let e = e.map_err(|_| refuse(format!("{} could not be read", d.display())))?;
+            private(&e.path())?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(real)
+}
+
+/// Mirror of the CLI's project discovery from `root` (see
+/// `discoverProjectInputs` in `src/lib/project-input-selection.ts`): `true`
+/// only when discovery starting at `root` selects `root` itself.
+/// - `.hack/hack.project.json` (native) or `.hack/docker-compose.yml` at
+///   `root` selects it;
+/// - `.dev/docker-compose.yml` alone selects it unless an ancestor with
+///   `.hack/docker-compose.yml` is reached before an ancestor native marker.
+fn cli_selects_exactly(root: &Path) -> bool {
+    let native = |d: &Path| d.join(".hack/hack.project.json").exists();
+    let hack_compose = |d: &Path| d.join(".hack/docker-compose.yml").is_file();
+    let dev_compose = |d: &Path| d.join(".dev/docker-compose.yml").is_file();
+    if native(root) || hack_compose(root) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if !dev_compose(root) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for a in root.ancestors().skip(1) {
+        if native(a) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if hack_compose(a) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+/// Canned data for one designed state.
+pub struct FixtureSource(pub Fixture);
+
+impl Source for FixtureSource {
+    fn snapshot(&self) -> Result<Snapshot, SourceError> {
+        fixtures::snapshot(self.0)
+    }
+
+    fn act(
+        &self,
+        _repo_root: &Path,
+        _native: bool,
+        action: Action,
+    ) -> Result<ActionOutcome, SourceError> {
+        Ok(match action {
+            Action::Open => ActionOutcome::Opened(OpenResult {
+                url: "https://storefront.hack".into(),
+                hint: None,
+            }),
+            _ => ActionOutcome::Lifecycle(LifecycleResult::default()),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn log_tail(
+        &self,
+        _repo_root: &Path,
+        native: bool,
+        _lines: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<LogEntry>, String> {
+        if native {
+            return Err(NATIVE_LOGS_NOTE.into());
+        }
+        Ok(fixtures::log_tail(self.0))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn fake_daemon(projects: &str) -> (DaemonClient, std::thread::JoinHandle<()>) {
+        use std::io::{Read, Write};
+        use std::os::unix::{fs::DirBuilderExt, net::UnixListener};
+        let dir = PathBuf::from(format!(
+            "/tmp/hds-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::DirBuilder::new().mode(0o700).create(&dir).unwrap();
+        let socket = dir.join("s");
+        let listener = UnixListener::bind(&socket).unwrap();
+        listener.set_nonblocking(true).unwrap();
+        let projects = projects.to_owned();
+        let handle = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            for body in [r#"{"status":"ok","version":"5.0.0"}"#.to_owned(), projects] {
+                let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(3);
+                let (mut stream, _) = loop {
+                    match listener.accept() {
+                        Ok(pair) => break pair,
+                        Err(e)
+                            if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock
+                                && std::time::Instant::now() < deadline =>
+                        {
+                            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5))
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => panic!("fake daemon accept failed or timed out: {e}"),
+                    }
+                };
+                stream
+                    .set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
+                    .unwrap();
+                let mut buf = [0; 4096];
+                let n = stream.read(&mut buf).unwrap();
+                assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf[..n]).starts_with("GET /v1/"));
+                write!(
+                    stream,
+                    "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
+                    body.len(),
+                    body
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            }
+            std::fs::remove_dir_all(dir).unwrap();
+        });
+        (DaemonClient::new(socket, Duration::from_secs(2)), handle)
+    }
+
+    /// A trusted fake daemon provides rows; only native ps uses the fake CLI.
+    #[test]
+    fn live_source_reads_native_rows_with_native_backend() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+            "hack-desktop-source-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let hack = dir.join("hack");
+        std::fs::write(
+            &hack,
+            r#"#!/bin/sh
+case "$1" in
+  --version) echo "hack v5.0.0" ;;
+  projects) echo '{"runtime_ok":true,"projects":[{"name":"svc","status":"running","repo_root":"/work/svc"},{"name":"nat","status":"unavailable","repo_root":"/work/nat","input_diagnostic":{"code":"E_NATIVE_PROJECT_UNSUPPORTED","message":"m"}}]}' ;;
+  ps) if [ "$HACK_RUNTIME_BACKEND" = native ]; then echo '{"ok":true,"data":{"backend":"native","status":"pending","items":[]}}'; else echo '{"ok":false,"error":{"code":"E_NATIVE_PROJECT_UNSUPPORTED","message":"m"}}'; exit 1; fi ;;
+esac
+"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&hack, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        // Complete macOS first-launch scanning before the fake daemon's
+        // bounded accept window starts. --version has no fixture effects.
+        CliRunner::new(&hack)
+            .version(Duration::from_secs(60))
+            .unwrap();
+        let (daemon, server) = fake_daemon(
+            r#"{"runtime_ok":true,"projects":[{"name":"svc","status":"running","repo_root":"/work/svc"},{"name":"nat","status":"unavailable","repo_root":"/work/nat","backend":"native"}]}"#,
+        );
+        let src = LiveSource {
+            runner: CliRunner::new(&hack).with_env("HACK_HOME", &dir.to_string_lossy()),
+            daemon: Some(daemon),
+        };
+        let snap = src.snapshot().unwrap();
+        server.join().unwrap();
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+        assert!(snap.daemon.is_some());
+        let nat = snap
+            .projects
+            .projects
+            .iter()
+            .find(|p| p.name == "nat")
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(nat.native.as_ref().unwrap().status, "pending");
+        assert_eq!(
+            crate::state::derive(nat, &crate::state::LocalContext::default()),
+            crate::state::ProjectState::Starting
+        );
+        let svc = snap
+            .projects
+            .projects
+            .iter()
+            .find(|p| p.name == "svc")
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(svc.native.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn live_source_rejects_a_payload_without_projects() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+            "hack-desktop-source-empty-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let hack = dir.join("hack");
+        std::fs::write(
+            &hack,
+            "#!/bin/sh\ncase \"$1\" in --version) echo 'hack v5.0.0' ;; projects) echo '{}' ;; esac\n",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&hack, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        CliRunner::new(&hack)
+            .version(Duration::from_secs(60))
+            .unwrap();
+        let (daemon, server) = fake_daemon("{}");
+        let src = LiveSource {
+            runner: CliRunner::new(&hack),
+            daemon: Some(daemon),
+        };
+        let r = src.snapshot();
+        server.join().unwrap();
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+        assert!(
+            matches!(&r, Err(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable { .. })),
+            "{r:?}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn failed_log_reads_are_failures_even_with_entries() {
+        let entry = r#"{"type":"log","entry":{"service":"api","message":"hi"}}"#;
+        let ok =
+            format!("{{\"type\":\"start\"}}\n{entry}\n{{\"type\":\"end\",\"reason\":\"eof\"}}\n");
+        assert_eq!(parse_log_tail(&ok, "", Some(0)).unwrap().len(), 1);
+        let bad_end = format!(
+            "{{\"type\":\"start\"}}\n{entry}\n{{\"type\":\"end\",\"reason\":\"exit:1\"}}\n"
+        );
+        assert!(parse_log_tail(&bad_end, "", Some(0)).is_err());
+        assert!(parse_log_tail(&ok, "boom", Some(1)).is_err());
+        let err_ev = "{\"type\":\"error\",\"message\":\"no engine\"}\n";
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_log_tail(err_ev, "", Some(0)).unwrap_err(),
+            "no engine"
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the temp dir's own ancestors are private enough for the
+    /// positive cases. Decided independently of `trusted_root`, so an
+    /// unexpected rejection fails the test instead of skipping it.
+    fn host_temp_is_trustworthy() -> bool {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
+        // SAFETY: getuid has no preconditions and cannot fail.
+        let uid = unsafe { libc::getuid() };
+        let Ok(t) = std::fs::canonicalize(std::env::temp_dir()) else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        t.ancestors().all(|a| {
+            std::fs::metadata(a).is_ok_and(|m| {
+                let sticky_root = m.uid() == 0 && m.mode() & 0o1000 != 0;
+                (m.uid() == uid || m.uid() == 0) && (m.mode() & 0o022 == 0 || sticky_root)
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// A private base dir under the temp dir.
+    fn base(tag: &str) -> PathBuf {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+            "hack-desktop-trust-{tag}-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&dir, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+        dir
+    }
+
+    /// A real legacy project: `<dir>/<marker_dir>/docker-compose.yml`.
+    fn make_project(dir: &Path, marker_dir: &str, file: &str) {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let d = dir.join(marker_dir);
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&d).unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(dir, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&d, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(d.join(file), "services: {}\n").unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(d.join(file), std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600)).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn untrusted(r: Result<PathBuf, SourceError>) -> bool {
+        matches!(r, Err(SourceError::Cli { ref code, .. }) if code == "E_APP_UNTRUSTED_ROOT")
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn trusted_root_accepts_real_projects_and_returns_the_real_path() {
+        if !host_temp_is_trustworthy() {
+            eprintln!("skipped: temp dir ancestors are not private on this host");
+            return;
+        }
+        let b = base("ok");
+        let compose = b.join("compose");
+        make_project(&compose, ".hack", "docker-compose.yml");
+        let native = b.join("native");
+        make_project(&native, ".hack", "hack.project.json");
+        let dev = b.join("dev");
+        make_project(&dev, ".dev", "docker-compose.yml");
+        for p in [&compose, &native] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                trusted_root(p).unwrap(),
+                std::fs::canonicalize(p).unwrap(),
+                "{}",
+                p.display()
+            );
+        }
+        // A `.dev`-only project is selected by the CLI unless an ancestor
+        // `.hack` Compose project comes first; this host may have one above
+        // its temp dir, in which case the right answer is a refusal.
+        let real_dev = std::fs::canonicalize(&dev).unwrap();
+        let ancestor_hack = real_dev
+            .ancestors()
+            .skip(1)
+            .take_while(|a| !a.join(".hack/hack.project.json").exists())
+            .any(|a| a.join(".hack/docker-compose.yml").is_file());
+        if ancestor_hack {
+            assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(&dev)), "CLI would pick the ancestor");
+        } else {
+            assert_eq!(trusted_root(&dev).unwrap(), real_dev);
+        }
+        let link = b.join("link");
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&compose, &link).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            trusted_root(&link).unwrap(),
+            std::fs::canonicalize(&compose).unwrap()
+        );
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn trusted_root_refuses_unsafe_or_ambiguous_roots() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let set = |p: &Path, m: u32| {
+            std::fs::set_permissions(p, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(m)).unwrap();
+        };
+        assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(Path::new("relative/dir"))));
+        if !host_temp_is_trustworthy() {
+            eprintln!("skipped: temp dir ancestors are not private on this host");
+            return;
+        }
+        let b = base("bad");
+        let p = b.join("p");
+        make_project(&p, ".hack", "docker-compose.yml");
+        assert!(trusted_root(&p).is_ok());
+        // World-writable root.
+        set(&p, 0o777);
+        assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(&p)), "0777 root");
+        set(&p, 0o700);
+        // Group-writable config file.
+        set(&p.join(".hack/docker-compose.yml"), 0o664);
+        assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(&p)), "writable config");
+        set(&p.join(".hack/docker-compose.yml"), 0o600);
+        // A config symlink, even to a private file under a writable parent.
+        let open = b.join("open");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&open).unwrap();
+        set(&open, 0o777);
+        std::fs::write(open.join("target.yml"), "x").unwrap();
+        set(&open.join("target.yml"), 0o600);
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(open.join("target.yml"), p.join(".hack/hack.config.json"))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(&p)), "config symlink");
+        std::fs::remove_file(p.join(".hack/hack.config.json")).unwrap();
+        // An empty .hack is not a project for the CLI.
+        let empty = b.join("empty");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(empty.join(".hack")).unwrap();
+        set(&empty, 0o700);
+        set(&empty.join(".hack"), 0o700);
+        assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(&empty)), "empty .hack");
+        // A .dev project below an ancestor .hack project: the CLI picks the
+        // ancestor, so the nested root is refused.
+        let outer = b.join("outer");
+        make_project(&outer, ".hack", "docker-compose.yml");
+        let inner = outer.join("inner");
+        make_project(&inner, ".dev", "docker-compose.yml");
+        assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(&inner)), "ancestor .hack wins");
+        // A child whose parent is group-writable.
+        let g = b.join("g");
+        std::fs::create_dir(&g).unwrap();
+        let proj = g.join("proj");
+        make_project(&proj, ".hack", "docker-compose.yml");
+        set(&g, 0o775);
+        assert!(untrusted(trusted_root(&proj)), "writable ancestor");
+        set(&open, 0o700);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lifecycle_actions_run_to_completion_without_an_app_deadline() {
+        // A Start slower than any read timeout still completes; Open keeps
+        // its bounded limit. (The CLI owns lifecycle timeouts.)
+        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+        let b = base("lifecycle");
+        let p = b.join("p");
+        make_project(&p, ".hack", "docker-compose.yml");
+        let hack = b.join("hack");
+        std::fs::write(
+            &hack,
+            "#!/bin/sh\nsleep 1\necho '{\"ok\":true,\"data\":{\"action\":\"up\",\"services\":{\"failed\":[]}}}'\n",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        std::fs::set_permissions(&hack, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+        let src = LiveSource {
+            runner: CliRunner::new(&hack),
+            daemon: None,
+        };
+        if host_temp_is_trustworthy() {
+            let r = src.act(&p, false, Action::Start);
+            assert!(matches!(r, Ok(ActionOutcome::Lifecycle(_))), "{r:?}");
+        } else {
+            eprintln!("skipped: temp dir ancestors are not private on this host");
+        }
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&b);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mismatch_detection() {
+        let s = fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::DaemonMismatch).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.daemon_mismatch(), Some("4.3.0"));
+        let s = fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.daemon_mismatch(), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn run_errors_map_to_source_errors() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            SourceError::from(RunError::NotFound),
+            SourceError::CliMissing
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(
+            SourceError::from(RunError::Timeout {
+                after: Duration::from_secs(1)
+            }),
+            SourceError::Cli { .. }
+        ));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/state.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cabbae13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,759 @@
+//! Display state of a project, derived from a project row plus what this app
+//! knows about its own in-flight action and the last action result.
+//!
+//! This derivation exists only until the CLI reports a `state` field itself
+//! (design request R2). Rules, in order:
+//! 1. An action this app is running wins (`Starting` / `Stopping`).
+//! 2. Always-on gave up, the checkout is missing, or the config has an input
+//!    diagnostic → `NeedsAttention`.
+//! 3. The last `up` reported failed services, or a defined service exited
+//!    non-zero and none run → `FailedStart`.
+//! 4. Runtime unreadable → `Unknown` (never `Stopped`).
+//! 5. Some but not all defined services running, or one unhealthy →
+//!    `Degraded`; all running → `Running`; none → `Stopped`.
+
+use crate::models::{NativePs, ProjectRow};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "state", rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum ProjectState {
+    Stopped,
+    Starting,
+    /// `exited_ok`: services that exited 0 while the rest run. Their
+    /// completion role is unknown until the CLI reports it (design R2).
+    Running {
+        uptime: Option<String>,
+        exited_ok: Vec<String>,
+    },
+    Degraded {
+        down: Vec<String>,
+    },
+    Stopping,
+    FailedStart {
+        services: Vec<String>,
+    },
+    NeedsAttention {
+        reason: String,
+    },
+    Unknown {
+        reason: String,
+    },
+}
+
+impl ProjectState {
+    /// Short label for the state pill.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn label(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Stopped => "Stopped".into(),
+            Self::Starting => "Starting…".into(),
+            Self::Running { exited_ok, .. } if !exited_ok.is_empty() => {
+                format!("Running · {} exited (0)", exited_ok.join(", "))
+            }
+            Self::Running {
+                uptime: Some(u), ..
+            } => format!("Running · {u}"),
+            Self::Running { uptime: None, .. } => "Running".into(),
+            Self::Degraded { down } => format!("Degraded · {} down", down.join(", ")),
+            Self::Stopping => "Stopping…".into(),
+            Self::FailedStart { services } => {
+                format!("Failed to start: {}", services.join(", "))
+            }
+            Self::NeedsAttention { .. } => "Needs attention".into(),
+            Self::Unknown { .. } => "Status unknown".into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sidebar group: running-like states go under "Running".
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Self::Running { .. } | Self::Degraded { .. } | Self::Starting | Self::Stopping
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn tone(&self) -> Tone {
+        match self {
+            Self::Running { .. } => Tone::Ok,
+            Self::Degraded { .. } => Tone::Warn,
+            Self::Starting | Self::Stopping => Tone::Busy,
+            Self::FailedStart { .. } | Self::NeedsAttention { .. } => Tone::Error,
+            Self::Stopped | Self::Unknown { .. } => Tone::Idle,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Which actions the header offers in this state.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn actions(&self) -> &'static [Action] {
+        match self {
+            Self::Stopped | Self::Unknown { .. } => &[Action::Start],
+            Self::Starting => &[Action::Stop],
+            Self::Running { .. } | Self::Degraded { .. } => {
+                &[Action::Open, Action::Restart, Action::Stop]
+            }
+            Self::Stopping => &[],
+            Self::FailedStart { .. } | Self::NeedsAttention { .. } => {
+                &[Action::Start, Action::Stop]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum Tone {
+    Ok,
+    Warn,
+    Busy,
+    Error,
+    Idle,
+}
+
+/// v0 project actions. Each maps to exactly one CLI command.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum Action {
+    Start,
+    Stop,
+    Restart,
+    Open,
+}
+
+impl Action {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn label(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Start => "Start",
+            Self::Stop => "Stop",
+            Self::Restart => "Restart",
+            Self::Open => "Open",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// CLI arguments (after `hack`), run with `--path <repo_root>`.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn cli_args(self) -> &'static [&'static str] {
+        match self {
+            Self::Start => &["up", "--detach", "--json", "--no-interactive"],
+            Self::Stop => &["down", "--json", "--no-interactive"],
+            Self::Restart => &["restart", "--json", "--no-interactive"],
+            Self::Open => &["open", "--json", "--no-interactive"],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// What the app itself knows beyond the row.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct LocalContext {
+    pub in_flight: Option<Action>,
+    /// Failed services from the last `up`/`restart` this app ran.
+    pub last_failed: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// One service row for the Services table.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct ServiceView {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub running: bool,
+    pub status: String,
+    pub exit_code: Option<i32>,
+    /// Exited 0 and not running: never "down", but its completion role is
+    /// unknown until the CLI reports it (shown as "exited (0)").
+    pub completed: bool,
+    /// A container (or native observation) exists for it. A defined service
+    /// with none may simply be in an inactive Compose profile.
+    pub created: bool,
+    pub route: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl ServiceView {
+    /// A service with evidence of being down: it has a container that is
+    /// not running and did not exit 0. A defined service that was never
+    /// created is not counted: it may sit in an inactive profile, and which
+    /// services are expected is only known once the CLI reports it (R2).
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_down(&self) -> bool {
+        self.created && !self.running && !self.completed
+    }
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+pub fn services(row: &ProjectRow) -> Vec<ServiceView> {
+    if let Some(ps) = row.native.as_ref().filter(|_| row.is_native()) {
+        let mut out: Vec<ServiceView> = ps
+            .items
+            .iter()
+            .map(|i| {
+                let running = i.state == "running";
+                let status = match &i.health {
+                    Some(h) => format!("{} ({h})", i.state),
+                    None => i.state.clone(),
+                };
+                ServiceView {
+                    created: true,
+                    name: i.service.clone(),
+                    running,
+                    status,
+                    exit_code: i.exit_code,
+                    completed: !running && i.exit_code == Some(0),
+                    route: row
+                        .service_hosts
+                        .get(&i.service)
+                        .and_then(|h| h.first().cloned()),
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+        out.sort_by(|a, b| b.is_down().cmp(&a.is_down()).then(a.name.cmp(&b.name)));
+        return out;
+    }
+    let mut names: Vec<String> = row.defined_services.clone();
+    if let Some(rt) = &row.runtime {
+        for s in &rt.services {
+            if !names.contains(&s.service) {
+                names.push(s.service.clone());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let mut out: Vec<ServiceView> = names
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|name| {
+            let containers = row
+                .runtime
+                .as_ref()
+                .and_then(|rt| rt.services.iter().find(|s| s.service == name))
+                .map(|s| s.containers.as_slice())
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            let running = containers.iter().any(|c| c.is_running());
+            let first = containers.first();
+            let exit_code = first.and_then(|c| c.exit_code());
+            ServiceView {
+                created: first.is_some(),
+                completed: !running
+                    && first.is_some_and(|c| c.state.eq_ignore_ascii_case("exited"))
+                    && exit_code == Some(0),
+                route: row
+                    .service_hosts
+                    .get(&name)
+                    .and_then(|h| h.first().cloned()),
+                running,
+                status: first.map_or_else(|| "not created".into(), |c| c.status.clone()),
+                exit_code,
+                name,
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+    // Down services first, then by name.
+    out.sort_by(|a, b| b.is_down().cmp(&a.is_down()).then(a.name.cmp(&b.name)));
+    out
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+pub fn derive(row: &ProjectRow, local: &LocalContext) -> ProjectState {
+    match local.in_flight {
+        Some(Action::Start | Action::Restart) => return ProjectState::Starting,
+        Some(Action::Stop) => return ProjectState::Stopping,
+        Some(Action::Open) | None => {}
+    }
+    if let Some(a) = &row.autostart
+        && a.state == "needs_attention"
+    {
+        return ProjectState::NeedsAttention {
+            reason: format!(
+                "Always-on stopped trying after {} failures",
+                a.failures.count
+            ),
+        };
+    }
+    if row.status == "missing" {
+        return ProjectState::NeedsAttention {
+            reason: "The project folder is missing".into(),
+        };
+    }
+    if row.is_native() {
+        return native_state(row.native.as_ref());
+    }
+    if let Some(d) = &row.input_diagnostic {
+        return ProjectState::NeedsAttention {
+            reason: d.message.clone(),
+        };
+    }
+    match row.status.as_str() {
+        "running" | "stopped" => {}
+        "unknown" | "unavailable" => {
+            return ProjectState::Unknown {
+                reason: "The container runtime could not be read".into(),
+            };
+        }
+        // Missing or unfamiliar status: no evidence, so not "stopped".
+        "" => {
+            return ProjectState::Unknown {
+                reason: "The CLI reported no status".into(),
+            };
+        }
+        other => {
+            return ProjectState::Unknown {
+                reason: format!("Unrecognised status {other:?}"),
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    let svcs = services(row);
+    let running: Vec<&ServiceView> = svcs.iter().filter(|s| s.running).collect();
+    let mut failed_exit: Vec<String> = svcs
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|s| !s.running && s.exit_code.is_some_and(|c| c != 0))
+        .map(|s| s.name.clone())
+        .collect();
+    // Docker's summary counts only `running`. A crash loop or a dead
+    // container is failure evidence even when the summary says stopped.
+    let mut uncertain = Vec::new();
+    for service in row.runtime.iter().flat_map(|r| &r.services) {
+        for c in &service.containers {
+            match c.state.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+                "restarting" | "dead" => failed_exit.push(service.service.clone()),
+                "exited" if c.exit_code().is_some_and(|code| code != 0) => {
+                    failed_exit.push(service.service.clone())
+                }
+                "running" | "exited" => {}
+                _ => uncertain.push(service.service.clone()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    failed_exit.sort();
+    failed_exit.dedup();
+
+    // The CLI named these as failed: trust that, created or not.
+    if !local.last_failed.is_empty()
+        && local
+            .last_failed
+            .iter()
+            .any(|f| !svcs.iter().any(|s| &s.name == f && s.running))
+    {
+        return ProjectState::FailedStart {
+            services: local.last_failed.clone(),
+        };
+    }
+    if running.is_empty() {
+        if !failed_exit.is_empty() {
+            return ProjectState::FailedStart {
+                services: failed_exit,
+            };
+        }
+        if !uncertain.is_empty() {
+            return ProjectState::Unknown {
+                reason: format!("Containers are not stopped: {}", uncertain.join(", ")),
+            };
+        }
+        // Summary rows carry counts, not services.
+        if row.running_container_count.unwrap_or(0) > 0 || row.status == "running" {
+            return ProjectState::Running {
+                uptime: None,
+                exited_ok: vec![],
+            };
+        }
+        return ProjectState::Stopped;
+    }
+    let unhealthy = row
+        .runtime
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|rt| rt.services.iter())
+        .filter(|s| s.containers.iter().any(|c| c.is_unhealthy()))
+        .map(|s| s.service.clone());
+    let mut down: Vec<String> = svcs
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|s| s.is_down())
+        .map(|s| s.name.clone())
+        .chain(unhealthy)
+        .chain(failed_exit)
+        .chain(uncertain)
+        .collect();
+    down.sort();
+    down.dedup();
+    if down.is_empty() {
+        let uptime = row
+            .runtime
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|rt| rt.services.iter())
+            .flat_map(|s| s.containers.iter())
+            .find_map(|c| c.uptime().map(str::to_owned));
+        let exited_ok = svcs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|s| s.completed)
+            .map(|s| s.name.clone())
+            .collect();
+        ProjectState::Running { uptime, exited_ok }
+    } else {
+        ProjectState::Degraded { down }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Map native `hack ps --json` `data.status` (and items) to a display state.
+#[must_use]
+pub fn native_state(ps: Option<&NativePs>) -> ProjectState {
+    let Some(ps) = ps else {
+        return ProjectState::Unknown {
+            reason: "Native status was not read".into(),
+        };
+    };
+    let unknown = |why: &str| ProjectState::Unknown {
+        reason: format!("Native runtime: {why}"),
+    };
+    match ps.status.as_str() {
+        "not_started" => ProjectState::Stopped,
+        "pending" => ProjectState::Starting,
+        "runtime_degraded" => ProjectState::Degraded {
+            down: native_down(ps),
+        },
+        "observed" => {
+            let down = native_down(ps);
+            if ps.items.is_empty() {
+                ProjectState::Stopped
+            } else if down.is_empty() {
+                let exited_ok = ps
+                    .items
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|i| i.state != "running" && i.exit_code == Some(0))
+                    .map(|i| i.service.clone())
+                    .collect();
+                ProjectState::Running {
+                    uptime: None,
+                    exited_ok,
+                }
+            } else if down.len() == ps.items.len() {
+                ProjectState::FailedStart { services: down }
+            } else {
+                ProjectState::Degraded { down }
+            }
+        }
+        "provider_pin_changed" => ProjectState::NeedsAttention {
+            reason: "The native runtime provider changed; run hack doctor".into(),
+        },
+        "runtime_not_running" => unknown("not running"),
+        "runtime_busy" => unknown("busy"),
+        "owner_unconfirmed" => unknown("owner not confirmed"),
+        other => unknown(other),
+    }
+}
+
+fn native_down(ps: &NativePs) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut down: Vec<String> = ps
+        .items
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|i| {
+            let completed = i.readiness.as_deref() == Some("completed")
+                || (i.exit_code == Some(0) && i.state == "exited");
+            (i.state != "running" && !completed) || i.health.as_deref() == Some("unhealthy")
+        })
+        .map(|i| i.service.clone())
+        .collect();
+    down.sort();
+    down.dedup();
+    down
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::fixtures;
+
+    fn row(name: &str) -> ProjectRow {
+        fixtures::project(fixtures::Fixture::Running)
+            .projects
+            .into_iter()
+            .find(|p| p.name == name)
+            .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn running_has_uptime() {
+        let s = derive(&row("storefront"), &LocalContext::default());
+        assert_eq!(
+            s,
+            ProjectState::Running {
+                uptime: Some("2 hours".into()),
+                exited_ok: vec![],
+            }
+        );
+        assert_eq!(s.actions(), &[Action::Open, Action::Restart, Action::Stop]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn in_flight_action_wins() {
+        let local = LocalContext {
+            in_flight: Some(Action::Stop),
+            ..LocalContext::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(derive(&row("storefront"), &local), ProjectState::Stopping);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unfamiliar_or_missing_status_is_unknown() {
+        for status in ["", "unregistered", "something_new"] {
+            let mut r = row("storefront");
+            r.status = status.into();
+            assert!(
+                matches!(
+                    derive(&r, &LocalContext::default()),
+                    ProjectState::Unknown { .. }
+                ),
+                "{status:?}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_is_not_stopped() {
+        let mut r = row("storefront");
+        r.status = "unknown".into();
+        r.runtime = None;
+        assert!(matches!(
+            derive(&r, &LocalContext::default()),
+            ProjectState::Unknown { .. }
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn every_fixture_state_derives_as_designed() {
+        use fixtures::Fixture::*;
+        let cases = [
+            (Stopped, "Stopped"),
+            (Running, "Running · 2 hours"),
+            (Degraded, "Degraded · worker down"),
+            (FailedStart, "Failed to start: api, worker"),
+            (NeedsAttention, "Needs attention"),
+        ];
+        for (fx, label) in cases {
+            let p = fixtures::project(fx);
+            let sel = fixtures::selected(fx);
+            let r = p.projects.iter().find(|r| r.name == sel).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                derive(r, &fixtures::local(fx)).label(),
+                label,
+                "fixture {fx:?}"
+            );
+        }
+        let s = fixtures::project(Starting);
+        let r = s
+            .projects
+            .iter()
+            .find(|r| r.name == fixtures::selected(Starting))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            derive(r, &fixtures::local(Starting)),
+            ProjectState::Starting
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn completed_one_shot_is_not_down() {
+        let mut r = row("storefront");
+        let rt = r.runtime.as_mut().unwrap();
+        rt.services[1].containers[0].state = "exited".into();
+        rt.services[1].containers[0].status = "Exited (0) 2 hours ago".into();
+        let st = derive(&r, &LocalContext::default());
+        assert_eq!(st.label(), "Running · db exited (0)");
+        assert!(matches!(st, ProjectState::Running { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn native_status_mapping() {
+        use crate::models::{NativePs, NativePsItem};
+        let ps = |status: &str, items: Vec<(&str, &str)>| NativePs {
+            status: status.into(),
+            items: items
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(s, st)| NativePsItem {
+                    service: s.into(),
+                    state: st.into(),
+                    ..NativePsItem::default()
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            native_state(Some(&ps("not_started", vec![]))),
+            ProjectState::Stopped
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            native_state(Some(&ps("pending", vec![]))),
+            ProjectState::Starting
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(
+            native_state(Some(&ps("observed", vec![("app", "running")]))),
+            ProjectState::Running { .. }
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(
+            native_state(Some(&ps(
+                "observed",
+                vec![("app", "running"), ("job", "exited")]
+            ))),
+            ProjectState::Degraded {
+                down: vec!["job".into()]
+            }
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(
+            native_state(Some(&ps("runtime_busy", vec![]))),
+            ProjectState::Unknown { .. }
+        ));
+        assert!(matches!(native_state(None), ProjectState::Unknown { .. }));
+        assert!(matches!(
+            native_state(Some(&ps("provider_pin_changed", vec![]))),
+            ProjectState::NeedsAttention { .. }
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn native_rows_show_native_services_and_exited_ok() {
+        use crate::models::{InputDiagnostic, NativePs, NativePsItem, ProjectRow};
+        let row = ProjectRow {
+            name: "n".into(),
+            status: "unavailable".into(),
+            input_diagnostic: Some(InputDiagnostic {
+                code: crate::models::NATIVE_PROJECT_CODE.into(),
+                message: "m".into(),
+            }),
+            native: Some(NativePs {
+                status: "observed".into(),
+                items: vec![
+                    NativePsItem {
+                        service: "web".into(),
+                        state: "running".into(),
+                        health: Some("healthy".into()),
+                        ..NativePsItem::default()
+                    },
+                    NativePsItem {
+                        service: "migrate".into(),
+                        state: "exited".into(),
+                        exit_code: Some(0),
+                        ..NativePsItem::default()
+                    },
+                ],
+            }),
+            ..ProjectRow::default()
+        };
+        let svcs = services(&row);
+        assert_eq!(svcs.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(
+            svcs.iter().find(|s| s.name == "web").unwrap().status,
+            "running (healthy)"
+        );
+        assert!(svcs.iter().find(|s| s.name == "migrate").unwrap().completed);
+        assert_eq!(
+            derive(&row, &LocalContext::default()).label(),
+            "Running · migrate exited (0)"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn inactive_profile_services_are_not_down() {
+        // `toolchain` is defined (another profile) but has no container.
+        let mut r = row("storefront");
+        r.defined_services.push("toolchain".into());
+        let st = derive(&r, &LocalContext::default());
+        assert!(matches!(st, ProjectState::Running { .. }), "{st:?}");
+        let svc = services(&r)
+            .into_iter()
+            .find(|s| s.name == "toolchain")
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(!svc.created && !svc.is_down());
+        assert_eq!(svc.status, "not created");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn services_sort_down_first() {
+        let p = fixtures::project(fixtures::Fixture::Degraded);
+        let r = p.projects.iter().find(|r| r.name == "storefront").unwrap();
+        let s = services(r);
+        assert_eq!(s[0].name, "worker");
+        assert!(!s[0].running);
+        assert_eq!(s[1].route.as_deref(), Some("api.storefront.hack"));
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn docker_non_running_states_are_not_stopped() {
+        for (state, status, failed) in [
+            ("restarting", "Restarting (1) 5 seconds ago", true),
+            ("dead", "Dead", true),
+            ("created", "Created", false),
+            ("paused", "Up 2 minutes (Paused)", false),
+        ] {
+            let row: ProjectRow = serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({
+                    "name": "sample", "status": "stopped", "defined_services": ["api"],
+                    "runtime": {"services": [{"service":"api", "containers":[{"state":state,"status":status}]}]}
+                })).unwrap();
+            let observed = derive(&row, &LocalContext::default());
+            if failed {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    observed,
+                    ProjectState::FailedStart {
+                        services: vec!["api".into()]
+                    },
+                    "{state}"
+                );
+            } else {
+                assert!(
+                    matches!(observed, ProjectState::Unknown { .. }),
+                    "{state}: {observed:?}"
+                );
+            }
+            assert!(!services(&row)[0].completed);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unhealthy_replica_is_degraded_even_when_another_replica_runs() {
+        let row: ProjectRow = serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({
+            "name":"sample", "status":"running", "defined_services":["api"],
+            "runtime":{"services":[{"service":"api","containers":[
+                {"state":"running","status":"Up 2 minutes"},
+                {"state":"restarting","status":"Restarting (1) 5 seconds ago"}
+            ]}]}
+        }))
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            derive(&row, &LocalContext::default()),
+            ProjectState::Degraded {
+                down: vec!["api".into()]
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn any_failed_exited_replica_prevents_a_healthy_or_stopped_project() {
+        for (first_state, first_status, expected) in [
+            (
+                "running",
+                "Up 2 minutes",
+                ProjectState::Degraded {
+                    down: vec!["api".into()],
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                "exited",
+                "Exited (0) 1 minute ago",
+                ProjectState::FailedStart {
+                    services: vec!["api".into()],
+                },
+            ),
+        ] {
+            for reversed in [false, true] {
+                let mut containers = vec![
+                    serde_json::json!({"state":first_state,"status":first_status}),
+                    serde_json::json!({"state":"exited","status":"Exited (1) 30 seconds ago"}),
+                ];
+                if reversed {
+                    containers.reverse();
+                }
+                let row: ProjectRow = serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({
+                    "name":"sample", "status":if first_state == "running" { "running" } else { "stopped" },
+                    "defined_services":["api"], "runtime":{"services":[{"service":"api","containers":containers}]}
+                })).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(
+                    derive(&row, &LocalContext::default()),
+                    expected,
+                    "{first_state}, reversed={reversed}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/src/viewmodel.rs b/apps/desktop/core/src/viewmodel.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cc66a8d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/src/viewmodel.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,904 @@
+//! View-model state machines for the project list and the detail pane.
+//!
+//! Pure: no I/O, no clock. The app feeds events in and renders `view()`.
+//!
+//! List rules (DESIGN.md, "Project list"):
+//! - A failed refresh keeps the last good snapshot and marks it stale; with
+//!   no snapshot yet it shows the error state.
+//! - Banners stack: daemon off, daemon version mismatch, engine down, stale.
+//! - One action per project at a time; the row's state shows it.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::models::ProjectRow;
+use crate::source::{ActionOutcome, DaemonRecovery, Snapshot, SourceError};
+use crate::state::{self, Action, LocalContext, ProjectState, ServiceView};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "banner", rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum Banner {
+    DaemonOff,
+    DaemonMismatch { daemon: String, cli: String },
+    DaemonReadFailed { error: String },
+    EngineDown { error: String },
+    Stale { error: String },
+}
+
+impl Banner {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn text(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::DaemonOff => {
+                "hackd is off or unreachable: run `hack daemon start` to read project status".into()
+            }
+            Self::DaemonMismatch { daemon, cli } => {
+                format!("hackd v{daemon} is running, CLI is v{cli}: restart hackd")
+            }
+            Self::EngineDown { error } => format!("Docker not reachable: {error}"),
+            Self::DaemonReadFailed { error } => error.clone(),
+            Self::Stale { error } => format!("Showing last known state: {error}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "phase", rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum Phase {
+    Loading,
+    CliMissing,
+    Error { code: String, message: String },
+    Empty,
+    Ready,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct Row {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub state: ProjectState,
+    pub always_on: bool,
+    pub selected: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct ListView {
+    pub phase: Phase,
+    pub banners: Vec<Banner>,
+    pub running: Vec<Row>,
+    pub stopped: Vec<Row>,
+    pub doctor_count: usize,
+    /// Doctor results exist in this snapshot. Until then the Doctor row is
+    /// unknown (grey), never "no findings" (green).
+    pub doctor_known: bool,
+    pub cli_version: Option<String>,
+    /// Counts by state for the status bar; unknown is never "stopped".
+    pub counts: Counts,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct Counts {
+    pub running: usize,
+    pub stopped: usize,
+    pub unknown: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct DetailView {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub state: ProjectState,
+    pub backend: String,
+    pub url: Option<String>,
+    pub always_on: bool,
+    pub actions: Vec<Action>,
+    pub busy: bool,
+    pub services: Vec<ServiceView>,
+    pub last_error: Option<String>,
+    /// Why actions are limited (native projects in v0).
+    pub note: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// v0 scope: native projects are view-only. Native `restart` (and authored
+/// `down`/`restart`) stay in the foreground and refuse `--json`; native
+/// `up --json` is detached, but the app waits for one contract (design R2b).
+pub const NATIVE_ACTIONS_NOTE: &str = "Native projects are view-only in this preview: start, stop or restart them in a terminal with HACK_RUNTIME_BACKEND=native hack up / down / restart.";
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Event {
+    Refreshed(Result<Snapshot, SourceError>),
+    Select(String),
+    ActionStarted {
+        project: String,
+        action: Action,
+    },
+    ActionFinished {
+        project: String,
+        action: Action,
+        result: Result<ActionOutcome, SourceError>,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Identity of a read request, captured before any I/O starts.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct RefreshToken {
+    sequence: u64,
+    action_epoch: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct AppModel {
+    snapshot: Option<Snapshot>,
+    last_error: Option<SourceError>,
+    selected: Option<String>,
+    local: HashMap<String, LocalContext>,
+    action_errors: HashMap<String, String>,
+    loaded_once: bool,
+    refresh_sequence: u64,
+    applied_sequence: u64,
+    action_epoch: u64,
+}
+
+impl AppModel {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Start a read. Results from before an action boundary or a newer
+    /// applied read cannot replace current state or prove failure recovery.
+    pub fn begin_refresh(&mut self) -> RefreshToken {
+        self.refresh_sequence += 1;
+        RefreshToken {
+            sequence: self.refresh_sequence,
+            action_epoch: self.action_epoch,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn poll_interval(&self) -> std::time::Duration {
+        if self.last_error.is_some() {
+            std::time::Duration::from_secs(10)
+        } else {
+            Snapshot::poll_interval(self.snapshot.as_ref())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn daemon_recovery(&self) -> Option<DaemonRecovery> {
+        match &self.last_error {
+            Some(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable { daemon: None, .. }) => {
+                Some(DaemonRecovery::Start)
+            }
+            Some(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable { .. }) => Some(DaemonRecovery::Restart),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn engine_observed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.last_error.is_none()
+            && self
+                .snapshot
+                .as_ref()
+                .is_some_and(|s| s.projects.runtime_ok.is_some())
+    }
+
+    fn observed_state(&self, row: &ProjectRow, local: &LocalContext) -> ProjectState {
+        if let Some(error) = &self.last_error {
+            return ProjectState::Unknown {
+                reason: describe(error),
+            };
+        }
+        state::derive(row, local)
+    }
+
+    /// Apply an ordered live read; returns whether it was accepted.
+    pub fn finish_refresh(
+        &mut self,
+        token: RefreshToken,
+        result: Result<Snapshot, SourceError>,
+    ) -> bool {
+        if token.action_epoch != self.action_epoch || token.sequence <= self.applied_sequence {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.applied_sequence = token.sequence;
+        self.apply(Event::Refreshed(result));
+        true
+    }
+
+    /// Apply one event. Returns `true` when the app should refresh now.
+    pub fn apply(&mut self, event: Event) -> bool {
+        match event {
+            Event::Refreshed(Ok(s)) => {
+                self.loaded_once = true;
+                self.clear_recovered_failures(&s);
+                self.last_error = None;
+                if self.selected.is_none()
+                    || !s
+                        .projects
+                        .projects
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|p| Some(&p.name) == self.selected.as_ref())
+                {
+                    self.selected = first_by_group(&s, &self.local);
+                }
+                self.snapshot = Some(s);
+                false
+            }
+            Event::Refreshed(Err(SourceError::Pending)) => false,
+            Event::Refreshed(Err(e)) => {
+                self.loaded_once = true;
+                self.last_error = Some(e);
+                false
+            }
+            Event::Select(name) => {
+                self.selected = Some(name);
+                false
+            }
+            Event::ActionStarted { project, action } => {
+                let ctx = self.local.entry(project.clone()).or_default();
+                if ctx.in_flight.is_some() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                ctx.in_flight = Some(action);
+                self.action_epoch += 1;
+                self.action_errors.remove(&project);
+                false
+            }
+            Event::ActionFinished {
+                project,
+                action,
+                result,
+            } => {
+                self.action_epoch += 1;
+                let ctx = self.local.entry(project.clone()).or_default();
+                if ctx.in_flight == Some(action) {
+                    ctx.in_flight = None;
+                }
+                match result {
+                    Ok(ActionOutcome::Lifecycle(r)) => {
+                        ctx.last_failed = if matches!(action, Action::Start | Action::Restart) {
+                            r.services.failed
+                        } else {
+                            vec![]
+                        };
+                    }
+                    Ok(ActionOutcome::Opened(_)) => {}
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        if let SourceError::Cli { failed, .. } = &e
+                            && matches!(action, Action::Start | Action::Restart)
+                        {
+                            ctx.last_failed.clone_from(failed);
+                        }
+                        self.action_errors.insert(project, describe(&e));
+                    }
+                }
+                action != Action::Open
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A startup failure is cleared only on evidence that it is over: every
+    /// failed service is observed running again. (A successful Stop from
+    /// this app clears it too, in `ActionFinished`.) "Nothing runs" is not
+    /// evidence: a failed start can leave containers never created.
+    fn clear_recovered_failures(&mut self, s: &Snapshot) {
+        for p in &s.projects.projects {
+            let Some(ctx) = self.local.get_mut(&p.name) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if ctx.last_failed.is_empty() || ctx.in_flight.is_some() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let svcs = state::services(p);
+            let recovered = ctx
+                .last_failed
+                .iter()
+                .all(|f| svcs.iter().any(|s| &s.name == f && s.running));
+            if recovered {
+                ctx.last_failed.clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Can `action` start for `project` now?
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn can_start(&self, project: &str) -> bool {
+        self.last_error.is_none()
+            && self
+                .local
+                .get(project)
+                .is_none_or(|c| c.in_flight.is_none())
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn selected_row(&self) -> Option<&ProjectRow> {
+        let s = self.snapshot.as_ref()?;
+        let name = self.selected.as_ref()?;
+        s.projects.projects.iter().find(|p| &p.name == name)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn list(&self) -> ListView {
+        let mut banners = Vec::new();
+        let phase = match (&self.snapshot, &self.last_error) {
+            (_, Some(SourceError::CliMissing)) => Phase::CliMissing,
+            (None, Some(SourceError::Cli { code, message, .. })) => Phase::Error {
+                code: code.clone(),
+                message: message.clone(),
+            },
+            (None, Some(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable { message, .. })) => Phase::Error {
+                code: "E_APP_DAEMON_UNAVAILABLE".into(),
+                message: message.clone(),
+            },
+            (None, _) => Phase::Loading,
+            (Some(s), _) if s.projects.projects.is_empty() => Phase::Empty,
+            (Some(_), _) => Phase::Ready,
+        };
+        let mut running = Vec::new();
+        let mut stopped = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable {
+            cli,
+            daemon,
+            message,
+        }) = &self.last_error
+        {
+            banners.push(match daemon {
+                None => Banner::DaemonOff,
+                Some(d) if d != cli => Banner::DaemonMismatch {
+                    daemon: d.clone(),
+                    cli: cli.clone(),
+                },
+                Some(_) => Banner::DaemonReadFailed {
+                    error: message.clone(),
+                },
+            });
+        }
+        if let Some(s) = &self.snapshot {
+            if !matches!(self.last_error, Some(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable { .. })) {
+                match (&s.daemon, s.daemon_mismatch()) {
+                    (None, _) => banners.push(Banner::DaemonOff),
+                    (Some(_), Some(v)) => banners.push(Banner::DaemonMismatch {
+                        daemon: v.to_owned(),
+                        cli: s.cli_version.clone(),
+                    }),
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+            if s.projects.engine_down() {
+                banners.push(Banner::EngineDown {
+                    error: s.projects.runtime_error.clone().unwrap_or_default(),
+                });
+            }
+            if let Some(e) = &self.last_error {
+                banners.push(Banner::Stale { error: describe(e) });
+            }
+            for p in &s.projects.projects {
+                let row = Row {
+                    state: self.observed_state(
+                        p,
+                        self.local.get(&p.name).unwrap_or(&LocalContext::default()),
+                    ),
+                    always_on: p.autostart.as_ref().is_some_and(|a| a.enabled),
+                    selected: Some(&p.name) == self.selected.as_ref(),
+                    name: p.name.clone(),
+                };
+                if row.state.is_active() {
+                    running.push(row);
+                } else {
+                    stopped.push(row);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        running.sort_by(|a, b| a.name.cmp(&b.name));
+        stopped.sort_by(|a, b| a.name.cmp(&b.name));
+        let unknown = stopped
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|r| matches!(r.state, ProjectState::Unknown { .. }))
+            .count();
+        let counts = Counts {
+            running: running.len(),
+            stopped: stopped.len() - unknown,
+            unknown,
+        };
+        ListView {
+            phase,
+            banners,
+            running,
+            stopped,
+            doctor_known: self.snapshot.as_ref().is_some_and(|s| s.doctor.is_some()),
+            doctor_count: self
+                .snapshot
+                .as_ref()
+                .and_then(|s| s.doctor.as_ref())
+                .map_or(0, crate::models::DoctorReport::attention_count),
+            cli_version: self.snapshot.as_ref().map(|s| s.cli_version.clone()),
+            counts,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn detail(&self) -> Option<DetailView> {
+        let row = self.selected_row()?;
+        let default = LocalContext::default();
+        let local = self.local.get(&row.name).unwrap_or(&default);
+        let st = self.observed_state(row, local);
+        let mut services = state::services(row);
+        if self.last_error.is_some() {
+            for service in &mut services {
+                service.running = false;
+                service.completed = false;
+                service.exit_code = None;
+                service.status = "Status unknown".into();
+            }
+        }
+        Some(DetailView {
+            name: row.name.clone(),
+            backend: if row.is_native() {
+                "native".into()
+            } else {
+                row.backend.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| "compose".into())
+            },
+            url: row.dev_host.as_ref().map(|h| format!("https://{h}")),
+            always_on: row.autostart.as_ref().is_some_and(|a| a.enabled),
+            actions: if row.is_native() || self.last_error.is_some() {
+                vec![]
+            } else {
+                st.actions().to_vec()
+            },
+            note: row.is_native().then(|| NATIVE_ACTIONS_NOTE.to_owned()),
+            busy: local.in_flight.is_some(),
+            services,
+            last_error: self.action_errors.get(&row.name).cloned(),
+            state: st,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn first_by_group(s: &Snapshot, local: &HashMap<String, LocalContext>) -> Option<String> {
+    let default = LocalContext::default();
+    let mut rows: Vec<(bool, &str)> = s
+        .projects
+        .projects
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| {
+            let st = state::derive(p, local.get(&p.name).unwrap_or(&default));
+            (!st.is_active(), p.name.as_str())
+        })
+        .collect();
+    rows.sort();
+    rows.first().map(|(_, n)| (*n).to_owned())
+}
+
+fn describe(e: &SourceError) -> String {
+    match e {
+        SourceError::Pending => "still loading".into(),
+        SourceError::CliMissing => "hack was not found on PATH".into(),
+        SourceError::DaemonUnavailable { message, .. } => message.clone(),
+        SourceError::Cli { code, message, .. } => format!("{code}: {message}"),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::fixtures::{self, Fixture};
+    use crate::models::LifecycleResult;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unavailable_daemon_invalidates_rows_and_offers_exact_recovery() {
+        for (daemon, expected) in [
+            (None, DaemonRecovery::Start),
+            (Some("4.0.0".into()), DaemonRecovery::Restart),
+        ] {
+            let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+            assert!(m.engine_observed());
+            m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+            let token = m.begin_refresh();
+            let message = if daemon.is_some() {
+                "hackd v4.0.0, CLI v5.0.0: restart hackd"
+            } else {
+                "hackd is off: start hackd"
+            };
+            m.finish_refresh(
+                token,
+                Err(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable {
+                    cli: "5.0.0".into(),
+                    daemon,
+                    message: message.into(),
+                }),
+            );
+            let list = m.list();
+            assert!(list.running.is_empty());
+            assert_eq!(list.counts.unknown, 4);
+            assert_eq!(list.counts.stopped, 0);
+            assert!(list.stopped.iter().all(
+                |r| matches!(&r.state, ProjectState::Unknown { reason } if reason.contains("hackd"))
+            ));
+            assert!(list.banners.iter().any(|b| match expected {
+                DaemonRecovery::Start => matches!(b, Banner::DaemonOff),
+                DaemonRecovery::Restart => matches!(b, Banner::DaemonMismatch { .. }),
+            }));
+            assert_eq!(m.daemon_recovery(), Some(expected));
+            assert!(m.detail().unwrap().actions.is_empty());
+            assert!(!m.can_start("storefront"));
+            assert!(!m.engine_observed());
+            assert!(
+                m.detail()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .services
+                    .iter()
+                    .all(|s| !s.running && s.status == "Status unknown")
+            );
+            let refreshed = m.begin_refresh();
+            m.finish_refresh(refreshed, fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running));
+            assert!(m.engine_observed());
+            assert!(m.can_start("storefront"));
+            assert!(!m.detail().unwrap().actions.is_empty());
+        }
+        let mut first_launch = AppModel::new();
+        first_launch.apply(Event::Refreshed(Err(SourceError::DaemonUnavailable {
+            cli: "5.0.0".into(),
+            daemon: None,
+            message: "hackd is off".into(),
+        })));
+        assert_eq!(first_launch.daemon_recovery(), Some(DaemonRecovery::Start));
+        assert!(matches!(first_launch.list().phase, Phase::Error { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stale_reads_cannot_erase_startup_failure() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        let before_start = m.begin_refresh();
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Restart,
+        });
+        let during_action = m.begin_refresh();
+        m.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Restart,
+            result: Err(SourceError::Cli {
+                code: "E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE".into(),
+                message: "Could not start api".into(),
+                failed: vec!["api".into()],
+            }),
+        });
+        assert!(!m.finish_refresh(before_start, fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running)));
+        assert!(!m.finish_refresh(during_action, fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running)));
+        let fresh = m.begin_refresh();
+        let mut snapshot = fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running).unwrap();
+        let project = snapshot
+            .projects
+            .projects
+            .iter_mut()
+            .find(|p| p.name == "storefront")
+            .unwrap();
+        project
+            .runtime
+            .as_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+            .services
+            .retain(|s| s.service != "api");
+        assert!(m.finish_refresh(fresh, Ok(snapshot)));
+        assert_eq!(
+            m.detail().unwrap().state,
+            ProjectState::FailedStart {
+                services: vec!["api".into()]
+            }
+        );
+        let recovered = m.begin_refresh();
+        assert!(m.finish_refresh(recovered, fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running)));
+        assert!(matches!(
+            m.detail().unwrap().state,
+            ProjectState::Running { .. }
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn last_applied_request_wins_and_failed_reads_retry_slowly() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+        let old = m.begin_refresh();
+        let new = m.begin_refresh();
+        assert!(m.finish_refresh(new, fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Stopped)));
+        assert!(!m.finish_refresh(old, fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running)));
+        assert_eq!(m.poll_interval(), std::time::Duration::from_secs(2));
+        let failed = m.begin_refresh();
+        m.finish_refresh(failed, fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Error));
+        assert_eq!(m.poll_interval(), std::time::Duration::from_secs(10));
+        assert_eq!(
+            Snapshot::poll_interval(None),
+            std::time::Duration::from_secs(10)
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn model(f: Fixture) -> AppModel {
+        let mut m = AppModel::new();
+        m.apply(Event::Refreshed(fixtures::snapshot(f)));
+        m
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn list_phases_for_every_list_fixture() {
+        assert_eq!(model(Fixture::Loading).list().phase, Phase::Loading);
+        assert_eq!(model(Fixture::Empty).list().phase, Phase::Empty);
+        assert_eq!(model(Fixture::CliMissing).list().phase, Phase::CliMissing);
+        assert!(matches!(
+            model(Fixture::Error).list().phase,
+            Phase::Error { .. }
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(
+            model(Fixture::DaemonDown).list().banners,
+            vec![Banner::DaemonOff]
+        );
+        assert!(matches!(
+            model(Fixture::DaemonMismatch).list().banners[..],
+            [Banner::DaemonMismatch { .. }]
+        ));
+        let engine = model(Fixture::EngineDown).list();
+        assert!(matches!(engine.banners[..], [Banner::EngineDown { .. }]));
+        assert!(engine.running.is_empty(), "unknown is not running");
+        assert_eq!(engine.counts.stopped, 0, "unknown is not stopped");
+        assert_eq!(engine.counts.unknown, 4);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn groups_and_selection() {
+        let v = model(Fixture::Running).list();
+        let names = |rows: &[Row]| rows.iter().map(|r| r.name.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(names(&v.running), ["docs-site", "storefront"]);
+        assert_eq!(names(&v.stopped), ["billing-api", "notes"]);
+        assert!(v.running[0].selected, "first running project selected");
+        assert!(v.running[0].always_on);
+        assert_eq!(v.doctor_count, 1);
+        assert!(v.doctor_known);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn doctor_is_unknown_until_it_has_run() {
+        let mut snap = fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running).unwrap();
+        snap.doctor = None; // live snapshots carry no doctor results
+        let mut m = AppModel::new();
+        m.apply(Event::Refreshed(Ok(snap)));
+        let v = m.list();
+        assert!(!v.doctor_known);
+        assert_eq!(v.doctor_count, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn failed_refresh_keeps_last_good_and_marks_stale() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+        m.apply(Event::Refreshed(Err(SourceError::Cli {
+            code: "E_UNEXPECTED".into(),
+            message: "boom".into(),
+            failed: vec![],
+        })));
+        let v = m.list();
+        assert_eq!(v.phase, Phase::Ready);
+        assert!(matches!(v.banners.last(), Some(Banner::Stale { .. })));
+        assert!(v.running.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(v.counts.unknown, 4);
+        assert!(m.detail().unwrap().actions.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn action_lifecycle_and_single_flight() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Stopped);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        assert_eq!(m.detail().unwrap().actions, vec![Action::Start]);
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+        });
+        let d = m.detail().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.state, ProjectState::Starting);
+        assert!(d.busy);
+        assert!(!m.can_start("storefront"));
+        // A second action while one runs is ignored.
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Restart,
+        });
+        let refresh = m.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+            result: Ok(ActionOutcome::Lifecycle(LifecycleResult {
+                services: crate::models::LifecycleServices {
+                    failed: vec!["api".into()],
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            })),
+        });
+        assert!(refresh, "lifecycle actions refresh at once");
+        assert_eq!(
+            m.detail().unwrap().state,
+            ProjectState::FailedStart {
+                services: vec!["api".into()]
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn open_is_single_flight_too() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Open,
+        });
+        assert!(!m.can_start("storefront"));
+        assert!(m.detail().unwrap().busy);
+        assert!(matches!(
+            m.detail().unwrap().state,
+            ProjectState::Running { .. }
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn startup_failure_error_names_failed_services() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Restart,
+        });
+        m.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Restart,
+            result: Err(SourceError::Cli {
+                code: "E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE".into(),
+                message: "m".into(),
+                failed: vec!["worker".into()],
+            }),
+        });
+        // Fixture still shows all running; the failure shows once a service is down.
+        assert!(m.detail().unwrap().last_error.is_some());
+        let mut d = model(Fixture::Degraded);
+        d.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        d.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+        });
+        d.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+            result: Err(SourceError::Cli {
+                code: "E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE".into(),
+                message: "m".into(),
+                failed: vec!["worker".into()],
+            }),
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            d.detail().unwrap().state,
+            ProjectState::FailedStart {
+                services: vec!["worker".into()]
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn recovered_failure_does_not_stay_latched() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Degraded);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+        });
+        m.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+            result: Err(SourceError::Cli {
+                code: "E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE".into(),
+                message: "m".into(),
+                failed: vec!["worker".into()],
+            }),
+        });
+        assert!(matches!(
+            m.detail().unwrap().state,
+            ProjectState::FailedStart { .. }
+        ));
+        // Recovered elsewhere: everything runs.
+        m.apply(Event::Refreshed(fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Running)));
+        assert!(matches!(
+            m.detail().unwrap().state,
+            ProjectState::Running { .. }
+        ));
+        // Then stopped elsewhere: plain Stopped, not "Failed to start".
+        m.apply(Event::Refreshed(fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Stopped)));
+        assert_eq!(m.detail().unwrap().state, ProjectState::Stopped);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn failed_start_with_nothing_created_stays_failed() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Stopped);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+        });
+        m.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Start,
+            result: Err(SourceError::Cli {
+                code: "E_STARTUP_INCOMPLETE".into(),
+                message: "m".into(),
+                failed: vec!["api".into()],
+            }),
+        });
+        let failed = ProjectState::FailedStart {
+            services: vec!["api".into()],
+        };
+        assert_eq!(m.detail().unwrap().state, failed);
+        // The same stopped observation is no evidence of recovery.
+        m.apply(Event::Refreshed(fixtures::snapshot(Fixture::Stopped)));
+        assert_eq!(m.detail().unwrap().state, failed);
+        // An explicit successful Stop clears it.
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Stop,
+        });
+        m.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Stop,
+            result: Ok(ActionOutcome::Lifecycle(LifecycleResult::default())),
+        });
+        assert_eq!(m.detail().unwrap().state, ProjectState::Stopped);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn native_projects_offer_no_actions_and_say_why() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("docs-site".into()));
+        let d = m.detail().unwrap();
+        assert!(d.actions.is_empty());
+        assert!(d.note.is_some());
+        assert_eq!(d.backend, "native");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn action_error_is_shown_on_the_project() {
+        let mut m = model(Fixture::Running);
+        m.apply(Event::Select("storefront".into()));
+        m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Stop,
+        });
+        m.apply(Event::ActionFinished {
+            project: "storefront".into(),
+            action: Action::Stop,
+            result: Err(SourceError::Cli {
+                code: "E_DOCKER_UNAVAILABLE".into(),
+                message: "down".into(),
+                failed: vec![],
+            }),
+        });
+        let d = m.detail().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.last_error.as_deref(), Some("E_DOCKER_UNAVAILABLE: down"));
+        assert!(!d.busy);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn every_detail_fixture_renders_a_detail() {
+        for f in [
+            Fixture::Stopped,
+            Fixture::Starting,
+            Fixture::Running,
+            Fixture::Degraded,
+            Fixture::Stopping,
+            Fixture::FailedStart,
+            Fixture::NeedsAttention,
+        ] {
+            let mut m = model(f);
+            m.apply(Event::Select(fixtures::selected(f).into()));
+            if let Some(a) = fixtures::local(f).in_flight {
+                m.apply(Event::ActionStarted {
+                    project: fixtures::selected(f).into(),
+                    action: a,
+                });
+            }
+            let d = m.detail().unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{f:?}"));
+            assert_eq!(d.name, "storefront");
+            assert_eq!(d.url.as_deref(), Some("https://storefront.hack"));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/core/tests/dump_state.rs b/apps/desktop/core/tests/dump_state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79135841f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/core/tests/dump_state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+//! Runs the real `hack-desktop-state` binary against a fake `hack` on PATH,
+//! and a private fake daemon, and checks the JSON.
+//! Hermetic: no real Hack home, daemon, Docker or network.
+
+use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::process::Command;
+
+fn temp_dir(tag: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    // Short on macOS too: the daemon socket must fit in sockaddr_un.
+    let d = PathBuf::from("/tmp").join(format!(
+        "hack-desktop-dump-{tag}-{}-{}",
+        std::process::id(),
+        std::time::SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_nanos()
+    ));
+    use std::os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt;
+    std::fs::DirBuilder::new().mode(0o700).create(&d).unwrap();
+    d
+}
+
+fn serve_snapshot(home: &std::path::Path) -> std::thread::JoinHandle<()> {
+    use std::io::{Read, Write};
+    use std::os::unix::{fs::DirBuilderExt, net::UnixListener};
+    let dir = home.join("daemon");
+    std::fs::DirBuilder::new().mode(0o700).create(&dir).unwrap();
+    let listener = UnixListener::bind(dir.join("hackd.sock")).unwrap();
+    listener.set_nonblocking(true).unwrap();
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let bodies = [
+            r#"{"status":"ok","version":"5.0.0"}"#,
+            r#"{"runtime_ok":true,"projects":[{"name":"alpha","status":"running","repo_root":"/work/alpha","defined_services":["api"],"runtime":{"services":[{"service":"api","containers":[{"state":"running","status":"Up 5 minutes"}]}]}},{"name":"beta","status":"stopped","repo_root":"/work/beta","defined_services":["web"]}]}"#,
+        ];
+        for body in bodies {
+            let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(3);
+            let (mut stream, _) = loop {
+                match listener.accept() {
+                    Ok(pair) => break pair,
+                    Err(e)
+                        if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock
+                            && std::time::Instant::now() < deadline =>
+                    {
+                        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(5))
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => panic!("fake daemon accept failed or timed out: {e}"),
+                }
+            };
+            stream
+                .set_read_timeout(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3)))
+                .unwrap();
+            let mut request = [0; 4096];
+            let n = stream.read(&mut request).unwrap();
+            assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&request[..n]).starts_with("GET /v1/"));
+            write!(
+                stream,
+                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: {}\r\n\r\n{}",
+                body.len(),
+                body
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn dump_state_reads_the_cli_like_the_app_and_prints_view_models() {
+    let bin = temp_dir("bin");
+    let home = temp_dir("home");
+    let hack = bin.join("hack");
+    std::fs::write(
+        &hack,
+        r#"#!/bin/sh
+case "$1" in
+  --version) echo "hack v5.0.0" ;;
+  projects) echo called > "$HACK_HOME/unsafe-listing"; exit 2 ;;
+  *) echo "unexpected: $*" >&2; exit 2 ;;
+esac
+"#,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    std::fs::set_permissions(&hack, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
+    // Keep macOS first-launch scanning outside the fake daemon's accept
+    // deadline, using the same bounded runner as the application.
+    hack_desktop_core::runner::CliRunner::new(&hack)
+        .version(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60))
+        .unwrap();
+    let server = serve_snapshot(&home);
+
+    let out = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_hack-desktop-state"))
+        .env("PATH", format!("{}:/usr/bin:/bin", bin.display()))
+        .env("HACK_HOME", &home)
+        .env("HOME", &home)
+        .env("HACK_DAEMON_AUTOSTART_DISABLE", "1")
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    server.join().unwrap();
+    assert!(
+        !home.join("unsafe-listing").exists(),
+        "no registry-writing fallback"
+    );
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&bin);
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&home);
+    assert!(
+        out.status.success(),
+        "{}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr)
+    );
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&out.stdout).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(v["source"]["ok"], true);
+    assert_eq!(v["source"]["cli_version"], "5.0.0");
+    assert_eq!(v["source"]["daemon"]["version"], "5.0.0");
+    assert_eq!(v["list"]["phase"]["phase"], "ready");
+    assert_eq!(v["list"]["banners"], serde_json::json!([]));
+    assert_eq!(v["list"]["running"][0]["name"], "alpha");
+    assert_eq!(v["list"]["stopped"][0]["name"], "beta");
+    let details = v["details"].as_array().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(details.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(details[0]["name"], "alpha");
+    assert_eq!(details[0]["state"]["state"], "running");
+    assert_eq!(details[0]["services"][0]["name"], "api");
+    assert_eq!(details[1]["state"]["state"], "stopped");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn dump_state_without_hack_reports_the_missing_cli() {
+    let empty = temp_dir("empty");
+    let out = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_hack-desktop-state"))
+        .env("PATH", empty.display().to_string())
+        .env("HACK_HOME", &empty)
+        .env("HOME", &empty)
+        .env("HACK_DAEMON_AUTOSTART_DISABLE", "1")
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&empty);
+    assert!(out.status.success());
+    let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&out.stdout).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v["source"]["ok"], false);
+    assert_eq!(v["list"]["phase"]["phase"], "cli_missing");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn missing_daemon_never_runs_the_registry_writing_cli_listing() {
+    let home = temp_dir("observe");
+    let hack = home.join("hack");
+    std::fs::write(&hack, "#!/bin/sh\ncase \"$1\" in --version) echo 'hack v5.0.0';; *) echo called > \"$HACK_HOME/unexpected\"; exit 1;; esac\n").unwrap();
+    std::fs::set_permissions(&hack, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+    let out = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_hack-desktop-state"))
+        .env("PATH", &home)
+        .env("HOME", &home)
+        .env("HACK_HOME", &home)
+        .env("HACK_DAEMON_AUTOSTART_DISABLE", "1")
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(out.status.success());
+    assert!(!home.join("unexpected").exists());
+    let body: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&out.stdout).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(body["source"]["ok"], false);
+    assert!(
+        body["source"]["error"]
+            .as_str()
+            .unwrap()
+            .contains("hackd is off")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(body["list"]["phase"]["phase"], "error");
+    std::fs::remove_dir_all(home).unwrap();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn daemon_recovery_runs_only_the_requested_command_and_checks_its_exit() {
+    use hack_desktop_core::runner::CliRunner;
+    use hack_desktop_core::source::{DaemonRecovery, LiveSource, Source};
+    let home = temp_dir("recover");
+    let hack = home.join("hack");
+    std::fs::write(&hack, "#!/bin/sh\nprintf '%s' \"$*\" > \"$HACK_HOME/called\"\nif [ \"$2\" = restart ]; then echo 'daemon could not restart' >&2; exit 1; fi\n").unwrap();
+    std::fs::set_permissions(&hack, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o700)).unwrap();
+    let source = LiveSource {
+        runner: CliRunner::new(hack)
+            .with_env("HOME", home.to_str().unwrap())
+            .with_env("HACK_HOME", home.to_str().unwrap())
+            .with_env("HACK_DAEMON_AUTOSTART_DISABLE", "1"),
+        daemon: None,
+    };
+    assert!(!home.join("called").exists());
+    source.recover_daemon(DaemonRecovery::Start).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        std::fs::read_to_string(home.join("called")).unwrap(),
+        "daemon start"
+    );
+    let error = source.recover_daemon(DaemonRecovery::Restart).unwrap_err();
+    assert!(error.contains("daemon could not restart"));
+    assert_eq!(
+        std::fs::read_to_string(home.join("called")).unwrap(),
+        "daemon restart"
+    );
+    std::fs::remove_dir_all(home).unwrap();
+}
diff --git a/apps/desktop/mise.toml b/apps/desktop/mise.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55f6bde73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/mise.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# The desktop workspace needs Rust 1.98.1 (see rust-toolchain.toml); the repo
+# root keeps its own pin.
+[tools]
+rust = "1.98.1"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/rust-toolchain.toml b/apps/desktop/rust-toolchain.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a144be41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[toolchain]
+# Pinned for this workspace only (macOS needs >= 1.98: gpui-pre-macos 0.3.12
+# uses Option::map_or_default). The repo root pin is unchanged.
+channel = "1.98.1"
+components = ["rustfmt", "clippy"]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/screenshots/fixtures-dark.png b/apps/desktop/screenshots/fixtures-dark.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51ce1fe01
Binary files /dev/null and b/apps/desktop/screenshots/fixtures-dark.png differ
diff --git a/apps/desktop/screenshots/fixtures-light.png b/apps/desktop/screenshots/fixtures-light.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68520107b
Binary files /dev/null and b/apps/desktop/screenshots/fixtures-light.png differ