diff --git a/src/define_sqlite_store.ts b/src/define_sqlite_store.ts
index c6eb1263..0445db70 100644
--- a/src/define_sqlite_store.ts
+++ b/src/define_sqlite_store.ts
@@ -580,14 +580,19 @@ export function defineSqliteStore<
    */
   const buildGuarded = (conn: SqliteConnection, options: BindOptions): Functions => {
     let building = true;
+    // A failure on a surface the store has moved off of says nothing about the one it runs on.
+    let built: Functions | undefined;
+    const superseded = (): boolean => built !== undefined && running !== built;
     const guarded = guardedConnection(
       conn,
       (error, op) => {
         const message = messageOf(error);
         if (building && !STORAGE_FAILURE.test(message) && !CONTENTION.test(message)) throw error;
-        onSqliteFailure(error, op, options);
+        if (superseded()) return;
+        onSqliteFailure(error, op, options, superseded);
       },
       (error, op) =>
+        !superseded() &&
         reportStoreDegradation({
           scope: `${config.name}.contention`,
           group: 'store.contention',
@@ -598,7 +603,7 @@ export function defineSqliteStore<
           extra: extra({ op }),
         }),
       (error, op, sql) => {
-        if (statementErrors.seen(config.name, messageOf(error))) return;
+        if (superseded() || statementErrors.seen(config.name, messageOf(error))) return;
         reportStoreDegradation({
           scope: `${config.name}.statement_error`,
           group: 'store.statement_error',
@@ -610,6 +615,7 @@ export function defineSqliteStore<
     );
     const { surface } = buildOver(guarded, !!options.temporary, version, conn);
     building = false;
+    built = surface;
     return surface;
   };
 
@@ -656,8 +662,10 @@ export function defineSqliteStore<
    * when the file is what failed, deletes it and starts empty — and refetches into it; after that, it moves to its
    * in-memory fallback. Deferred, so the failing statement's caller unwinds first.
    */
-  const onSqliteFailure = (error: unknown, op: string, options: BindOptions): void => {
+  const onSqliteFailure = (error: unknown, op: string, options: BindOptions, superseded: () => boolean): void => {
     queueMicrotask(() => {
+      // The store may have moved on between the failure and now, such as a retry binding it back onto its file.
+      if (superseded()) return;
       const recovery = options.recovery;
       if (!recovery || options.temporary || reopens >= MAX_REOPENS) {
         moveToFallback(error, op, options);
diff --git a/src/tests/superseded_connection.test.ts b/src/tests/superseded_connection.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e631d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/superseded_connection.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import { defineSqliteStore } from '../define_sqlite_store';
+import { resetOnceGuards } from '../diagnostics/once_guard';
+import { itProd } from '../testing/dev_mode';
+import { installTestRuntime } from '../testing/runtime';
+import { SqliteConnection } from '../table/connection';
+import { StoreTableSchema } from '../table/partitioned';
+
+const runtime = installTestRuntime();
+
+type Thing = { id: string };
+
+const schema: StoreTableSchema<Thing> = {
+  table: 'things',
+  columns: { id: { type: 'TEXT' } },
+  uniqueBy: ['id'],
+  entityId: 'id',
+};
+
+/**
+ * A connection named `label`, which answers `SELECT label` with its name and every other statement with nothing, and
+ * whose `SELECT`s fail with `failWith` once `failing.now` is set.
+ */
+function namedConn(label: string, failWith: string) {
+  const failing = { now: false };
+  const conn: SqliteConnection = {
+    execute: (sql: string) => {
+      if (sql === 'SELECT label') return { rows: { _array: [{ label }] } };
+      if (failing.now && sql.startsWith('SELECT')) throw new Error(failWith);
+      return { rows: { _array: [] } };
+    },
+  };
+  return { conn, failing };
+}
+
+function labelledStore() {
+  return defineSqliteStore({
+    name: 'superseded_store',
+    schema,
+    partition: ({ id }: { id?: string }) => (id ? { id } : null),
+    build: (cellar) => ({ reads: { label: cellar.caps.label, rows: () => cellar.table.find({}) } }),
+    capabilities: (conn: SqliteConnection): { label: string } => {
+      const [row] = (conn.execute('SELECT label').rows?._array ?? []) as Array<{ label: string }>;
+      return { label: row?.label ?? 'unbound' };
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+const flush = () => new Promise<void>((resolve) => queueMicrotask(resolve));
+
+/**
+ * A store on its in-memory fallback that a retry binds back onto its file still has the fallback's writes in flight.
+ * Each resumes on the fallback's connection, and in the app on whatever nitro now holds under that name — such as a
+ * fresh in-memory database with none of its `TEMP` tables (SLEEPER-PROD-84T1, SLEEPER-PROD-84GX).
+ */
+describe('defineSqliteStore — a failure on a connection the store has moved off of', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    resetOnceGuards();
+    runtime.captureException.mockClear();
+    runtime.captureMessage.mockClear();
+  });
+
+  itProd('leaves the store on the connection it moved to, rather than unbinding it', async () => {
+    const store = labelledStore();
+    const memory = namedConn('memory', 'disk I/O error');
+    const disk = namedConn('disk', 'disk I/O error');
+    const onLeftFile = jest.fn();
+    // As `bindSqliteStore` binds in memory: temporary, and nothing to fall back to.
+    store.bindSqlite(memory.conn, { temporary: true, recovery: { reopen: () => disk.conn, onLeftFile } });
+    // A write already under way on the in-memory surface, taken before the store moves.
+    const inFlight = store.reads.rows;
+    // As `retrySqliteStores` binds it back onto its file.
+    store.bindSqlite(disk.conn, { recovery: { reopen: () => disk.conn, fallback: () => memory.conn, onLeftFile } });
+
+    memory.failing.now = true;
+    expect(inFlight()).toEqual([]);
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(store.reads.label).toBe('disk');
+    expect(onLeftFile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(runtime.captureException).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  itProd("doesn't report a read that fails on the superseded connection's own statement", async () => {
+    const store = labelledStore();
+    const memory = namedConn('memory', 'no such table: temp.things__write_clock');
+    const disk = namedConn('disk', 'no such table: temp.things__write_clock');
+    store.bindSqlite(memory.conn, { temporary: true, recovery: { reopen: () => disk.conn } });
+    const inFlight = store.reads.rows;
+    store.bindSqlite(disk.conn, { recovery: { reopen: () => disk.conn, fallback: () => memory.conn } });
+
+    memory.failing.now = true;
+    inFlight();
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(runtime.captureException).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(store.reads.label).toBe('disk');
+  });
+
+  itProd('still unbinds a store whose running in-memory connection fails', async () => {
+    const store = labelledStore();
+    const memory = namedConn('memory', 'disk I/O error');
+    const onLeftFile = jest.fn();
+    store.bindSqlite(memory.conn, { temporary: true, recovery: { reopen: () => memory.conn, onLeftFile } });
+
+    memory.failing.now = true;
+    store.reads.rows();
+    await flush();
+
+    expect(store.reads.label).toBe('unbound');
+    expect(onLeftFile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});