diff --git a/src/paimon/CMakeLists.txt b/src/paimon/CMakeLists.txt
index 8fb6c17d1..3de2b667e 100644
--- a/src/paimon/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/paimon/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -275,6 +275,7 @@ set(PAIMON_CORE_SRCS
     core/io/data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer.cpp
     core/io/data_file_meta.cpp
     core/io/data_file_meta_serializer.cpp
+    core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.cpp
     core/io/data_file_path_factory.cpp
     core/io/data_file_index_writer.cpp
     core/io/file_index_options.cpp
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/append/bucketed_append_compact_manager_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/append/bucketed_append_compact_manager_test.cpp
index ee56825b5..712dd3667 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/append/bucketed_append_compact_manager_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/append/bucketed_append_compact_manager_test.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class BucketedAppendCompactManagerTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> NewNamedFile(const std::string& file_name, int64_t file_size,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class BucketedAppendCompactManagerTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<BucketedDvMaintainer> CreateTestDvMaintainer(
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/deletionvectors/deletion_vector_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/deletionvectors/deletion_vector_test.cpp
index daf2ecf1c..bff4b46a3 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/deletionvectors/deletion_vector_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/deletionvectors/deletion_vector_test.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CreateDataFileMeta(const std::string& file_name) {
         /*min_sequence_number=*/0, /*max_sequence_number=*/0, /*schema_id=*/0,
         DataFileMeta::DUMMY_LEVEL, std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>{}, Timestamp(0, 0),
         std::nullopt, nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
-        std::nullopt);
+        std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/global_index/indexed_split_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/global_index/indexed_split_test.cpp
index 857f50bfa..7cd121257 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/global_index/indexed_split_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/global_index/indexed_split_test.cpp
@@ -56,17 +56,20 @@ TEST(IndexedSplitTest, TestSimple) {
         "file1.orc", 100l, 200l, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
         SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), 50l, 249l, 0, 0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(1765535214349l, 0), 0, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 50l, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 50l, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "file2.orc", 101l, 100l, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
         SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), 250l, 349l, 0, 0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(1765535214349l, 0), 0, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 250l, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 250l, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "file3.orc", 102l, 200l, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
         SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), 1000l, 1199l, 0, 0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(1765535214349l, 0), 0, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 1000l, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 1000l, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -82,8 +85,11 @@ TEST(IndexedSplitTest, TestSimple) {
 
     ASSERT_EQ(*result_indexed_split, *expected_indexed_split) << result_indexed_split->ToString();
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::string serialize_bytes, Split::Serialize(result_indexed_split, pool));
-    ASSERT_EQ(serialize_bytes,
-              std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(split_bytes.data()), split_bytes.size()));
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::shared_ptr<Split> roundtrip,
+                         Split::Deserialize(serialize_bytes.data(), serialize_bytes.size(), pool));
+    auto roundtrip_indexed_split = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IndexedSplitImpl>(roundtrip);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*roundtrip_indexed_split, *expected_indexed_split)
+        << roundtrip_indexed_split->ToString();
 }
 
 TEST(IndexedSplitTest, TestIndexedSplitWithScore) {
@@ -107,17 +113,20 @@ TEST(IndexedSplitTest, TestIndexedSplitWithScore) {
         "file1.orc", 100l, 200l, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
         SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), 50l, 249l, 0, 0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(1765549435648l, 0), 0, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 50l, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 50l, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "file2.orc", 101l, 100l, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
         SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), 250l, 349l, 0, 0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(1765549435649l, 0), 0, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 250l, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 250l, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "file3.orc", 102l, 200l, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
         SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), 1000l, 1199l, 0, 0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(1765549435649l, 0), 0, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 1000l, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 1000l, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -139,8 +148,11 @@ TEST(IndexedSplitTest, TestIndexedSplitWithScore) {
             "rowRanges=[[55, 56],[270, 270],[1001, 1002]], scores=[1.01,2.1,-1.32,4.23,50.74]") !=
         std::string::npos);
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::string serialize_bytes, Split::Serialize(result_indexed_split, pool));
-    ASSERT_EQ(serialize_bytes,
-              std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(split_bytes.data()), split_bytes.size()));
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::shared_ptr<Split> roundtrip,
+                         Split::Deserialize(serialize_bytes.data(), serialize_bytes.size(), pool));
+    auto roundtrip_indexed_split = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<IndexedSplitImpl>(roundtrip);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*roundtrip_indexed_split, *expected_indexed_split)
+        << roundtrip_indexed_split->ToString();
 }
 
 TEST(IndexedSplitTest, TestValidate) {
@@ -148,7 +160,8 @@ TEST(IndexedSplitTest, TestValidate) {
         "file.orc", 1l, 200l, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
         SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), 1000l, 1199l, 0, 0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(0l, 0), 0, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 1000l, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, 1000l, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/index/pksorted/pk_sorted_bucket_index_state_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/index/pksorted/pk_sorted_bucket_index_state_test.cpp
index d01f18c44..ec65f4ff1 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/index/pksorted/pk_sorted_bucket_index_state_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/index/pksorted/pk_sorted_bucket_index_state_test.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class PkSortedBucketIndexStateTest : public ::testing::Test {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, file_source, /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     /// Builds a payload whose source metadata lists the given sources in the given order.
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.cpp
index 7ce767f4b..cd8666098 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMeta::ForAppend(
         file_name, file_size, row_count, EmptyMinKey(), EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
         row_stats, min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, DUMMY_LEVEL, extra_files,
         Timestamp(/*millisecond=*/local_micro / 1000, /*nano_of_millisecond=*/0), 0ll,
-        embedded_index, file_source, value_stats_cols, external_path, first_row_id, write_cols);
+        embedded_index, file_source, value_stats_cols, external_path, first_row_id, write_cols,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMeta::Upgrade(int32_t new_level) const {
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMeta::Upgrade(int32_t new_level) c
         file_name, file_size, row_count, min_key, max_key, key_stats, value_stats,
         min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, new_level, extra_files, creation_time,
         delete_row_count, embedded_index, file_source, value_stats_cols, external_path,
-        first_row_id, write_cols);
+        first_row_id, write_cols, column_max_sequence_numbers);
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> DataFileMeta::CopyWithExtraFiles(
@@ -93,7 +94,16 @@ std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> DataFileMeta::CopyWithExtraFiles(
         file_name, file_size, row_count, min_key, max_key, key_stats, value_stats,
         min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level, new_extra_files, creation_time,
         delete_row_count, embedded_index, file_source, value_stats_cols, external_path,
-        first_row_id, write_cols);
+        first_row_id, write_cols, column_max_sequence_numbers);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> DataFileMeta::CopyWithColumnMaxSequenceNumbers(
+    const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& new_column_max_sequence_numbers) const {
+    return std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
+        file_name, file_size, row_count, min_key, max_key, key_stats, value_stats,
+        min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level, extra_files, creation_time,
+        delete_row_count, embedded_index, file_source, value_stats_cols, external_path,
+        first_row_id, write_cols, new_column_max_sequence_numbers);
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> DataFileMeta::CopyWithoutStats() const {
@@ -101,7 +111,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> DataFileMeta::CopyWithoutStats() const {
         file_name, file_size, row_count, min_key, max_key, key_stats, SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
         min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level, extra_files, creation_time,
         delete_row_count, embedded_index, file_source, std::vector<std::string>(), external_path,
-        first_row_id, write_cols);
+        first_row_id, write_cols, column_max_sequence_numbers);
 }
 
 DataFileMeta::DataFileMeta(
@@ -113,7 +123,8 @@ DataFileMeta::DataFileMeta(
     const std::shared_ptr<Bytes>& _embedded_index, const std::optional<FileSource>& _file_source,
     const std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>& _value_stats_cols,
     const std::optional<std::string>& _external_path, const std::optional<int64_t>& _first_row_id,
-    const std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>& _write_cols)
+    const std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>& _write_cols,
+    const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& _column_max_sequence_numbers)
     : file_name(_file_name),
       file_size(_file_size),
       row_count(_row_count),
@@ -133,7 +144,8 @@ DataFileMeta::DataFileMeta(
       value_stats_cols(_value_stats_cols),
       external_path(_external_path),
       first_row_id(_first_row_id),
-      write_cols(_write_cols) {}
+      write_cols(_write_cols),
+      column_max_sequence_numbers(_column_max_sequence_numbers) {}
 
 Result<std::string> DataFileMeta::FileFormat() const {
     size_t last_dot_index = file_name.find_last_of(".");
@@ -198,7 +210,8 @@ bool DataFileMeta::operator==(const DataFileMeta& other) const {
            creation_time == other.creation_time && delete_row_count == other.delete_row_count &&
            file_source == other.file_source && value_stats_cols == other.value_stats_cols &&
            external_path == other.external_path && first_row_id == other.first_row_id &&
-           write_cols == other.write_cols;
+           write_cols == other.write_cols &&
+           column_max_sequence_numbers == other.column_max_sequence_numbers;
 }
 
 bool DataFileMeta::operator!=(const DataFileMeta& other) const {
@@ -243,7 +256,8 @@ bool DataFileMeta::TEST_Equal(const DataFileMeta& other) const {
            level == other.level && delete_row_count == other.delete_row_count &&
            file_source == other.file_source && value_stats_cols == other.value_stats_cols &&
            compare_optional_ignore_name(external_path, other.external_path) &&
-           first_row_id == other.first_row_id && write_cols == other.write_cols;
+           first_row_id == other.first_row_id && write_cols == other.write_cols &&
+           column_max_sequence_numbers == other.column_max_sequence_numbers;
 }
 
 std::string DataFileMeta::ToString() const {
@@ -261,7 +275,8 @@ std::string DataFileMeta::ToString() const {
         "{}, "
         "keyStats: {}, valueStats: {}, minSequenceNumber: {}, maxSequenceNumber: {}, schemaId: "
         "{}, level: {}, extraFiles: {}, creationTime: {}, deleteRowCount: {}, fileSource: {}, "
-        "valueStatsCols: {}, externalPath: {}, firstRowId: {}, writeCols: {}}}",
+        "valueStatsCols: {}, externalPath: {}, firstRowId: {}, writeCols: {}, "
+        "columnMaxSequenceNumbers: {}}}",
         file_name, file_size, row_count,
         embedded_index == nullptr ? "null"
                                   : std::string(embedded_index->data(), embedded_index->size()),
@@ -275,7 +290,10 @@ std::string DataFileMeta::ToString() const {
             : fmt::format("{}", fmt::join(value_stats_cols.value(), ", ")),
         external_path == std::nullopt ? "null" : external_path.value(),
         first_row_id == std::nullopt ? "null" : std::to_string(first_row_id.value()),
-        write_cols == std::nullopt ? "null" : fmt::format("{}", write_cols.value()));
+        write_cols == std::nullopt ? "null" : fmt::format("{}", write_cols.value()),
+        column_max_sequence_numbers == std::nullopt
+            ? "null"
+            : fmt::format("{}", column_max_sequence_numbers.value()));
 }
 
 int64_t DataFileMeta::GetMaxSequenceNumber(
@@ -315,6 +333,9 @@ const std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType>& DataFileMeta::DataType() {
          arrow::field("_FIRST_ROW_ID", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/true),
          arrow::field("_WRITE_COLS",
                       arrow::list(arrow::field("item", arrow::utf8(), /*nullable=*/false)),
+                      /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_WRITE_COLS_SEQUENCES",
+                      arrow::list(arrow::field("item", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/false)),
                       /*nullable=*/true)});
     return schema;
 }
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.h b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.h
index 98aaa0ee7..436d73785 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.h
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.h
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ struct DataFileMeta {
                  const std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>& _value_stats_cols,
                  const std::optional<std::string>& _external_path,
                  const std::optional<int64_t>& _first_row_id,
-                 const std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>& _write_cols);
+                 const std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>& _write_cols,
+                 const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& _column_max_sequence_numbers);
 
     static Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> ForAppend(
         const std::string& file_name, int64_t file_size, int64_t row_count,
@@ -83,6 +84,9 @@ struct DataFileMeta {
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CopyWithExtraFiles(
         const std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>& new_extra_files) const;
 
+    std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CopyWithColumnMaxSequenceNumbers(
+        const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& new_column_max_sequence_numbers) const;
+
     /// Create a copy without value statistics. All other metadata is preserved.
     ///
     /// @return A new metadata object with empty value statistics and value-stat columns.
@@ -167,5 +171,12 @@ struct DataFileMeta {
     std::optional<int64_t> first_row_id;
 
     std::optional<std::vector<std::string>> write_cols;
+
+    /// Maximum sequence number per physical table field after data-evolution compaction.
+    ///
+    /// Values follow the table-field order selected by `write_cols` when it is non-null (system
+    /// fields are ignored), or the file schema field order otherwise. A null value means that only
+    /// the file-level sequence range is available.
+    std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>> column_max_sequence_numbers;
 };
 }  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_09_serializer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_09_serializer.cpp
index 7eaffc911..7eae41d13 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_09_serializer.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_09_serializer.cpp
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMeta09Serializer::FromRow(
         embedded_file_index, file_source,
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 }  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_10_serializer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_10_serializer.cpp
index fea60eeb5..bf99f99d8 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_10_serializer.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_10_serializer.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMeta10Serializer::FromRow(
         min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level,
         InternalRowUtils::FromStringArrayData(extra_files.get()), creation_time, delete_row_count,
         embedded_file_index, file_source, std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>(value_stats_cols),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 }  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_12_serializer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_12_serializer.cpp
index fe46a85c8..07fa1353a 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_12_serializer.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_12_serializer.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMeta12Serializer::FromRow(
         min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level,
         InternalRowUtils::FromStringArrayData(extra_files.get()), creation_time, delete_row_count,
         embedded_file_index, file_source, std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>(value_stats_cols),
-        external_path, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        external_path, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 }  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer.cpp
index a834e47f0..3e82290d6 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMetaFirstRowIdLegacySerializer::Fr
         min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level,
         InternalRowUtils::FromStringArrayData(extra_files.get()), creation_time, delete_row_count,
         embedded_file_index, file_source, std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>(value_stats_cols),
-        external_path, first_row_id, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        external_path, first_row_id, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 }  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer.cpp
index 560299684..9f88ebec0 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "paimon/common/data/binary_array.h"
 #include "paimon/common/data/binary_row_writer.h"
 #include "paimon/common/data/binary_string.h"
 #include "paimon/common/data/internal_row.h"
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ class InternalArray;
 class MemoryPool;
 
 Result<BinaryRow> DataFileMetaSerializer::ToRow(const std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>& meta) const {
-    BinaryRow row(20);
+    BinaryRow row(NumFields());
     BinaryRowWriter writer(&row, 32 * 1024, pool_.get());
     writer.WriteString(0, BinaryString::FromString(meta->file_name, pool_.get()));
     writer.WriteLong(1, meta->file_size);
@@ -95,6 +96,12 @@ Result<BinaryRow> DataFileMetaSerializer::ToRow(const std::shared_ptr<DataFileMe
         writer.WriteArray(
             19, InternalRowUtils::ToNotNullStringArrayData(meta->write_cols.value(), pool_));
     }
+    if (meta->column_max_sequence_numbers == std::nullopt) {
+        writer.SetNullAt(20);
+    } else {
+        writer.WriteArray(
+            20, BinaryArray::FromLongArray(meta->column_max_sequence_numbers.value(), pool_.get()));
+    }
     writer.Complete();
     return row;
 }
@@ -160,6 +167,15 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMetaSerializer::FromRow(
         }
         write_cols = InternalRowUtils::FromNotNullStringArrayData(array.get());
     }
+
+    std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>> column_max_sequence_numbers;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(20)) {
+        std::shared_ptr<InternalArray> array = row.GetArray(20);
+        if (array == nullptr) {
+            return Status::Invalid("invalid column max sequence numbers");
+        }
+        PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(column_max_sequence_numbers, array->ToLongArray());
+    }
     PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(BinaryRow min_values, SerializationUtils::DeserializeBinaryRow(min_key));
     PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(BinaryRow max_values, SerializationUtils::DeserializeBinaryRow(max_key));
     PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(SimpleStats key_stats,
@@ -171,7 +187,7 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMetaSerializer::FromRow(
         min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level,
         InternalRowUtils::FromStringArrayData(extra_files.get()), creation_time, delete_row_count,
         embedded_file_index, file_source, std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>(value_stats_cols),
-        external_path, first_row_id, write_cols);
+        external_path, first_row_id, write_cols, column_max_sequence_numbers);
 }
 
 }  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer_test.cpp
index 18ba25788..5fdc452b3 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer_test.cpp
@@ -21,13 +21,16 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "arrow/api.h"
 #include "arrow/array/builder_base.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "paimon/common/io/memory_segment_output_stream.h"
 #include "paimon/common/memory/memory_segment_utils.h"
+#include "paimon/common/utils/checked_cast.h"
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.h"
+#include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.h"
 #include "paimon/core/stats/simple_stats.h"
 #include "paimon/data/timestamp.h"
 #include "paimon/io/byte_array_input_stream.h"
@@ -49,7 +52,9 @@ class DataFileMetaSerializerTest : public testing::Test {
     }
 
  private:
-    std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> GetDataFileMeta() {
+    std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> GetDataFileMeta(
+        const std::optional<std::vector<int64_t>>& column_max_sequence_numbers =
+            std::vector<int64_t>{16, 32}) {
         return std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
             "some_file_name", 1024, 8, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(), DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(),
             SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), /*min_seq_no=*/16,
@@ -58,7 +63,8 @@ class DataFileMetaSerializerTest : public testing::Test {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/3,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::optional<std::string>(),
-            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+            column_max_sequence_numbers);
     }
 
     const int32_t TRIES = 100;
@@ -68,6 +74,7 @@ class DataFileMetaSerializerTest : public testing::Test {
 
 TEST_F(DataFileMetaSerializerTest, TestToFromRow) {
     DataFileMetaSerializer serializer(memory_pool_);
+    ASSERT_EQ(serializer.NumFields(), 21);
     auto expected = GetDataFileMeta();
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < TRIES; i++) {
         ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto row, serializer.ToRow(expected));
@@ -76,6 +83,15 @@ TEST_F(DataFileMetaSerializerTest, TestToFromRow) {
     }
 }
 
+TEST_F(DataFileMetaSerializerTest, TestLegacySerializerSchema) {
+    DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer serializer(memory_pool_);
+    ASSERT_EQ(serializer.NumFields(), 20);
+    auto legacy_type =
+        checked_pointer_cast<arrow::StructType>(DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer::DataType());
+    ASSERT_EQ(legacy_type->num_fields(), 20);
+    ASSERT_EQ(legacy_type->field(19)->name(), "_WRITE_COLS");
+}
+
 TEST_F(DataFileMetaSerializerTest, TestSerialize) {
     DataFileMetaSerializer serializer(memory_pool_);
     auto expected = GetDataFileMeta();
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_test.cpp
index f7283f158..f76bc0ae8 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_test.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestCopyWithoutStats) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0", "f1"}),
         /*external_path=*/"file:/tmp/bucket-0/data-0.orc", /*first_row_id=*/100,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> result = file_meta->CopyWithoutStats();
 
@@ -68,7 +69,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestAddRowCount) {
                            /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
                            /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
                            /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-                           /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+                           /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+                           /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_EQ(3, file_meta.AddRowCount().value());
     // test null delete row count
     file_meta.delete_row_count = std::nullopt;
@@ -85,7 +87,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestFileFormat) {
                            /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
                            /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
                            /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-                           /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+                           /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+                           /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto file_format, file_meta.FileFormat());
     ASSERT_EQ("orc", file_format);
     file_meta.file_name = "data-80110e15-97b5-4bcf-ac09-6ca2659a4950-0.parquet";
@@ -107,7 +110,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestExternalPathDir) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/"file:/tmp/bucket-0/data-80110e15-97b5-4bcf-ac09-6ca2659a4950-0.orc",
-        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_EQ("file:/tmp/bucket-0", file_meta.ExternalPathDir().value());
     file_meta.external_path = std::nullopt;
     ASSERT_EQ(std::nullopt, file_meta.ExternalPathDir());
@@ -123,7 +127,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestGetMaxSequenceNumber) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737111915429ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-80110e15-97b5-4bcf-ac09-6ca2659a4950-1.orc", /*file_size=*/645,
         /*row_count=*/5, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -133,7 +138,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestGetMaxSequenceNumber) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737111915429ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_EQ(4, DataFileMeta::GetMaxSequenceNumber({file_meta1}));
     ASSERT_EQ(10, DataFileMeta::GetMaxSequenceNumber({file_meta1, file_meta2}));
     ASSERT_EQ(-1, DataFileMeta::GetMaxSequenceNumber({}));
@@ -152,7 +158,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestNonNullFirstRowId) {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737111915429ll, 0),
             /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(int64_t first_row_id, file_meta->NonNullFirstRowId());
         ASSERT_EQ(100, first_row_id);
     }
@@ -167,7 +174,7 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestNonNullFirstRowId) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         ASSERT_NOK_WITH_MSG(file_meta->NonNullFirstRowId(),
                             "First row id of data-1.orc should not be null.");
     }
@@ -184,7 +191,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestToFileSelection) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737111915429ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     {
         ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::optional<RoaringBitmap32> result,
@@ -223,7 +231,8 @@ TEST(DataFileMetaTest, TestUpgrade) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737111915429ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     // test normal upgrade
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto new_file_meta, file_meta->Upgrade(10));
     ASSERT_EQ(new_file_meta->level, 10);
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac2d480b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "arrow/type.h"
+#include "paimon/common/data/internal_row.h"
+#include "paimon/common/utils/internal_row_utils.h"
+#include "paimon/common/utils/serialization_utils.h"
+#include "paimon/core/manifest/file_source.h"
+#include "paimon/core/stats/simple_stats.h"
+#include "paimon/data/timestamp.h"
+#include "paimon/status.h"
+
+namespace paimon {
+
+class Bytes;
+class InternalArray;
+
+const std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType>& DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer::DataType() {
+    static std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType> schema = arrow::struct_(
+        {arrow::field("_FILE_NAME", arrow::utf8(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_FILE_SIZE", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_ROW_COUNT", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_MIN_KEY", arrow::binary(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_MAX_KEY", arrow::binary(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_KEY_STATS", SimpleStats::DataType(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_VALUE_STATS", SimpleStats::DataType(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_MIN_SEQUENCE_NUMBER", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_MAX_SEQUENCE_NUMBER", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_SCHEMA_ID", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_LEVEL", arrow::int32(), /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_EXTRA_FILES",
+                      arrow::list(arrow::field("item", arrow::utf8(), /*nullable=*/false)),
+                      /*nullable=*/false),
+         arrow::field("_CREATION_TIME", arrow::timestamp(arrow::TimeUnit::MILLI),
+                      /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_DELETE_ROW_COUNT", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_EMBEDDED_FILE_INDEX", arrow::binary(), /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_FILE_SOURCE", arrow::int8(), /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_VALUE_STATS_COLS",
+                      arrow::list(arrow::field("item", arrow::utf8(), /*nullable=*/false)),
+                      /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_EXTERNAL_PATH", arrow::utf8(), /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_FIRST_ROW_ID", arrow::int64(), /*nullable=*/true),
+         arrow::field("_WRITE_COLS",
+                      arrow::list(arrow::field("item", arrow::utf8(), /*nullable=*/false)),
+                      /*nullable=*/true)});
+    return schema;
+}
+
+Result<BinaryRow> DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer::ToRow(
+    const std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>&) const {
+    assert(false);
+    return Status::Invalid("to row for DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer is invalid");
+}
+
+Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer::FromRow(
+    const InternalRow& row) const {
+    auto file_name = row.GetString(0);
+    auto file_size = row.GetLong(1);
+    auto row_count = row.GetLong(2);
+    auto min_key = row.GetBinary(3);
+    auto max_key = row.GetBinary(4);
+    auto key_stats_row = row.GetRow(5, 3);
+    auto value_stats_row = row.GetRow(6, 3);
+    auto min_sequence_number = row.GetLong(7);
+    auto max_sequence_number = row.GetLong(8);
+    auto schema_id = row.GetLong(9);
+    auto level = row.GetInt(10);
+    std::shared_ptr<InternalArray> extra_files = row.GetArray(11);
+    auto creation_time = row.GetTimestamp(12, 3);
+
+    assert(min_key && max_key && key_stats_row && value_stats_row);
+    if (extra_files == nullptr) {
+        return Status::Invalid("extra files is empty");
+    }
+
+    std::optional<int64_t> delete_row_count;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(13)) {
+        delete_row_count = row.GetLong(13);
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<Bytes> embedded_file_index;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(14)) {
+        embedded_file_index = row.GetBinary(14);
+    }
+
+    std::optional<FileSource> file_source;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(15)) {
+        PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(file_source, FileSource::FromByteValue(row.GetByte(15)));
+    }
+
+    std::optional<std::vector<std::string>> value_stats_cols;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(16)) {
+        std::shared_ptr<InternalArray> array = row.GetArray(16);
+        if (array == nullptr) {
+            return Status::Invalid("invalid value stats cols");
+        }
+        value_stats_cols = InternalRowUtils::FromNotNullStringArrayData(array.get());
+    }
+
+    std::optional<std::string> external_path;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(17)) {
+        external_path = row.GetString(17).ToString();
+    }
+    std::optional<int64_t> first_row_id;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(18)) {
+        first_row_id = row.GetLong(18);
+    }
+
+    std::optional<std::vector<std::string>> write_cols;
+    if (!row.IsNullAt(19)) {
+        std::shared_ptr<InternalArray> array = row.GetArray(19);
+        if (array == nullptr) {
+            return Status::Invalid("invalid write cols");
+        }
+        write_cols = InternalRowUtils::FromNotNullStringArrayData(array.get());
+    }
+
+    PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(BinaryRow min_values, SerializationUtils::DeserializeBinaryRow(min_key));
+    PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(BinaryRow max_values, SerializationUtils::DeserializeBinaryRow(max_key));
+    PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(SimpleStats key_stats,
+                           SimpleStats::FromRow(key_stats_row.get(), pool_.get()));
+    PAIMON_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(SimpleStats value_stats,
+                           SimpleStats::FromRow(value_stats_row.get(), pool_.get()));
+    return std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
+        file_name.ToString(), file_size, row_count, min_values, max_values, key_stats, value_stats,
+        min_sequence_number, max_sequence_number, schema_id, level,
+        InternalRowUtils::FromStringArrayData(extra_files.get()), creation_time, delete_row_count,
+        embedded_file_index, file_source, std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>(value_stats_cols),
+        external_path, first_row_id, write_cols,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
+}
+
+}  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.h b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a08d28cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "paimon/common/data/binary_row.h"
+#include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta.h"
+#include "paimon/core/utils/object_serializer.h"
+#include "paimon/result.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+class DataType;
+}  // namespace arrow
+
+namespace paimon {
+class InternalRow;
+class MemoryPool;
+
+/// Legacy serializer for `DataFileMeta` before column sequence numbers were introduced.
+class DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer
+    : public ObjectSerializer<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> {
+ public:
+    static const std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType>& DataType();
+
+    explicit DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer(const std::shared_ptr<MemoryPool>& pool)
+        : ObjectSerializer<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>>(DataType(), pool) {}
+
+    Result<BinaryRow> ToRow(const std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>& meta) const override;
+
+    Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> FromRow(const InternalRow& row) const override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace paimon
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_path_factory_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_path_factory_test.cpp
index 12618a2ec..6283876df 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_path_factory_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/data_file_path_factory_test.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ TEST_F(DataFilePathFactoryTest, TestToPath) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/"file:/test/bucket-0/example.txt", /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_EQ(factory_.ToPath(file_meta), "file:/test/bucket-0/example.txt");
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ TEST_F(DataFilePathFactoryTest, TestToAlignedPath) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/"file:/test/bucket-0/data-0.txt", /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(factory_.ToAlignedPath("index-0", file_meta), "file:/test/bucket-0/index-0");
 
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ TEST_F(DataFilePathFactoryTest, TestCollectFiles) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737111915429ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_EQ(factory_.CollectFiles(file_meta), std::vector<std::string>({"/tmp/data-0.txt"}));
 
     file_meta->extra_files = {"data-0.index", "data-1.index"};
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/file_index_evaluator_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/file_index_evaluator_test.cpp
index d9730ade1..1824564e6 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/file_index_evaluator_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/file_index_evaluator_test.cpp
@@ -319,7 +319,8 @@ TEST_F(FileIndexEvaluatorTest, TestEvaluateEmbeddingIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     CheckResult(/*data_file_path_factory=*/nullptr, data_file_meta);
 }
 
@@ -339,7 +340,8 @@ TEST_F(FileIndexEvaluatorTest, TestEvaluateNoEmbeddingIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto data_file_path_factory = std::make_shared<DataFilePathFactory>();
     ASSERT_OK(data_file_path_factory->Init(path + "/bucket-0/", /*format_identifier=*/"orc",
                                            /*data_file_prefix=*/"data-", nullptr));
@@ -374,7 +376,8 @@ TEST_F(FileIndexEvaluatorTest, TestTimestampType) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto data_file_path_factory = std::make_shared<DataFilePathFactory>();
     ASSERT_OK(data_file_path_factory->Init(path + "/bucket-0/", /*format_identifier=*/"orc",
                                            /*data_file_prefix=*/"data-", nullptr));
@@ -408,7 +411,8 @@ TEST_F(FileIndexEvaluatorTest, TestInvalidEvaluate) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto predicate =
         PredicateBuilder::IsNull(/*field_index=*/2, /*field_name=*/"f2", FieldType::INT);
     ASSERT_NOK_WITH_MSG(
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/key_value_data_file_writer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/key_value_data_file_writer.cpp
index 9c32e0674..881712ebe 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/key_value_data_file_writer.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/key_value_data_file_writer.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,8 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> KeyValueDataFileWriter::GetResult() {
         file_index.extra_files,
         Timestamp(/*millisecond=*/local_micro / 1000, /*nano_of_millisecond=*/0), delete_row_count_,
         file_index.embedded_index, file_source_, /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, final_path,
-        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 Status KeyValueDataFileWriter::GenerateMinMaxKey(BinaryRow* min_key, BinaryRow* max_key) const {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/io/rolling_blob_file_writer_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/io/rolling_blob_file_writer_test.cpp
index 654c91266..b88f4a329 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/io/rolling_blob_file_writer_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/io/rolling_blob_file_writer_test.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ TEST_F(RollingBlobFileWriterTest, ValidateFileConsistency) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0", "f1"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0", "f1"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-xxx.blob", /*file_size=*/764, /*row_count=*/3,
@@ -70,7 +71,8 @@ TEST_F(RollingBlobFileWriterTest, ValidateFileConsistency) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-xxx.blob", /*file_size=*/3023, /*row_count=*/1,
@@ -83,7 +85,8 @@ TEST_F(RollingBlobFileWriterTest, ValidateFileConsistency) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/3,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_OK(RollingBlobFileWriter::ValidateFileConsistency(file_meta1, {file_meta2, file_meta3}));
     ASSERT_NOK_WITH_MSG(RollingBlobFileWriter::ValidateFileConsistency(file_meta1, {file_meta2}),
                         "This is a bug: The row count of main file and blob file does not match.");
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_serializer_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_serializer_test.cpp
index 2d8cffc37..a31f4bf73 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_serializer_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_serializer_test.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ class ManifestEntrySerializerTest : public testing::Test {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/3,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::optional<std::string>(),
-            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 };
 TEST_F(ManifestEntrySerializerTest, TestToFromRow) {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_writer_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_writer_test.cpp
index 3c3d00d7e..6c9291b71 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_writer_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_entry_writer_test.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class ManifestEntryWriterTest : public ::testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, first_row_id,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return {FileKind::Add(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool_.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                 /*total_buckets=*/-1, meta};
     }
@@ -126,7 +126,8 @@ TEST_F(ManifestEntryWriterTest, TestSimple) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1743525392885ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-5858a84b-7081-4618-b828-ae3918c5e1f6-0.orc", /*file_size=*/943, /*row_count=*/4,
@@ -144,7 +145,8 @@ TEST_F(ManifestEntryWriterTest, TestSimple) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1743525392921ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto entry1 = ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool_.get()),
                                 0, 2, meta1);
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_file_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_file_test.cpp
index a34f41524..df78fc00d 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_file_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/manifest/manifest_file_test.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry1 =
         ManifestEntry(FileKind::Delete(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                       /*bucket=*/1, /*total_buckets=*/2, file_meta1);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry2 =
         ManifestEntry(FileKind::Delete(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                       /*bucket=*/1, /*total_buckets=*/2, file_meta2);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry3 =
         ManifestEntry(FileKind::Delete(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                       /*bucket=*/1, /*total_buckets=*/2, file_meta3);
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry4 =
         ManifestEntry(FileKind::Delete(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                       /*bucket=*/1, /*total_buckets=*/2, file_meta4);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry5 =
         ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                       /*bucket=*/1, /*total_buckets=*/2, file_meta5);
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestWithNullCount) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry1 =
         ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                       /*bucket=*/1, /*total_buckets=*/2, file_meta1);
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestWithNullCount) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry2 =
         ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({20}, pool.get()),
                       /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/2, file_meta2);
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestManifestFileCompatibleWithJavaPaimon09) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry = ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/-1, file_meta);
 
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestFileTest, TestManifestFileCompatibleWithJavaPaimon11) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto manifest_entry = ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/-1, file_meta);
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/manifest/partition_entry_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/manifest/partition_entry_test.cpp
index 8b7dd6269..213e0dbaa 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/manifest/partition_entry_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/manifest/partition_entry_test.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class PartitionEntryTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/compact_strategy_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/compact_strategy_test.cpp
index a0abebe33..e8508a794 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/compact_strategy_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/compact_strategy_test.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class CompactStrategyTest : public testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return {level, SortedRun::FromSingle(file_meta)};
     }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/early_full_compaction_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/early_full_compaction_test.cpp
index a4cc9c663..37cc061f4 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/early_full_compaction_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/early_full_compaction_test.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class EarlyFullCompactionTest : public testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return {level, SortedRun::FromSingle(file_meta)};
     }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/force_up_level0_compaction_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/force_up_level0_compaction_test.cpp
index 18a11229c..c1d26a569 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/force_up_level0_compaction_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/force_up_level0_compaction_test.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class ForceUpLevel0CompactionTest : public testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return {level, SortedRun::FromSingle(file_meta)};
     }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/interval_partition_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/interval_partition_test.cpp
index 861a35c4c..9c68000ca 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/interval_partition_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/interval_partition_test.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class IntervalPartitionTest : public testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
  private:
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/lookup_merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/lookup_merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp
index eeb7e0ce2..169170da1 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/lookup_merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/lookup_merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp
@@ -460,7 +460,8 @@ TEST_F(LookupMergeTreeCompactRewriterTest, TestFirstRowRewrite) {
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateStats({1, 5}, {5, 33}, {0, 0}, pool_.get()),
         /*min_sequence_number=*/0l, /*max_sequence_number=*/3l, /*schema_id=*/0, /*level=*/5,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(0l, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
-        nullptr, FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+        nullptr, FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_TRUE(expected_file_meta->TEST_Equal(*compact_file_meta));
 
     // check compact file exist
@@ -564,7 +565,8 @@ TEST_F(LookupMergeTreeCompactRewriterTest, TestFirstRowUpgrade) {
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateStats({1, 5}, {5, 33}, {0, 0}, pool_.get()),
         /*min_sequence_number=*/0l, /*max_sequence_number=*/2l, /*schema_id=*/0, /*level=*/5,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(0l, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
-        nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+        nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_TRUE(expected_file_meta->TEST_Equal(*compact_file_meta))
         << compact_file_meta->ToString();
 }
@@ -1108,7 +1110,8 @@ TEST_F(LookupMergeTreeCompactRewriterTest, TestGenerateUpgradeStrategy) {
             BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateStats({1, 5}, {5, 33}, {0, 0}, pool_.get()),
             /*min_sequence_number=*/0l, /*max_sequence_number=*/3l, /*schema_id=*/0, level,
             std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(0l, 0), delete_row_count, nullptr,
-            FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+            FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     };
     {
         std::map<std::string, std::string> options = {};
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_factory_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_factory_test.cpp
index 7473b7c0b..91e3bb1cc 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_factory_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_factory_test.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ class MergeTreeCompactManagerFactoryStrategyTest : public ::testing::Test {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return {level, SortedRun::FromSingle(file_meta)};
     }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_test.cpp
index 19b8bc363..9186eb1c4 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_manager_test.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class TestRewriter final : public CompactRewriter {
             /*max_sequence_number=*/max_sequence,
             /*schema_id=*/0, output_level, std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(),
             Timestamp(1, 0), std::nullopt, nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt,
-            std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+            std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
         return CompactResult(before, {after});
     }
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class MergeTreeCompactManagerTest : public testing::Test {
             /*max_sequence_number=*/max_sequence,
             /*schema_id=*/0, minmax.level, std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(),
             Timestamp(1, 0), std::nullopt, nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt,
-            std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+            std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     StrategyFn TestStrategy() {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp
index cb26540aa..dc19c4726 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/merge_tree_compact_rewriter_test.cpp
@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ TEST_F(MergeTreeCompactRewriterTest, TestSimple) {
                                           pool_.get()),
         /*min_sequence_number=*/0l, /*max_sequence_number=*/10l, /*schema_id=*/0, /*level=*/5,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(0l, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
-        nullptr, FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+        nullptr, FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_TRUE(expected_file_meta->TEST_Equal(*compact_file_meta));
     // check compact file exist
     std::string compact_file_name =
@@ -245,7 +246,8 @@ TEST_F(MergeTreeCompactRewriterTest, TestNotDropDelete) {
                                           pool_.get()),
         /*min_sequence_number=*/0l, /*max_sequence_number=*/11l, /*schema_id=*/0, /*level=*/5,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(0l, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/2,
-        nullptr, FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+        nullptr, FileSource::Compact(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_TRUE(expected_file_meta->TEST_Equal(*compact_file_meta));
 
     std::string compact_file_name =
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/universal_compaction_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/universal_compaction_test.cpp
index 74abacaef..9b2e6cd1f 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/universal_compaction_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/compact/universal_compaction_test.cpp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class UniversalCompactionTest : public testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return {level, SortedRun::FromSingle(file_meta)};
     }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/levels_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/levels_test.cpp
index 37a347f92..d31a31c92 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/levels_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/levels_test.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class LevelsTest : public testing::Test {
             max_sequence_number,
             /*schema_id=*/0, level, std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(),
             Timestamp(ts_second, 0l), std::nullopt, nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt,
-            std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+            std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<FieldsComparator> CreateComparator() const {
@@ -261,7 +261,8 @@ TEST_F(LevelsTest, TestUpdateDropFileCallbackExcludesUpgradeFiles) {
         file_level0->key_stats, file_level0->value_stats, file_level0->min_sequence_number,
         file_level0->max_sequence_number, file_level0->schema_id, /*level=*/1,
         file_level0->extra_files, file_level0->creation_time, std::nullopt, nullptr,
-        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+        FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> before = {file_level0};
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> after = {upgraded_file};
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/merge_tree_writer_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/merge_tree_writer_test.cpp
index 2155647a1..c5a114f36 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/merge_tree_writer_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/merge_tree_writer_test.cpp
@@ -192,7 +192,8 @@ class MergeTreeWriterTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     Result<std::shared_ptr<MergeTreeWriter>> CreateMergeWriter(
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment({expected_data_file_meta}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                           /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment, commit_increment.GetNewFilesIncrement());
@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestWriteMultiBatch) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment({expected_data_file_meta}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                           /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment, commit_increment.GetNewFilesIncrement());
@@ -478,7 +479,8 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestSharedShreddingMapDataFileMetaInfo) {
         /*creation_time=*/actual_meta->creation_time, /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_TRUE(expected_data_file_meta->TEST_Equal(*actual_meta));
 }
 
@@ -658,7 +660,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestWriteWithDeleteRow) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/1, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment({expected_data_file_meta}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                           /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment, commit_increment.GetNewFilesIncrement());
@@ -769,7 +771,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestMultiplePrepareCommit) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto expected_data_file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         expected_data_file_name2, /*file_size=*/data_file_status2.GetLen(), /*row_count=*/3,
@@ -788,7 +790,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestMultiplePrepareCommit) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment1({expected_data_file_meta1},
                                            /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                            /*changelog_files=*/{});
@@ -991,7 +993,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestAutoFlush) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto expected_data_file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         expected_data_file_name2, /*file_size=*/data_file_status2.GetLen(), /*row_count=*/3,
@@ -1010,7 +1012,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestAutoFlush) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment({expected_data_file_meta1, expected_data_file_meta2},
                                           /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                           /*changelog_files=*/{});
@@ -1124,7 +1126,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeTreeWriterTest, TestBulkData) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         ASSERT_EQ(*commit_increment.GetNewFilesIncrement().NewFiles()[i], *expected_data_file_meta);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/sorted_run_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/sorted_run_test.cpp
index 7a19fac36..fc4dd08d6 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/mergetree/sorted_run_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/mergetree/sorted_run_test.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class SortedRunTest : public testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/migrate/file_meta_utils_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/migrate/file_meta_utils_test.cpp
index ee30680d8..caca9d2fc 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/migrate/file_meta_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/migrate/file_meta_utils_test.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ TEST_F(FileMetaUtilsTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-db2b44c0-0d73-449d-82a0-4075bd2cb6e3-0.orc", /*file_size=*/541,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ TEST_F(FileMetaUtilsTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     CommitMessageImpl expected(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/-1,
                                DataIncrement({file_meta1, file_meta2}, {}, {}),
                                CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ TEST_F(FileMetaUtilsTest, TestFailover) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-db2b44c0-0d73-449d-82a0-4075bd2cb6e3-0.orc", /*file_size=*/541,
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ TEST_F(FileMetaUtilsTest, TestFailover) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     CommitMessageImpl expected(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/-1,
                                DataIncrement({file_meta1, file_meta2}, {}, {}),
                                CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ TEST_F(FileMetaUtilsTest, TestWithPartition) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1c547e5f-48b2-4917-a996-71d306377661-0.orc", /*file_size=*/589,
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ TEST_F(FileMetaUtilsTest, TestWithPartition) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     CommitMessageImpl expected(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10, 0}, pool_.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_buckets=*/-1,
                                DataIncrement({file_meta1, file_meta2}, {}, {}),
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ TEST_F(FileMetaUtilsTest, TestWithNestedType) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     CommitMessageImpl expected(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/-1,
                                DataIncrement({file_meta1}, {}, {}), CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/commit_changes_provider_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/commit_changes_provider_test.cpp
index edbb1a48b..f47e11262 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/commit_changes_provider_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/commit_changes_provider_test.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ ManifestEntry CreateManifestEntry(const std::string& file_name, const FileKind&
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     return ManifestEntry(kind, CreateIntRow(partition_value), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/1,
                          file_meta);
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/conflict_detection_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/conflict_detection_test.cpp
index 66d57894b..3fb751acf 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/conflict_detection_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/conflict_detection_test.cpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class ConflictDetectionTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return ManifestEntry(kind, partition, bucket, total_buckets, data_file_meta);
     }
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class ConflictDetectionTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, first_row_id,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return ManifestEntry(kind, partition, bucket, /*total_buckets=*/2, data_file_meta);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/manifest_entry_changes_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/manifest_entry_changes_test.cpp
index 8680ff2c3..5eb1608c4 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/manifest_entry_changes_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/manifest_entry_changes_test.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ManifestEntryChangesTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<IndexFileMeta> CreateIndexFileMeta(
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ TEST_F(ManifestEntryChangesTest, TestDropStatsOnlyForDeleteEntries) {
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0"}),
         /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> after, before->Upgrade(/*new_level=*/1));
 
     CompactIncrement compact_increment(/*compact_before=*/{before}, /*compact_after=*/{after},
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/overwrite_changes_provider_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/overwrite_changes_provider_test.cpp
index 8130fe65c..3552b6da1 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/overwrite_changes_provider_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/overwrite_changes_provider_test.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ManifestEntry CreateManifestEntry(const std::string& file_name, const FileKind&
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     return ManifestEntry(kind, CreateIntRow(partition_value), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/1,
                          file_meta);
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_id_column_conflict_checker_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_id_column_conflict_checker_test.cpp
index e9091b0fc..907aea44c 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_id_column_conflict_checker_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_id_column_conflict_checker_test.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ class RowIdColumnConflictCheckerTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*first_row_id=*/first_row_id, write_cols);
+            /*first_row_id=*/first_row_id, write_cols,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     Result<std::shared_ptr<RowIdColumnConflictChecker>> CreateChecker(
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_tracking_commit_utils_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_tracking_commit_utils_test.cpp
index 02e79fc56..7d2b0fb02 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_tracking_commit_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/row_tracking_commit_utils_test.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ class RowTrackingCommitUtilsTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, file_source,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, write_cols);
+            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, write_cols,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), CreateIntRow(1), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/1,
                              file_meta);
     }
@@ -81,7 +82,8 @@ class RowTrackingCommitUtilsTest : public testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, file_source,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, first_row_id, write_cols);
+            /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, first_row_id, write_cols,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return ManifestEntry(FileKind::Add(), CreateIntRow(1), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/1,
                              file_meta);
     }
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/sequence_snapshot_properties_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/sequence_snapshot_properties_test.cpp
index af572b720..5975eb1e8 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/sequence_snapshot_properties_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit/sequence_snapshot_properties_test.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class SequenceSnapshotPropertiesTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     ManifestEntry CreateEntry(const FileKind& kind, int64_t max_sequence_number) const {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit_metrics_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit_metrics_test.cpp
index 240d91345..9d1cf9cf2 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/commit_metrics_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/commit_metrics_test.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ ManifestEntry CreateEntry(const FileKind& kind, int32_t partition, int32_t bucke
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     return ManifestEntry(kind, part, bucket, /*total_buckets=*/10, file_meta);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/data_evolution_file_store_scan_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/data_evolution_file_store_scan_test.cpp
index b5581f85c..7d042814b 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/data_evolution_file_store_scan_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/data_evolution_file_store_scan_test.cpp
@@ -554,7 +554,8 @@ TEST_F(DataEvolutionFileStoreScanTest, TestFilterEntryByRowRanges) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737111915429ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/100, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     ManifestEntry entry(FileKind::Add(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/1,
                         file);
     {
@@ -574,7 +575,7 @@ TEST_F(DataEvolutionFileStoreScanTest, TestFilterEntryByRowRanges) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         ManifestEntry entry_without_first_row_id(FileKind::Add(), BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
                                                  /*bucket=*/0, /*total_buckets=*/1,
                                                  file_without_first_row_id);
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/expire_snapshots_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/expire_snapshots_test.cpp
index 6a9e46ba7..ffdd30feb 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/expire_snapshots_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/expire_snapshots_test.cpp
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class ExpireSnapshotsTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return ManifestEntry(kind, row, bucket, /*total_buckets=*/3, data_file_meta);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/file_store_commit_impl_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/file_store_commit_impl_test.cpp
index f32d86fac..b1b8677f8 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/file_store_commit_impl_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/file_store_commit_impl_test.cpp
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class FileStoreCommitImplTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return ManifestEntry(kind, partition, bucket, total_buckets, data_file_meta);
     }
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class FileStoreCommitImplTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         return ManifestEntry(kind, BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), 0, 2, data_file_meta);
     }
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class FileStoreCommitImplTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CreateAppendDataFileMeta(const std::string& file_name,
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ class FileStoreCommitImplTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     bool IsStringInSet(const std::set<std::string>& strSet, const std::string& target) {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/internal_read_context_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/internal_read_context_test.cpp
index 286188570..20838122b 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/internal_read_context_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/internal_read_context_test.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "arrow/c/bridge.h"
 #include "arrow/type.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "paimon/common/table/special_fields.h"
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/key_value_file_store_scan_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/key_value_file_store_scan_test.cpp
index b221715f5..703d7e493 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/key_value_file_store_scan_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/key_value_file_store_scan_test.cpp
@@ -353,7 +353,8 @@ TEST_F(KeyValueFileStoreScanTest, TestNoOverlapping) {
                     /*embedded_index=*/nullptr,
                     /*file_source=*/FileSource::Append(), /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
                     /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-                    /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+                    /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+                    /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
         }
         return entries;
     };
@@ -405,7 +406,7 @@ TEST_F(KeyValueFileStoreScanTest, TestFilterByValueFilterWithValueStatsCols) {
             /*value_stats_cols=*/value_stats_cols,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
 
     // max(v0)=50 > 30.1, should be kept.
     SimpleStats value_stats_keep = BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateStats(
@@ -430,7 +431,7 @@ TEST_F(KeyValueFileStoreScanTest, TestFilterByValueFilterWithValueStatsCols) {
             /*value_stats_cols=*/value_stats_cols,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
 
     // max(v0)=20 <= 30.1, should be filtered out.
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(bool keep, scan->FilterByStats(entry));
@@ -482,7 +483,7 @@ TEST_F(KeyValueFileStoreScanTest, TestFilterByValueFilterWithSchemaEvolution) {
             /*value_stats_cols=*/value_stats_cols,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
 
     SimpleStats value_stats_keep = BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateStats(
         /*min=*/{40}, /*max=*/{50}, /*null=*/{0}, pool.get());
@@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ TEST_F(KeyValueFileStoreScanTest, TestFilterByValueFilterWithSchemaEvolution) {
             /*value_stats_cols=*/value_stats_cols,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
 
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(bool keep, scan->FilterByStats(entry));
     ASSERT_FALSE(keep);
@@ -555,7 +556,7 @@ TEST_F(KeyValueFileStoreScanTest, TestFilterByValueFilterWithNewFieldUsesNullSta
             /*value_stats_cols=*/value_stats_cols,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
 
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(bool keep, scan->FilterByStats(old_schema_entry));
     ASSERT_FALSE(keep);
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/manifest_file_merger_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/manifest_file_merger_test.cpp
index bff1659e3..d2617a654 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/manifest_file_merger_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/manifest_file_merger_test.cpp
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class ManifestFileMergerTest : public testing::Test {
                 nullptr,  // not used
                 FileSource::Append(), /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
                 /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-                /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+                /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
     }
 
     ManifestFileMeta MakeManifest(const std::vector<ManifestEntry>& entries) {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/merge_file_split_read_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/merge_file_split_read_test.cpp
index 19cd96d67..f857d4876 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/merge_file_split_read_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/merge_file_split_read_test.cpp
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         auto meta1_2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
             "data-c80ccf0f-6387-4cbc-8889-ade8cef54c43-1.parquet", /*file_size=*/3370,
             /*row_count=*/4,
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         auto meta1_3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
             "data-c80ccf0f-6387-4cbc-8889-ade8cef54c43-2.parquet", /*file_size=*/3252,
             /*row_count=*/1,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({0, 0}, pool_.get()),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                         paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         auto meta2_2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
             "data-24f8588c-d950-4e44-9d99-a023ea65a136-1.parquet", /*file_size=*/3229,
             /*row_count=*/1,
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder2(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({0, 1}, pool_.get()),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                         paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         auto meta3_2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
             "data-184f2304-49fd-4916-ba07-037757e904eb-1.parquet", /*file_size=*/3259,
             /*row_count=*/1,
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder3(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({1, 0}, pool_.get()),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                         paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         auto meta1_2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
             "data-d03e13e5-5e2e-463a-b53a-8d44e4dc9141-1.parquet",
             /*file_size=*/2623, /*row_count=*/
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class MergeFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test,
             /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(
             /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
             /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeFileSplitReadTest, Test09VersionWithoutInlineFieldId) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/1, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-6871b960-edd9-40fc-9859-aaca9ea205cf-0.orc", /*file_size=*/887, /*row_count=*/5,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({std::string("Alex"), 0}, pool_.get()),
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ TEST_P(MergeFileSplitReadTest, Test09VersionWithoutInlineFieldId) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool_.get()),
         /*bucket=*/1, /*bucket_path=*/
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/metrics/commit_stats_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/metrics/commit_stats_test.cpp
index a18f88a61..b22f7a60f 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/metrics/commit_stats_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/metrics/commit_stats_test.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ ManifestEntry CreateEntry(const FileKind& kind, int32_t partition, int32_t bucke
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     return ManifestEntry(kind, part, bucket, /*total_buckets=*/10, file_meta);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/raw_file_split_read_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/raw_file_split_read_test.cpp
index 6f7ae9781..51c478325 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/raw_file_split_read_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/raw_file_split_read_test.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class RawFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10, 0}, pool_.get()),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                         paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class RawFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder2(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({20, 1}, pool_.get()),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                         paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class RawFileSplitReadTest : public ::testing::Test {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder3(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10, 1}, pool_.get()),
                                         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                         paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ TEST_F(RawFileSplitReadTest, TestMatch) {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10, 0}, pool_.get()),
                                        /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                        paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/operation/write_restore_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/operation/write_restore_test.cpp
index 43f070154..754dc6959 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/operation/write_restore_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/operation/write_restore_test.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CreateDataFileMeta(const std::string& file_name) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, /*file_source=*/std::nullopt,
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 ManifestEntry CreateManifestEntry(int32_t total_buckets, const std::string& file_name) {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/postpone/postpone_bucket_writer_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/postpone/postpone_bucket_writer_test.cpp
index e932d40da..30357327a 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/postpone/postpone_bucket_writer_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/postpone/postpone_bucket_writer_test.cpp
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ TEST_P(PostponeBucketWriterTest, TestSimple) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment({expected_data_file_meta}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                           /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment, commit_increment.GetNewFilesIncrement());
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ TEST_P(PostponeBucketWriterTest, TestNestedType) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment({expected_data_file_meta}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                           /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment, commit_increment.GetNewFilesIncrement());
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ TEST_P(PostponeBucketWriterTest, TestWriteMultiBatch) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment({expected_data_file_meta}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                           /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment, commit_increment.GetNewFilesIncrement());
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ TEST_P(PostponeBucketWriterTest, TestMultiplePrepareCommit) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment1({expected_data_file_meta1}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                            /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment1, commit_increment1.GetNewFilesIncrement());
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ TEST_P(PostponeBucketWriterTest, TestMultiplePrepareCommit) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement expected_data_increment2({expected_data_file_meta2}, /*deleted_files=*/{},
                                            /*changelog_files=*/{});
     ASSERT_EQ(expected_data_increment2, commit_increment2.GetNewFilesIncrement());
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_serializer.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_serializer.cpp
index 1b0645f4e..e3424d4a2 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_serializer.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_serializer.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_12_serializer.h"
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer.h"
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer.h"
+#include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.h"
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_increment.h"
 #include "paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_impl.h"
 #include "paimon/core/utils/object_serializer.h"
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
 namespace paimon {
 class MemoryPool;
 
-const int32_t CommitMessageSerializer::CURRENT_VERSION = 12;
+const int32_t CommitMessageSerializer::CURRENT_VERSION = 13;
 
 CommitMessageSerializer::CommitMessageSerializer(const std::shared_ptr<MemoryPool>& pool)
     : memory_pool_(pool),
@@ -204,16 +205,25 @@ Result<std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage>> CommitMessageSerializer::Deserialize(int3
                                                                             DataInputStream* in) {
     if (version == CURRENT_VERSION) {
         return Deserialize(version, data_file_serializer_.get(), index_entry_serializer_.get(), in);
+    } else if (version == 12) {
+        auto data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer =
+            std::make_unique<DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer>(memory_pool_);
+        return Deserialize(version, data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.get(),
+                           index_entry_serializer_.get(), in);
     } else if (version == 11) {
+        auto data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer =
+            std::make_unique<DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer>(memory_pool_);
         auto index_entry_v4_deserializer =
             std::make_unique<IndexFileMetaV4Deserializer>(memory_pool_);
-        return Deserialize(version, data_file_serializer_.get(), index_entry_v4_deserializer.get(),
-                           in);
+        return Deserialize(version, data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.get(),
+                           index_entry_v4_deserializer.get(), in);
     } else if (version == 9 || version == 10) {
+        auto data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer =
+            std::make_unique<DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer>(memory_pool_);
         auto index_entry_v3_deserializer =
             std::make_unique<IndexFileMetaV3Deserializer>(memory_pool_);
-        return Deserialize(version, data_file_serializer_.get(), index_entry_v3_deserializer.get(),
-                           in);
+        return Deserialize(version, data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.get(),
+                           index_entry_v3_deserializer.get(), in);
     } else if (version == 8) {
         auto data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer =
             std::make_unique<DataFileMetaFirstRowIdLegacySerializer>(memory_pool_);
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_test.cpp
index d602da227..f372361cb 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/sink/commit_message_test.cpp
@@ -65,6 +65,44 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCurrentVersion) {
     ASSERT_EQ(CommitMessageSerializer::CURRENT_VERSION, CommitMessage::CurrentVersion());
 }
 
+TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestDeserializeVersion13GeneratedByJava) {
+    // Generated by CommitMessageSerializer::serialize from Apache Paimon Java master.
+    std::string data_path = paimon::test::GetDataDir() + "/compatibility/commit_message-v13";
+    auto file_system = std::make_shared<LocalFileSystem>();
+    auto buffer_length = file_system->GetFileStatus(data_path).value().GetLen();
+    ASSERT_GT(buffer_length, 0);
+
+    std::vector<char> buffer(buffer_length, 0);
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto in_stream, file_system->Open(data_path));
+    ASSERT_OK(in_stream->Read(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+    ASSERT_OK(in_stream->Close());
+
+    auto pool = GetDefaultPool();
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> result,
+                         CommitMessage::Deserialize(CommitMessage::CurrentVersion(), buffer.data(),
+                                                    buffer.size(), pool));
+    auto result_message = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CommitMessageImpl>(result);
+    ASSERT_NE(result_message, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_message->Partition(),
+              BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({std::string("aaaaa")}, pool.get()));
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_message->Bucket(), 20);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_message->TotalBuckets(), std::optional<int32_t>(32));
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_message->GetNewFilesIncrement().NewFiles().size(), 1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result_message->GetCompactIncrement().IsEmpty());
+
+    const std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>& data_file =
+        result_message->GetNewFilesIncrement().NewFiles()[0];
+    ASSERT_EQ(data_file->file_name, "my_file");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(data_file->write_cols.has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(data_file->write_cols.value(), (std::vector<std::string>{"a", "b", "c", "f"}));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(data_file->column_max_sequence_numbers.has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(data_file->column_max_sequence_numbers.value(),
+              (std::vector<int64_t>{15, 100, 150, 200}));
+
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::string serialized_bytes, CommitMessage::Serialize(result, pool));
+    ASSERT_EQ(serialized_bytes, std::string(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+}
+
 TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion12) {
     // index file meta: add global index meta source meta
     int32_t version = 12;
@@ -95,7 +133,13 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion12) {
 
     // check result
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::string serialized_bytes, CommitMessage::Serialize(ret, pool));
-    ASSERT_EQ(serialized_bytes, std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buffer.data()), buffer.size()));
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
+        std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> roundtrip,
+        CommitMessage::Deserialize(CommitMessage::CurrentVersion(), serialized_bytes.data(),
+                                   serialized_bytes.size(), pool));
+    auto roundtrip_message = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CommitMessageImpl>(roundtrip);
+    ASSERT_NE(roundtrip_message, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*roundtrip_message, *res_msg);
 }
 
 TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion11) {
@@ -185,7 +229,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion10) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1761242383412ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/1, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     LinkedHashMap<std::string, DeletionVectorMeta> dv_ranges;
     dv_ranges.insert_or_assign(
@@ -249,7 +294,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion9) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1757349273600ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/1, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     LinkedHashMap<std::string, DeletionVectorMeta> dv_ranges;
     dv_ranges.insert_or_assign(
@@ -316,7 +362,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion9WithExternalPathForIndex) {
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/
         "FILE:/tmp/external/f1=10/bucket-1/data-72b62a5f-d698-4db5-b51a-04c0dc027702-1.orc",
-        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     LinkedHashMap<std::string, DeletionVectorMeta> dv_ranges;
     dv_ranges.insert_or_assign(
@@ -379,7 +426,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion8) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1754068646844ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(/*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                                /*bucket=*/0, /*total_bucket=*/2, DataIncrement({file_meta}, {}, {}),
                                CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
@@ -398,7 +446,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion8) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1754068646864ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(/*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                                /*bucket=*/1, /*total_bucket=*/2,
                                DataIncrement({file_meta2}, {}, {}), CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
@@ -448,7 +497,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion7) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1743525392885ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(/*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                                /*bucket=*/0, /*total_bucket=*/2, DataIncrement({file_meta}, {}, {}),
                                CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
@@ -469,7 +519,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion7) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1743525392921ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(/*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                                /*bucket=*/1, /*total_bucket=*/2,
                                DataIncrement({file_meta2}, {}, {}), CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
@@ -515,7 +566,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion6) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737052260143ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt,
                                DataIncrement({file_meta}, {}, {}), CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
     // check result
@@ -562,7 +614,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion5) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1734707236040ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta1_after_compact = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-0d0f29cc-63c6-4fab-a594-71bd7d06fcde-1.orc", /*file_size=*/859, /*row_count=*/1,
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({std::string("Alice"), 1}, pool.get()),
@@ -576,7 +629,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion5) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1734707236040ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta1}, {}, {}, {}, {});
     LinkedHashMap<std::string, DeletionVectorMeta> dv_metas1;
@@ -605,7 +659,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion5) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1734707236109ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment2({file_meta2}, {}, {}, {}, {});
     LinkedHashMap<std::string, DeletionVectorMeta> dv_metas2;
     dv_metas2.insert_or_assign(
@@ -663,7 +718,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion4) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta1}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment1,
@@ -682,7 +737,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion4) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment2({file_meta2}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/1,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment2,
@@ -701,7 +756,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithVersion4) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment3({file_meta3}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({20}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment3,
@@ -751,7 +806,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithJavaPaimon10WithStatsDenseStore) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938869ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta1}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment1,
@@ -768,7 +824,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithJavaPaimon10WithStatsDenseStore) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938891ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment2({file_meta2}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/1,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment2,
@@ -785,7 +842,8 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithJavaPaimon10WithStatsDenseStore) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938908ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment3({file_meta3}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({20}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment3,
@@ -835,7 +893,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWith09JavaPaimon1) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta1}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment1,
@@ -854,7 +912,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWith09JavaPaimon1) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment2({file_meta2}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/1,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment2,
@@ -873,7 +931,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWith09JavaPaimon1) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment3({file_meta3}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({20}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment3,
@@ -923,7 +981,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWith09JavaPaimon2) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta1}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/1,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment1,
@@ -943,7 +1001,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWith09JavaPaimon2) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment2({file_meta2}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({20}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment2,
@@ -993,7 +1051,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWith09JavaPaimon3) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta1}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/1,
                                /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt, data_increment1,
@@ -1046,7 +1104,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestPkTableCompatibleWithJavaPaimon09) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/1, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta_with_level = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-2eb2a766-97e4-4fe4-88ce-eb606675c101-0.orc", /*file_size=*/789, /*row_count=*/1,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({std::string("Bob"), 0}, pool.get()),
@@ -1063,7 +1121,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestPkTableCompatibleWithJavaPaimon09) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta}, {}, {}, {}, {});
 
     LinkedHashMap<std::string, DeletionVectorMeta> dv_ranges;
@@ -1141,7 +1199,7 @@ TEST(CommitMessageTest, TestCompatibleWithComplexDataType) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment1({file_meta1}, {}, {});
     expected_msgs.emplace_back(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0, /*total_bucket=*/std::nullopt,
                                data_increment1, CompactIncrement({}, {}, {}));
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_evolution_batch_scan_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_evolution_batch_scan_test.cpp
index 14fae3972..5fbd5f093 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_evolution_batch_scan_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_evolution_batch_scan_test.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> NewAppendFile(const std::string& file_name, int64_
         /*max_sequence_number=*/first_row_id + row_count - 1, /*schema_id=*/0, /*level=*/0,
         std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(), Timestamp(0l, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, first_row_id,
-        std::nullopt);
+        std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Plan> NewDataPlan(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> files) {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.cpp
index 5b9128a73..be0ef4030 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.cpp
@@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ DataSplitImpl::GetFileMetaSerializer(int32_t version, const std::shared_ptr<Memo
         return std::make_unique<DataFileMeta12Serializer>(pool);
     } else if (version == 7) {
         return std::make_unique<DataFileMetaFirstRowIdLegacySerializer>(pool);
+    } else if (version == 8) {
+        return std::make_unique<DataFileMetaWriteColsLegacySerializer>(pool);
     } else if (version == VERSION) {
         return std::make_unique<DataFileMetaSerializer>(pool);
     } else {
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.h b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.h
index 01c1231c8..2d357a163 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.h
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_impl.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_12_serializer.h"
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_first_row_id_legacy_serializer.h"
 #include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_serializer.h"
+#include "paimon/core/io/data_file_meta_write_cols_legacy_serializer.h"
 #include "paimon/core/table/source/deletion_file.h"
 #include "paimon/table/source/data_split.h"
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ namespace paimon {
 class DataSplitImpl : public DataSplit {
  public:
     static constexpr int64_t MAGIC = -2394839472490812314L;
-    static constexpr int32_t VERSION = 8;
+    static constexpr int32_t VERSION = 9;
 
     int64_t SnapshotId() const {
         return snapshot_id_;
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_test.cpp
index b65988526..bb631be9a 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/data_split_test.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,47 @@
 #include "paimon/testing/utils/testharness.h"
 
 namespace paimon::test {
+TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion9GeneratedByJava) {
+    // Generated by DataSplit::serialize from Apache Paimon Java master.
+    std::string file_name = paimon::test::GetDataDir() + "/compatibility/data_split-v9";
+    auto file_system = std::make_unique<LocalFileSystem>();
+
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto input_stream, file_system->Open(file_name));
+    std::vector<char> split_bytes(input_stream->Length().value_or(0), 0);
+    ASSERT_GT(split_bytes.size(), 0);
+    ASSERT_OK(input_stream->Read(split_bytes.data(), split_bytes.size()));
+    ASSERT_OK(input_stream->Close());
+
+    auto pool = GetDefaultPool();
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::shared_ptr<Split> result,
+                         Split::Deserialize(split_bytes.data(), split_bytes.size(), pool));
+    auto result_data_split = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DataSplitImpl>(result);
+    ASSERT_NE(result_data_split, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_data_split->SnapshotId(), 18);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_data_split->Partition(),
+              BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({std::string("aaaaa")}, pool.get()));
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_data_split->Bucket(), 20);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_data_split->BucketPath(), "my path");
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_data_split->TotalBuckets(), std::optional<int32_t>(32));
+    ASSERT_EQ(result_data_split->DataFiles().size(), 1);
+    ASSERT_EQ(
+        result_data_split->DeletionFiles(),
+        (std::vector<std::optional<DeletionFile>>{DeletionFile("deletion_file", 100, 22, 33)}));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result_data_split->IsStreaming());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result_data_split->RawConvertible());
+
+    const std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>& data_file = result_data_split->DataFiles()[0];
+    ASSERT_EQ(data_file->file_name, "my_file");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(data_file->write_cols.has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(data_file->write_cols.value(), (std::vector<std::string>{"a", "b", "c", "f"}));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(data_file->column_max_sequence_numbers.has_value());
+    ASSERT_EQ(data_file->column_max_sequence_numbers.value(),
+              (std::vector<int64_t>{15, 100, 150, 200}));
+
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::string serialized_bytes, Split::Serialize(result, pool));
+    ASSERT_EQ(serialized_bytes, std::string(split_bytes.data(), split_bytes.size()));
+}
+
 TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion8WithWriteColsAndExternalPath) {
     std::string file_name = paimon::test::GetDataDir() +
                             "/orc/pk_dv_index_in_data_with_external.db/"
@@ -86,7 +127,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion8WithWriteColsAndExternalPath) {
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/
         "FILE:/tmp/external/f1=10/bucket-1/data-72b62a5f-d698-4db5-b51a-04c0dc027702-0.orc",
-        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -108,7 +150,10 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion8WithWriteColsAndExternalPath) {
             .value());
     ASSERT_EQ(*result_data_split, *expected_data_split) << result_data_split->ToString();
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::string serialize_bytes, Split::Serialize(result_data_split, pool));
-    ASSERT_EQ(serialize_bytes, std::string(split_bytes.data(), split_bytes.size()));
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::shared_ptr<Split> roundtrip,
+                         Split::Deserialize(serialize_bytes.data(), serialize_bytes.size(), pool));
+    auto roundtrip_data_split = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DataSplitImpl>(roundtrip);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*roundtrip_data_split, *expected_data_split) << roundtrip_data_split->ToString();
 }
 
 TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion8WithWriteCols) {
@@ -149,7 +194,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion8WithWriteCols) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1757349273246ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -172,7 +218,10 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion8WithWriteCols) {
             .value());
     ASSERT_EQ(*result_data_split, *expected_data_split) << result_data_split->ToString();
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::string serialize_bytes, Split::Serialize(result_data_split, pool));
-    ASSERT_EQ(serialize_bytes, std::string(split_bytes.data(), split_bytes.size()));
+    ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::shared_ptr<Split> roundtrip,
+                         Split::Deserialize(serialize_bytes.data(), serialize_bytes.size(), pool));
+    auto roundtrip_data_split = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DataSplitImpl>(roundtrip);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*roundtrip_data_split, *expected_data_split) << roundtrip_data_split->ToString();
 }
 
 TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion7WithFirstRowId) {
@@ -209,7 +258,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion7WithFirstRowId) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1754073518741ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/5, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/5, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -261,7 +311,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion7WithNullFirstRowId) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1754068646844ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -312,7 +363,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion6PkWithTotalBuckets) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1743525392885ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -358,7 +410,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion5PkWithExternalPath) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/"file:/tmp/bucket-0/data-80110e15-97b5-4bcf-ac09-6ca2659a4950-0.orc",
-        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -407,7 +460,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion5PkWithEmptyExternalPath) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1737052260143ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -463,7 +517,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion4PkWithSnapshot4WithDvCardinality) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1734707235578ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
         /*bucket=*/1, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -516,7 +571,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion3AppendWithSnapshot1) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(/*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                                    /*bucket=*/1, /*bucket_path=*/
                                    "data/append_10.db/append_10/f1=10/bucket-1", {file_meta});
@@ -555,7 +610,8 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeVersion3AppendWithSnapshot1WithStatsDenseStor
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938891ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
         /*bucket=*/1, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -596,7 +652,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeAppendWithSnapshot1) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
         /*bucket=*/1, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -636,7 +692,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeAppendWithSnapshot3) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-b913a160-a4d1-4084-af2a-18333c35668e-0.orc", /*file_size=*/506, /*row_count=*/1,
@@ -651,7 +707,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeAppendWithSnapshot3) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({20}, pool.get()),
@@ -709,7 +765,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializeAppendWithSnapshot5) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -759,7 +815,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePkWithSnapshot2) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -808,7 +864,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePkWithSnapshot6OfSingleFile) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(/*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                                    /*bucket=*/1, /*bucket_path=*/
                                    "data/pk_09.db/pk_09/f1=10/bucket-1", {file_meta});
@@ -866,7 +922,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePkWithSnapshot6OfMultiFiles) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1c7a85f1-55bd-424f-b503-34a33be0fb96-0.orc", /*file_size=*/1148, /*row_count=*/2,
@@ -888,7 +944,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePkWithSnapshot6OfMultiFiles) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     auto file_meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-8cdb8b8d-5830-4b3b-aa94-8a30c449277a-0.orc", /*file_size=*/810, /*row_count=*/1,
@@ -907,7 +963,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePkWithSnapshot6OfMultiFiles) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -967,7 +1023,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePkWithSnapshot8) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(/*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
                                    /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
                                    "data/pk_09.db/pk_09/f1=10/bucket-0", {file_meta});
@@ -1018,7 +1074,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePk10WithSnapshot6) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-d6d370f3-242b-45c9-8739-44bf31b2b449-0.orc", /*file_size=*/924, /*row_count=*/1,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({52}, pool.get()), /*max_key=*/
@@ -1035,7 +1091,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDeserializePk10WithSnapshot6) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({1, 1}, pool.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
@@ -1068,7 +1124,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCount) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/2, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1078,7 +1134,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCount) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1112,7 +1168,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountRawConvertibleWithoutDeletionFiles)
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/4, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1122,7 +1178,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountRawConvertibleWithoutDeletionFiles)
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1147,7 +1203,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountRawConvertibleWithCardinality) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/2, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1157,7 +1213,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountRawConvertibleWithCardinality) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-2.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/3, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1167,7 +1223,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountRawConvertibleWithCardinality) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1202,7 +1258,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountMixedCardinalityReturnsNullopt) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/2, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1212,7 +1268,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountMixedCardinalityReturnsNullopt) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1245,7 +1301,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountUnknownDeleteRowCountDoesNotBlockRa
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/2, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1255,7 +1311,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountUnknownDeleteRowCountDoesNotBlockRa
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1284,7 +1340,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountFallsBackToDataEvolution) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/100,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/5, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1294,7 +1350,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountFallsBackToDataEvolution) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/100,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-2.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/2, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1304,7 +1360,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountFallsBackToDataEvolution) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/200,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1335,7 +1391,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDataEvolutionMergedRowCountSubtractsDeletionFileCardinal
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/100,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/5, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1345,7 +1401,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDataEvolutionMergedRowCountSubtractsDeletionFileCardinal
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/100,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1380,7 +1436,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestSerializeDataEvolutionSplitWithDeletionFiles) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/10, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1390,7 +1446,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestSerializeDataEvolutionSplitWithDeletionFiles) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1438,7 +1494,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestDataEvolutionMergedRowCountUnavailableWithoutCardinality
         /*delete_row_count=*/std::nullopt, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/100,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
@@ -1471,7 +1527,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountResolvesMissingCardinalityViaFactor
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-1.orc", /*file_size=*/100, /*row_count=*/5, DataFileMeta::EmptyMinKey(),
         DataFileMeta::EmptyMaxKey(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(), SimpleStats::EmptyStats(),
@@ -1481,7 +1537,7 @@ TEST(DataSplitTest, TestPartialMergedRowCountResolvesMissingCardinalityViaFactor
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool.get()),
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/fallback_data_split_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/source/fallback_data_split_test.cpp
index 80d290560..5ae97e19e 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/fallback_data_split_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/fallback_data_split_test.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ TEST(FallbackDataSplitTest, TestDeserialize) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1755880762233ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-43880011-d066-4255-ad65-891d79cde23b-0.parquet", /*file_size=*/891, /*row_count=*/1,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -129,7 +130,8 @@ TEST(FallbackDataSplitTest, TestDeserialize) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1755884315482ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         /*partition=*/BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({1}, pool.get()),
@@ -185,7 +187,8 @@ TEST(FallbackDataSplitTest, TestDeserialize2) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1755880762585ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-625b3277-84d3-4320-80b9-89a5075bf5fd-0.parquet", /*file_size=*/891, /*row_count=*/1,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -199,7 +202,8 @@ TEST(FallbackDataSplitTest, TestDeserialize2) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1755884315889ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::vector<DataSplit::SimpleDataFileMeta> file_list;
     file_list.emplace_back(
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/primary_key_sorted_index_scan_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/source/primary_key_sorted_index_scan_test.cpp
index a56469656..4126232a0 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/primary_key_sorted_index_scan_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/primary_key_sorted_index_scan_test.cpp
@@ -220,7 +220,8 @@ class PrimaryKeySortedIndexScanTest : public ::testing::Test {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1721643142456LL, 0), delete_row_count,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, file_source,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+            /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     Result<std::shared_ptr<IndexFileMeta>> BuildPayload(std::vector<int64_t> ordinals,
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/snapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/source/snapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp
index cebc644cf..f3174fc6e 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/snapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/snapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class SnapshotReaderTest : public testing::Test {
             /*min_sequence_number=*/0, /*max_sequence_number=*/0, /*schema_id=*/0,
             DataFileMeta::DUMMY_LEVEL, std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>{}, Timestamp(0, 0),
             std::nullopt, nullptr, FileSource::Append(), std::nullopt, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
-            std::nullopt);
+            std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<IndexFileMeta> CreateIndexFileMeta(const std::string& index_file_name,
diff --git a/src/paimon/core/table/source/split_generator_test.cpp b/src/paimon/core/table/source/split_generator_test.cpp
index ac80eb3f1..9f1368700 100644
--- a/src/paimon/core/table/source/split_generator_test.cpp
+++ b/src/paimon/core/table/source/split_generator_test.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class SplitGeneratorTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(), /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::optional<std::string>(),
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CreateDataFileMeta(const std::string& file_name, int32_t level,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class SplitGeneratorTest : public testing::Test {
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CreateDataFileMeta(const std::string& file_name, int32_t min_key,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class SplitGeneratorTest : public testing::Test {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(), /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> CreateDataFileMetaWithRowId(const std::string& file_name,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class SplitGeneratorTest : public testing::Test {
             /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
             /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(), /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, first_row_id,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     }
 
     static void CheckResult(const std::vector<SplitGenerator::SplitGroup>& result_groups,
diff --git a/test/inte/read_inte_test.cpp b/test/inte/read_inte_test.cpp
index a2a52d343..343d99605 100644
--- a/test/inte/read_inte_test.cpp
+++ b/test/inte/read_inte_test.cpp
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class ReadInteTest : public testing::Test, public ::testing::WithParamInterface<
                     /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
                     /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
                     /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-                    /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt));
+                    /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt));
             }
             auto bucket_str = bucket_path.substr(bucket_path.find("bucket-") + 7);
             int32_t bucket = std::stoi(bucket_str);
diff --git a/test/inte/read_inte_with_index_test.cpp b/test/inte/read_inte_with_index_test.cpp
index 7a4439734..1442f6263 100644
--- a/test/inte/read_inte_with_index_test.cpp
+++ b/test/inte/read_inte_with_index_test.cpp
@@ -945,7 +945,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestSimple) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1019,7 +1020,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestReadWithLimits) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1123,7 +1125,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestEmbeddingBitmapIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1186,7 +1189,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestBitmapWithV1) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1225,7 +1229,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestNoEmbeddingBitmapIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1264,7 +1269,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestBitmapIndexWithLateMaterializing) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1339,7 +1345,7 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestNoEmbeddingBitmapIndexWithExternalPath) {
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
         /*external_path=*/external_file_path, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1381,7 +1387,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestBitmapIndexWithDv) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DeletionFile deletion_file(deletion_file_path,
                                /*offset=*/1, /*length=*/24, /*cardinality=*/2);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
@@ -1487,7 +1494,7 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestWithAlterTable) {
             /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
             /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     };
 
     std::vector<uint8_t> embedded_bytes1 = {
@@ -1870,7 +1877,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestWithBsiIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -1930,7 +1938,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestWithBloomFilterIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -2136,7 +2145,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestBitmapPushDownWithMultiStripes) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -2246,7 +2256,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestWithBitmapAndBsiAndBloomFilterIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -2328,7 +2339,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestWithIndexWithoutRegistered) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
@@ -2465,7 +2477,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestRangeBitmapIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
@@ -2510,7 +2523,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestRangeBitmapIndexMultiChunk) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
@@ -2552,7 +2566,8 @@ TEST_P(ReadInteWithIndexTest, TestWithIOException) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/path + "bucket-0/", {data_file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto split,
diff --git a/test/inte/scan_inte_test.cpp b/test/inte/scan_inte_test.cpp
index fdc38ea9f..b33fcf36b 100644
--- a/test/inte/scan_inte_test.cpp
+++ b/test/inte/scan_inte_test.cpp
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> meta_snapshot1_partition10_bucket1_ =
         std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> meta_snapshot1_partition20_bucket0_ =
         std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> meta_snapshot2_partition10_bucket1_ =
         std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> meta_snapshot2_partition20_bucket0_ =
         std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> meta_snapshot3_partition10_bucket1_ =
         std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> meta_snapshot4_partition10_bucket1_ =
         std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta> meta_snapshot5_partition10_bucket1_ =
         std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class ScanInteTest : public testing::TestWithParam<ManifestCacheMode> {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 };
 
 TEST(ScanInteManifestCacheTest, TestRepeatedScanReusesManifestCache) {
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithSnapshot1WithMultiPartitionKeys) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10, 0}, pool_.get()),
         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendComplexDataWithSnapshot4WithPredicateFilter)
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool_.get()),
         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1549,7 +1549,7 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendComplexDataWithSnapshot4WithPredicateFilter2)
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Compact(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool_.get()),
         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1591,7 +1591,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithSnapshot1WithEnableStatsDenseStore) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938869ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-c2613568-0412-4cd9-a0c4-1eae8e4ca89b-0.orc", /*file_size=*/575, /*row_count=*/3,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*max_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -1603,7 +1604,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithSnapshot1WithEnableStatsDenseStore) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938891ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-a6d1261a-f798-4fbd-a251-6d6c7d8060dd-0.orc", /*file_size=*/541, /*row_count=*/1,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*max_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -1615,7 +1617,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithSnapshot1WithEnableStatsDenseStore) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938908ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool_.get()),
@@ -1689,7 +1692,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithSnapshot1WithEnableStatsDenseStore2) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1731412938891ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({10}, pool_.get()),
@@ -1787,7 +1791,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithAlterTableWithCast) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1732635461460ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({1, 1}, pool_.get()),
                                    /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1833,7 +1838,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithAlterTableWithNoCast) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1730458825047ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder1(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({1, 1}, pool_.get()),
                                     /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1860,7 +1866,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithAlterTableWithNoCast) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1730459969493ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder2(BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({0, 1}, pool_.get()),
                                     /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1910,7 +1917,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithAlterTableWithDenseField) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1751647880163ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::optional<std::vector<std::string>>({"key0", "f0", "f1", "f2"}),
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({1}, pool_.get()),
         /*bucket=*/0, /*bucket_path=*/
@@ -1992,7 +2000,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithBitmapEmbeddedIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1745000702835ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/table_path + "bucket-0", {file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto expected_data_split, builder.WithTotalBuckets(-1)
@@ -2057,7 +2066,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithBitmapNoEmbeddedIndex) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1745235371029ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/table_path + "bucket-0", {file_meta});
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto expected_data_split, builder.WithTotalBuckets(-1)
@@ -2124,7 +2134,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithBitmapAndAlterTable) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1745253323731ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/table_path + "bucket-0", {file_meta});
@@ -2198,7 +2209,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithBitmapAndAlterTable3) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1745251357742ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/table_path + "bucket-0", {file_meta});
@@ -2274,7 +2286,8 @@ TEST_P(ScanInteTest, TestScanAppendWithBitmapAndAlterTable2) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1745251357742ll, 0), /*delete_row_count=*/0,
         /*embedded_index=*/embedded_index, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt, /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     DataSplitImpl::Builder builder(BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/0,
                                    /*bucket_path=*/table_path + "bucket-0", {file_meta});
diff --git a/test/inte/write_inte_test.cpp b/test/inte/write_inte_test.cpp
index 451c3ce29..9035ae6e5 100644
--- a/test/inte/write_inte_test.cpp
+++ b/test/inte/write_inte_test.cpp
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class WriteInteTest : public testing::Test, public ::testing::WithParamInterface
             file_meta->level, file_meta->extra_files, file_meta->creation_time,
             file_meta->delete_row_count, file_meta->embedded_index, file_meta->file_source,
             file_meta->value_stats_cols, file_meta->external_path, file_meta->first_row_id,
-            file_meta->write_cols);
+            file_meta->write_cols, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         auto generate_null_stats = [this](const SimpleStats& stats) -> SimpleStats {
             if (stats == SimpleStats::EmptyStats()) {
                 return stats;
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableBatchWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableStreamWriteWithOneBucket) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableStreamWriteWithOneBucket) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
     DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithComplexType) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithComplexType) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
     DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableStreamWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_1 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_1);
     DataIncrement data_increment_1({file_meta_1}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1037,7 +1037,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableStreamWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
     DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableStreamWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_3 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_3);
     DataIncrement data_increment_3({file_meta_3}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_3 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableStreamWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_4 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_4);
     DataIncrement data_increment_4({file_meta_4}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_4 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1161,7 +1161,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableStreamWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_5 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_5);
     DataIncrement data_increment_5({file_meta_5}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_5 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableStreamWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_6 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_6);
     DataIncrement data_increment_6({file_meta_6}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_6 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableBatchWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_1 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_1);
     DataIncrement data_increment_1({file_meta_1}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableBatchWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
     DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableBatchWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_3 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_3);
     DataIncrement data_increment_3({file_meta_3}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_3 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithNoPartitionKey) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_1 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_1);
     DataIncrement data_increment_1({file_meta_1}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1482,7 +1482,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithNoPartitionKey) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
     DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1558,7 +1558,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithNoPartitionKey) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_3 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_3);
     DataIncrement data_increment_3({file_meta_3}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_3 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithNoPartitionKey) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_4 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_4);
     DataIncrement data_increment_4({file_meta_4}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_4 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithComplexType) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -1769,7 +1769,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithComplexType) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
     DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -2036,7 +2036,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithIOException) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         file_meta_1 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_1);
         DataIncrement data_increment_1({file_meta_1}, {}, {});
         std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 =
@@ -2065,7 +2065,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithIOException) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
         DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
         std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 =
@@ -2094,7 +2094,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithIOException) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/2, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         file_meta_3 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_3);
         DataIncrement data_increment_3({file_meta_3}, {}, {});
         std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_3 =
@@ -2126,7 +2126,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithIOException) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         file_meta_4 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_4);
         DataIncrement data_increment_4({file_meta_4}, {}, {});
         std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_4 =
@@ -2154,7 +2154,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithIOException) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         file_meta_5 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_5);
         DataIncrement data_increment_5({file_meta_5}, {}, {});
         std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_5 =
@@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTableWriteWithIOException) {
             /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
             /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
             /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+            /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
         file_meta_6 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_6);
         DataIncrement data_increment_6({file_meta_6}, {}, {});
         std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_6 =
@@ -2257,7 +2257,7 @@ TEST_F(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithAlterTable) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({1, 1}, pool_.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
@@ -2337,7 +2337,7 @@ TEST_F(WriteInteTest, TestPKTableWriteWithAlterTable) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({0, 0}, pool_.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
@@ -2775,7 +2775,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableStreamWriteWithExternalPath) {
         /*level=*/0, /*extra_files=*/std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(),
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
-        /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, "FILE:/tmp/xxx", std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+        /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, "FILE:/tmp/xxx", std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -2844,7 +2845,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableStreamWriteWithExternalPath) {
         /*level=*/0, /*extra_files=*/std::vector<std::optional<std::string>>(),
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
-        /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, "FILE:/tmp/xxx", std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+        /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, "FILE:/tmp/xxx", std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta_2 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta_2);
     DataIncrement data_increment_2({file_meta_2}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_2 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -3443,7 +3445,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestPkTablePostponeBucket) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/1, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
         /*partition_map=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*bucket=*/-2,
@@ -3532,7 +3534,7 @@ TEST_F(WriteInteTest, TestBranchWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment_0({file_meta_0}, {}, {});
     auto expected_commit_message_0 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({std::string("20240726")}, pool_.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
@@ -3574,7 +3576,7 @@ TEST_F(WriteInteTest, TestBranchWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     DataIncrement data_increment_1({file_meta_1}, {}, {});
     auto expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
         BinaryRowGenerator::GenerateRow({std::string("20240725")}, pool_.get()), /*bucket=*/0,
@@ -3704,7 +3706,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestDataEvolutionWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     check_meta(commit_msgs1[0], {file_meta1});
     commit(commit_msgs1, /*latest_snapshot_id=*/1, /*next_row_id=*/2);
     check_committed_meta({{0, std::nullopt, 1, 1}});
@@ -3736,7 +3738,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestDataEvolutionWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/write_cols2);
+        /*write_cols=*/write_cols2, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     check_meta(commit_msgs2[0], {file_meta2});
     commit(commit_msgs2, /*latest_snapshot_id=*/2, /*next_row_id=*/7);
     check_committed_meta({{0, std::nullopt, 1, 1}, {2, write_cols2, 2, 2}});
@@ -3762,7 +3764,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestDataEvolutionWrite) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/write_cols3);
+        /*write_cols=*/write_cols3, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     check_meta(commit_msgs3[0], {file_meta3});
     auto commit_msg_impl = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CommitMessageImpl>(commit_msgs3[0]);
     ASSERT_TRUE(commit_msg_impl);
@@ -3834,7 +3836,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithBlobType) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0", "f1"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0", "f1"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta1 = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta1);
     auto file_meta2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-xxx.blob", /*file_size=*/764, /*row_count=*/3,
@@ -3845,7 +3848,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithBlobType) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     auto file_meta3 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
         "data-xxx.blob", /*file_size=*/3023, /*row_count=*/1,
         /*min_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(), /*max_key=*/BinaryRow::EmptyRow(),
@@ -3855,7 +3859,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithBlobType) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(1724090888706ll, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/3,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DataFileMeta>> expected_meta = {file_meta1, file_meta2, file_meta3};
 
     // NOTE: Due to the write logic of C++ Paimon and Java Paimon is different, the first_row_id in
@@ -3924,7 +3929,7 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWithDateFieldAsPartitionField) {
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt,
         /*first_row_id=*/std::nullopt,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt);
+        /*write_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     file_meta = ReconstructDataFileMeta(file_meta);
     DataIncrement data_increment({file_meta}, {}, {});
     std::shared_ptr<CommitMessage> expected_commit_message_1 = std::make_shared<CommitMessageImpl>(
@@ -4728,7 +4733,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithMultipleBlobFields) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0", "f1"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"f0", "f1"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
     expected_main = ReconstructDataFileMeta(expected_main);
 
     // blob1 file: 3 rows, write_cols={"blob1"}, first_row_id=0
@@ -4741,7 +4747,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithMultipleBlobFields) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob1"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob1"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     // blob2 file: 3 rows, write_cols={"blob2"}, first_row_id=0
     auto expected_blob2 = std::make_shared<DataFileMeta>(
@@ -4753,7 +4760,8 @@ TEST_P(WriteInteTest, TestAppendTableWriteWithMultipleBlobFields) {
         /*creation_time=*/Timestamp(0, 0),
         /*delete_row_count=*/0, /*embedded_index=*/nullptr, FileSource::Append(),
         /*value_stats_cols=*/std::nullopt, /*external_path=*/std::nullopt, /*first_row_id=*/0,
-        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob2"}));
+        /*write_cols=*/std::vector<std::string>({"blob2"}),
+        /*column_max_sequence_numbers=*/std::nullopt);
 
     ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(auto commit_msgs,
                          helper->WriteAndCommit(std::move(batch), commit_identifier++,
diff --git a/test/test_data/compatibility/commit_message-v13 b/test/test_data/compatibility/commit_message-v13
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..568705a59
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/test_data/compatibility/commit_message-v13 differ
diff --git a/test/test_data/compatibility/data_split-v9 b/test/test_data/compatibility/data_split-v9
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bfd4ac19
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/test_data/compatibility/data_split-v9 differ