diff --git a/CHANGES.rst b/CHANGES.rst
index bb38bc214e..806d96ed3b 100644
--- a/CHANGES.rst
+++ b/CHANGES.rst
@@ -14,6 +14,19 @@ Common
 Compute
 ~~~~~~~
 
+- [Compute] Unify ``NodeDriver`` method signatures across drivers.
+
+  Driver implementations now preserve the standard argument order and
+  optionality declared by ``NodeDriver``. Provider-specific arguments follow
+  the standard arguments and are optional. ``list_nodes`` is excluded because
+  its ``*args, **kwargs`` contract is intentionally unrestricted.
+
+  This can be a backward-incompatible change for code which passes arguments
+  positionally to affected methods.
+
+  (#2170)
+  [Miguel Caballer - @micafer]
+
 - [SSH] Support paramiko 4
 
   RSA key support has been removed as of paramiko 4, so only import it
diff --git a/docs/development.rst b/docs/development.rst
index f21d803132..f73e5bba36 100644
--- a/docs/development.rst
+++ b/docs/development.rst
@@ -177,10 +177,10 @@ For example:
         def list_nodes(self):
             pass
 
-        def list_images(self):
+        def list_images(self, location=None):
             pass
 
-        def create_node(self):
+        def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None):
             pass
 
         def reboot_node(self):
diff --git a/docs/examples/compute/nttcis/Nodes_Create_mcp2_Customized.py b/docs/examples/compute/nttcis/Nodes_Create_mcp2_Customized.py
index 642b840cd8..6160963f48 100644
--- a/docs/examples/compute/nttcis/Nodes_Create_mcp2_Customized.py
+++ b/docs/examples/compute/nttcis/Nodes_Create_mcp2_Customized.py
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 vlans = driver.ex_list_vlans()
 vlan = [v for v in vlans if v.name == vlan_name][0]
 new_node = driver.create_node(
-    "Suse_12",
-    image,
-    psswd,
+    name="Suse_12",
+    size=None,
+    image=image,
+    auth=psswd,
     ex_description="Customized_Suse server",
     ex_network_domain=net_domain,
     ex_primary_nic_vlan=vlan,
diff --git a/docs/examples/compute/onapp/functionality.py b/docs/examples/compute/onapp/functionality.py
index 66c944d123..9e40815b8a 100644
--- a/docs/examples/compute/onapp/functionality.py
+++ b/docs/examples/compute/onapp/functionality.py
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 
 node = driver.create_node(
     name=name,
+    size=None,
+    image=None,
     ex_memory=memory,
     ex_cpus=cpus,
     ex_cpu_shares=cpu_shares,
diff --git a/docs/examples/compute/vmware_vcloud_1.5.py b/docs/examples/compute/vmware_vcloud_1.5.py
index 327044b47d..493feffb44 100644
--- a/docs/examples/compute/vmware_vcloud_1.5.py
+++ b/docs/examples/compute/vmware_vcloud_1.5.py
@@ -26,20 +26,23 @@
 image = [i for i in images if i.name == "natty-server-cloudimg-amd64"][0]
 
 # Create node with minimum set of parameters
-node = driver.create_node(name="test node 1", image=image)
+node = driver.create_node(name="test node 1", size=None, image=image)
 # Destroy the node
 driver.destroy_node(node)
 
 # Create node without deploying and powering it on
-node = driver.create_node(name="test node 2", image=image, ex_deploy=False)
+node = driver.create_node(name="test node 2", size=None, image=image, ex_deploy=False)
 
 # Create node with custom CPU & Memory values
-node = driver.create_node(name="test node 3", image=image, ex_vm_cpu=3, ex_vm_memory=1024)
+node = driver.create_node(
+    name="test node 3", size=None, image=image, ex_vm_cpu=3, ex_vm_memory=1024
+)
 
 # Create node with customised networking parameters (eg. for OVF
 # imported images)
 node = driver.create_node(
     name="test node 4",
+    size=None,
     image=image,
     ex_vm_network="your vm net name",
     ex_network="your org net name",
@@ -48,9 +51,12 @@
 )
 
 # Create node in a custom virtual data center
-node = driver.create_node(name="test node 4", image=image, ex_vdc="your vdc name")
+node = driver.create_node(name="test node 4", size=None, image=image, ex_vdc="your vdc name")
 
 # Create node with guest OS customisation script to be run at first boot
 node = driver.create_node(
-    name="test node 5", image=image, ex_vm_script="filesystem path to your script"
+    name="test node 5",
+    size=None,
+    image=image,
+    ex_vm_script="filesystem path to your script",
 )
diff --git a/docs/upgrade_notes.rst b/docs/upgrade_notes.rst
index 097cbf0855..1214f07d44 100644
--- a/docs/upgrade_notes.rst
+++ b/docs/upgrade_notes.rst
@@ -5,6 +5,32 @@ This page describes how to upgrade from a previous version to a new version
 which contains backward incompatible or semi-incompatible changes and how to
 preserve the old behavior when this is possible.
 
+Libcloud 3.9.2
+--------------
+
+Compute driver implementations now use the same argument order and optionality
+as the corresponding methods on ``NodeDriver``. Provider-specific arguments
+are optional and appear after the standard arguments. ``list_nodes`` is not
+affected because its ``*args, **kwargs`` contract is intentionally
+unrestricted.
+
+This affects methods including ``create_node``, ``list_sizes``,
+``list_images``, image management, key pair management, and block storage
+operations. Code which passes arguments positionally may need to be updated.
+Using keyword arguments for provider-specific options is recommended.
+
+For example, the standard node creation signature is:
+
+.. sourcecode:: python
+
+  def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ...)
+
+The standard volume creation signature is:
+
+.. sourcecode:: python
+
+  def create_volume(self, size, name, location=None, snapshot=None, ...)
+
 Libcloud 3.9.0
 --------------
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/abiquo.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/abiquo.py
index 73bd208c0a..305c618a10 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/abiquo.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/abiquo.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def __init__(self, user_id, secret, endpoint, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(key=user_id, secret=secret, secure=False, host=None, port=None, **kwargs)
         self.ex_populate_cache()
 
-    def create_node(self, image, name=None, size=None, location=None, ex_group_name=None):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ex_group_name=None):
         """
         Create a new node instance in Abiquo
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure.py
index d424f357d5..81388f14b5 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure.py
@@ -334,7 +334,10 @@ def __init__(self, subscription_id=None, key_file=None, **kwargs):
         self.follow_redirects = kwargs.get("follow_redirects", True)
         super().__init__(self.subscription_id, self.key_file, secure=True, **kwargs)
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Lists all sizes
 
@@ -481,7 +484,9 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
-        ex_cloud_service_name,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
+        ex_cloud_service_name=None,
         ex_storage_service_name=None,
         ex_new_deployment=False,
         ex_deployment_slot="Production",
@@ -490,7 +495,6 @@ def create_node(
         ex_custom_data=None,
         ex_virtual_network_name=None,
         ex_network_config=None,
-        auth=None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         """
@@ -1004,19 +1008,40 @@ def ex_destroy_storage_service(self, name):
     Functions not implemented
     """
 
-    def create_volume_snapshot(self):
+    def create_volume_snapshot(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        name=None,
+    ):
         raise NotImplementedError("You cannot create snapshots of " "Azure VMs at this time.")
 
-    def attach_volume(self):
+    def attach_volume(
+        self,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
+    ):
         raise NotImplementedError("attach_volume is not supported " "at this time.")
 
-    def create_volume(self):
+    def create_volume(
+        self,
+        size,
+        name,
+        location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
+    ):
         raise NotImplementedError("create_volume is not supported " "at this time.")
 
-    def detach_volume(self):
+    def detach_volume(
+        self,
+        volume,
+    ):
         raise NotImplementedError("detach_volume is not supported " "at this time.")
 
-    def destroy_volume(self):
+    def destroy_volume(
+        self,
+        volume,
+    ):
         raise NotImplementedError("destroy_volume is not supported " "at this time.")
 
     """
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure_arm.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure_arm.py
index 852c350e5d..68868b254e 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure_arm.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/azure_arm.py
@@ -505,11 +505,11 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
-        auth,
-        ex_resource_group,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
+        ex_resource_group=None,
         ex_storage_account=None,
         ex_blob_container="vhds",
-        location=None,
         ex_user_name="azureuser",
         ex_network=None,
         ex_subnet=None,
@@ -1082,10 +1082,10 @@ def attach_volume(
         self,
         node,
         volume,
+        device=None,
         ex_lun=None,
         ex_vhd_uri=None,
         ex_vhd_create=False,
-        **ex_kwargs,
     ):
         """
         Attach a volume to node.
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/brightbox.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/brightbox.py
index 67ee9bcc26..655ee7242c 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/brightbox.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/brightbox.py
@@ -168,7 +168,9 @@ def _put(self, path, data={}):
         headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
         return self.connection.request(path, data=data, headers=headers, method="PUT")
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, ex_userdata=None, ex_servergroup=None):
+    def create_node(
+        self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ex_userdata=None, ex_servergroup=None
+    ):
         """Create a new Brightbox node
 
         Reference: https://api.gb1.brightbox.com/1.0/#server_create_server
@@ -216,7 +218,10 @@ def list_images(self, location=None):
         data = self.connection.request("/%s/images" % self.api_version).object
         return list(map(self._to_image, data))
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         data = self.connection.request("/%s/server_types" % self.api_version).object
         return list(map(self._to_size, data))
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudscale.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudscale.py
index 7698bd65d2..d16a9b3101 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudscale.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudscale.py
@@ -94,13 +94,19 @@ def list_nodes(self):
         """
         return self._list_resources("/v1/servers", self._to_node)
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Lists all available sizes. On cloudscale these are known as flavors.
         """
         return self._list_resources("/v1/flavors", self._to_size)
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List all images.
 
@@ -110,7 +116,7 @@ def list_images(self):
         """
         return self._list_resources("/v1/images", self._to_image)
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, ex_create_attr=None):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ex_create_attr=None):
         """
         Create a node.
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudsigma.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudsigma.py
index a012b480bf..00c2057d50 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudsigma.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudsigma.py
@@ -316,6 +316,8 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         smp="auto",
         nic_model="e1000",
         vnc_password=None,
@@ -1178,7 +1180,10 @@ def list_nodes(self, ex_tag=None):
 
         return nodes
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List available sizes.
         """
@@ -1200,7 +1205,10 @@ def list_sizes(self):
 
         return sizes
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Return a list of available pre-installed library drives.
 
@@ -1223,6 +1231,8 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_metadata=None,
         ex_vnc_password=None,
         ex_avoid=None,
@@ -1622,7 +1632,15 @@ def ex_create_drive(self, name, size, media="disk", ex_avoid=None):
 
         return drive
 
-    def create_volume(self, name, size, media="disk", ex_avoid=None):
+    def create_volume(
+        self,
+        size,
+        name,
+        location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
+        media="disk",
+        ex_avoid=None,
+    ):
         return self.ex_create_drive(name=name, size=size, media=media, ex_avoid=ex_avoid)
 
     def ex_clone_drive(self, drive, name=None, ex_avoid=None):
@@ -1729,7 +1747,12 @@ def ex_attach_drive(self, node, drive):
 
         return response.status == 200
 
-    def attach_volume(self, node, volume):
+    def attach_volume(
+        self,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
+    ):
         return self.ex_attach_drive(node=node, drive=volume)
 
     def ex_detach_drive(self, node, drive):
@@ -1740,7 +1763,11 @@ def ex_detach_drive(self, node, drive):
 
         return response.status == 200
 
-    def detach_volume(self, node, volume):
+    def detach_volume(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        node=None,
+    ):
         return self.ex_detach_drive(node=node, drive=volume)
 
     def ex_get_drive(self, drive_id):
@@ -1765,7 +1792,11 @@ def ex_destroy_drive(self, drive):
 
         return response.status == httplib.NO_CONTENT
 
-    def destroy_volume(self, drive):
+    def destroy_volume(
+        self,
+        volume,
+    ):
+        drive = volume
         return self.ex_destroy_drive(drive=drive)
 
     # Firewall policies extension methods
@@ -2154,7 +2185,10 @@ def list_key_pairs(self):
 
         return keys
 
-    def get_key_pair(self, key_uuid):
+    def get_key_pair(
+        self,
+        name,
+    ):
         """
         Retrieve a single key pair.
 
@@ -2163,6 +2197,7 @@ def get_key_pair(self, key_uuid):
 
         :rtype: :class:`.KeyPair`
         """
+        key_uuid = name
         action = "/keypairs/%s/" % (key_uuid)
         response = self.connection.request(action=action, method="GET").object
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudstack.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudstack.py
index 69605c2f1e..bec45459c1 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudstack.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/cloudstack.py
@@ -1601,6 +1601,7 @@ def create_node(
         size,
         image,
         location=None,
+        auth=None,
         networks=None,
         project=None,
         diskoffering=None,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/digitalocean.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/digitalocean.py
index 761199dcf3..e1d75c8348 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/digitalocean.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/digitalocean.py
@@ -100,7 +100,10 @@ class DigitalOcean_v2_NodeDriver(DigitalOcean_v2_BaseDriver, DigitalOceanNodeDri
 
     EX_CREATE_ATTRIBUTES = ["backups", "ipv6", "private_networking", "tags", "ssh_keys"]
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         data = self._paginated_request("/v2/images", "images")
         return list(map(self._to_image, data))
 
@@ -151,7 +154,8 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
-        location,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_create_attr=None,
         ex_ssh_key_ids=None,
         ex_user_data=None,
@@ -230,7 +234,12 @@ def reboot_node(self, node):
         )
         return res.status == httplib.CREATED
 
-    def create_image(self, node, name):
+    def create_image(
+        self,
+        node,
+        name,
+        description=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create an image from a Node.
 
@@ -239,8 +248,11 @@ def create_image(self, node, name):
         :param node: Node to use as base for image
         :type node: :class:`Node`
 
-        :param node: Name for image
-        :type node: ``str``
+        :param name: Name for image
+        :type name: ``str``
+
+        :param description: Optional image description.
+        :type description: ``str``
 
         :rtype: ``bool``
         """
@@ -250,16 +262,20 @@ def create_image(self, node, name):
         )
         return res.status == httplib.CREATED
 
-    def delete_image(self, image):
+    def delete_image(
+        self,
+        node_image,
+    ):
         """Delete an image for node.
 
         @inherits: :class:`NodeDriver.delete_image`
 
-        :param      image: the image to be deleted
-        :type       image: :class:`NodeImage`
+        :param      node_image: the image to be deleted
+        :type       node_image: :class:`NodeImage`
 
         :rtype: ``bool``
         """
+        image = node_image
         res = self.connection.request("/v2/images/%s" % (image.id), method="DELETE")
         return res.status == httplib.NO_CONTENT
 
@@ -373,13 +389,17 @@ def create_key_pair(self, name, public_key=""):
 
         return self._to_key_pair(data=data)
 
-    def delete_key_pair(self, key):
+    def delete_key_pair(
+        self,
+        key_pair,
+    ):
         """
         Delete an existing SSH key.
 
-        :param      key: SSH key (required)
-        :type       key: :class:`KeyPair`
+        :param      key_pair: SSH key (required)
+        :type       key_pair: :class:`KeyPair`
         """
+        key = key_pair
         key_id = key.extra["id"]
         res = self.connection.request("/v2/account/keys/%s" % (key_id), method="DELETE")
         return res.status == httplib.NO_CONTENT
@@ -494,7 +514,11 @@ def detach_volume(self, volume):
 
         return all([r.status == httplib.ACCEPTED for r in responses])
 
-    def create_volume_snapshot(self, volume, name):
+    def create_volume_snapshot(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        name=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a new volume snapshot.
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/dimensiondata.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/dimensiondata.py
index 31660cec35..3dfdd34dce 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/dimensiondata.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/dimensiondata.py
@@ -272,8 +272,10 @@ def _create_node_mcp1(
     def create_node(
         self,
         name,
+        size,
         image,
-        auth,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_network_domain=None,
         ex_primary_nic_private_ipv4=None,
         ex_primary_nic_vlan=None,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/dummy.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/dummy.py
index 04889789d7..a3fee5fd8a 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/dummy.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/dummy.py
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def list_locations(self):
             NodeLocation(id=3, name="Island Datacenter", country="FJ", driver=self),
         ]
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None):
         """
         Creates a dummy node; the node id is equal to the number of
         nodes in the node list
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ec2.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ec2.py
index 770a30d15a..8d62c78739 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ec2.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ec2.py
@@ -1876,7 +1876,12 @@ def create_volume(
 
         return volume
 
-    def attach_volume(self, node, volume, device):
+    def attach_volume(
+        self,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
+    ):
         params = {
             "Action": "AttachVolume",
             "VolumeId": volume.id,
@@ -2018,7 +2023,13 @@ def delete_key_pair(self, key_pair):
 
         return self._get_boolean(res)
 
-    def copy_image(self, image, source_region, name=None, description=None):
+    def copy_image(
+        self,
+        source_region,
+        node_image,
+        name,
+        description=None,
+    ):
         """
         Copy an Amazon Machine Image from the specified source region
         to the current region.
@@ -2028,8 +2039,8 @@ def copy_image(self, image, source_region, name=None, description=None):
         :param      source_region: The region where the image resides
         :type       source_region: ``str``
 
-        :param      image: Instance of class NodeImage
-        :type       image: :class:`NodeImage`
+        :param      node_image: Instance of class NodeImage
+        :type       node_image: :class:`NodeImage`
 
         :param      name: The name of the new image
         :type       name: ``str``
@@ -2040,6 +2051,7 @@ def copy_image(self, image, source_region, name=None, description=None):
         :return:    Instance of class ``NodeImage``
         :rtype:     :class:`NodeImage`
         """
+        image = node_image
         params = {
             "Action": "CopyImage",
             "SourceRegion": source_region,
@@ -2110,17 +2122,21 @@ def create_image(self, node, name, description=None, reboot=False, block_device_
 
         return image
 
-    def delete_image(self, image):
+    def delete_image(
+        self,
+        node_image,
+    ):
         """
         Deletes an image at Amazon given a NodeImage object
 
         @inherits: :class:`NodeDriver.delete_image`
 
-        :param image: Instance of ``NodeImage``
-        :type image: :class: `NodeImage`
+        :param node_image: Instance of ``NodeImage``
+        :type node_image: :class: `NodeImage`
 
         :rtype:     ``bool``
         """
+        image = node_image
         params = {"Action": "DeregisterImage", "ImageId": image.id}
 
         response = self.connection.request(self.path, params=params).object
@@ -5502,7 +5518,10 @@ def _to_size(self, el):
             extra={"cpu": int(cpu)},
         )
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Lists available nodes sizes.
 
@@ -5641,7 +5660,7 @@ def __init__(
 
         super().__init__(key=key, secret=secret, secure=secure, host=host, port=port, **kwargs)
 
-    def create_node(self, **kwargs):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Creates a new Outscale node. The ex_iamprofile keyword
         is not supported.
@@ -5680,7 +5699,14 @@ def create_node(self, **kwargs):
         """
         if "ex_iamprofile" in kwargs:
             raise NotImplementedError("ex_iamprofile not implemented")
-        return super().create_node(**kwargs)
+        return super().create_node(
+            name=name,
+            size=size,
+            image=image,
+            location=location,
+            auth=auth,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
 
     def ex_create_network(self, cidr_block, name=None):
         """
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ecs.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ecs.py
index 8fca7b4554..45f0501918 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ecs.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ecs.py
@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
+        location=None,
         auth=None,
         ex_security_group_id=None,
         ex_description=None,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/equinixmetal.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/equinixmetal.py
index 2508e5fa6a..11e497927b 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/equinixmetal.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/equinixmetal.py
@@ -245,12 +245,19 @@ def list_locations(self):
 
         return list(map(self._to_location, data))
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         data = self.connection.request("/metal/v1/operating-systems").object["operating_systems"]
 
         return list(map(self._to_image, data))
 
-    def list_sizes(self, ex_project_id=None):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        ex_project_id=None,
+    ):
         project_id = (
             ex_project_id or self.project_id or (len(self.projects) and self.projects[0].id)
         )
@@ -269,7 +276,8 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
-        location,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_project_id=None,
         ip_addresses=None,
         cloud_init=None,
@@ -416,7 +424,11 @@ def list_key_pairs(self):
 
         return list(map(self._to_key_pairs, data))
 
-    def create_key_pair(self, name, public_key):
+    def create_key_pair(
+        self,
+        name,
+        public_key=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a new SSH key.
 
@@ -426,18 +438,25 @@ def create_key_pair(self, name, public_key):
         :param      public_key: Valid public key string (required)
         :type       public_key: ``str``
         """
+        if not public_key:
+            raise ValueError("public_key is required.")
+
         params = {"label": name, "key": public_key}
         data = self.connection.request("/metal/v1/ssh-keys", method="POST", params=params).object
 
         return self._to_key_pairs(data)
 
-    def delete_key_pair(self, key):
+    def delete_key_pair(
+        self,
+        key_pair,
+    ):
         """
         Delete an existing SSH key.
 
-        :param      key: SSH key (required)
-        :type       key: :class:`KeyPair`
+        :param      key_pair: SSH key (required)
+        :type       key_pair: :class:`KeyPair`
         """
+        key = key_pair
         key_id = key.name
         res = self.connection.request("/metal/v1/ssh-keys/%s" % (key_id), method="DELETE")
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gandi.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gandi.py
index 594b5e204f..b3543c85ed 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gandi.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gandi.py
@@ -230,7 +230,23 @@ def destroy_node(self, node):
             return True
         return False
 
-    def deploy_node(self, **kwargs):
+    def deploy_node(
+        self,
+        deploy,
+        ssh_username="root",
+        ssh_alternate_usernames=None,
+        ssh_port=22,
+        ssh_timeout=10,
+        ssh_key=None,
+        ssh_key_password=None,
+        auth=None,
+        timeout=300,
+        max_tries=3,
+        ssh_interface="public_ips",
+        at_exit_func=None,
+        wait_period=5,
+        **create_node_kwargs,
+    ):
         """
         deploy_node is not implemented for gandi driver
 
@@ -244,6 +260,7 @@ def create_node(
         size,
         image,
         location=None,
+        auth=None,
         login=None,
         password=None,
         inet_family=4,
@@ -520,7 +537,11 @@ def attach_volume(self, node, volume, device=None):
             return True
         return False
 
-    def detach_volume(self, node, volume):
+    def detach_volume(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        node=None,
+    ):
         """
         Detaches a volume from a node.
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gce.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gce.py
index bdb46dbdca..e9d77c6e3a 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gce.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gce.py
@@ -2678,7 +2678,12 @@ def ex_list_forwarding_rules(self, region=None, global_rules=False):
 
         return list_forwarding_rules
 
-    def list_images(self, ex_project=None, ex_include_deprecated=False):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        ex_project=None,
+        ex_include_deprecated=False,
+    ):
         """
         Return a list of image objects. If no project is specified, a list of
         all non-deprecated global and vendor images images is returned. By
@@ -4441,6 +4446,7 @@ def create_node(
         size,
         image,
         location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_network="default",
         ex_subnetwork=None,
         ex_tags=None,
@@ -6134,7 +6140,11 @@ def create_volume(
 
         return self.ex_get_volume(name, location)
 
-    def create_volume_snapshot(self, volume, name):
+    def create_volume_snapshot(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        name=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a snapshot of the provided Volume.
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gig_g8.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gig_g8.py
index fa85b62eb9..3c0e80975c 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gig_g8.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gig_g8.py
@@ -168,11 +168,12 @@ def _location(self):
     def create_node(
         self,
         name,
+        size,
         image,
-        ex_network,
-        ex_description,
-        size=None,
+        location=None,
         auth=None,
+        ex_network=None,
+        ex_description=None,
         ex_create_attr=None,
         ex_expose_ssh=False,
     ):
@@ -415,7 +416,10 @@ def ex_list_networks(self):
                 networks.append(self._to_network(network))
         return networks
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         # type () -> List[Size]
         """
         Returns a list of node sizes as a cloud provider might have
@@ -476,7 +480,10 @@ def destroy_node(self, node):
         self._api_request("/machines/delete", {"machineId": int(node.id)})
         return True
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         # type () -> List[Image]
         """
         Returns a list of images as a cloud provider might have
@@ -497,7 +504,15 @@ def list_volumes(self):
             volumes.append(self._to_volume(disk))
         return volumes
 
-    def create_volume(self, size, name, ex_description, ex_disk_type="D"):
+    def create_volume(
+        self,
+        size,
+        name,
+        location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
+        ex_description=None,
+        ex_disk_type="D",
+    ):
         # type (int, str, str, Optional[str]) -> StorageVolume
         """
         Create volume
@@ -508,12 +523,12 @@ def create_volume(self, size, name, ex_description, ex_disk_type="D"):
         :param name: Name of the volume
         :type  name: ``str``
 
-        :param description: Description of the volume
-        :type  description: ``str``
+        :param ex_description: Description of the volume
+        :type  ex_description: ``str``
 
-        :param disk_type: Type of the disk depending on the G8
-                            D for datadisk is always available
-        :type  disk_type: ``str``
+        :param ex_disk_type: Type of the disk depending on the G8.
+                             ``D`` for a data disk is always available.
+        :type  ex_disk_type: ``str``
 
         :rtype: class:`StorageVolume`
         """
@@ -534,13 +549,22 @@ def destroy_volume(self, volume):
         self._api_request("/disks/delete", {"diskId": int(volume.id)})
         return True
 
-    def attach_volume(self, node, volume):
+    def attach_volume(
+        self,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
+    ):
         # type (Node, StorageVolume) -> bool
         params = {"machineId": int(node.id), "diskId": int(volume.id)}
         self._api_request("/machines/attachDisk", params)
         return True
 
-    def detach_volume(self, node, volume):
+    def detach_volume(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        node=None,
+    ):
         # type (Node, StorageVolume) -> bool
         params = {"machineId": int(node.id), "diskId": int(volume.id)}
         self._api_request("/machines/detachDisk", params)
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gridscale.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gridscale.py
index 64d5f93e0e..263a83be82 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/gridscale.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/gridscale.py
@@ -194,7 +194,10 @@ def ex_list_ips(self):
             ips.append(ip)
         return ips
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List images.
 
@@ -208,7 +211,9 @@ def list_images(self):
             templates.append(template)
         return sorted(templates, key=lambda sort: sort.name)
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location, ex_ssh_key_ids=None, **kwargs):
+    def create_node(
+        self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ex_ssh_key_ids=None, **kwargs
+    ):
         """
         Create a simple node  with a name, cores, memory at the designated
         location.
@@ -377,7 +382,11 @@ def _create_volume_from_template(self, size, name, location=None, template=None)
             )
         )
 
-    def create_volume_snapshot(self, volume, name):
+    def create_volume_snapshot(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        name=None,
+    ):
         """
         Creates a snapshot of the current state of your volume,
         you can rollback to.
@@ -404,7 +413,12 @@ def create_volume_snapshot(self, volume, name):
             )
         )
 
-    def create_image(self, node, name):
+    def create_image(
+        self,
+        node,
+        name,
+        description=None,
+    ):
         """
         Creates an image from a node object.
 
@@ -723,7 +737,12 @@ def ex_link_isoimage_to_node(self, node, isoimage):
         )
         return result
 
-    def attach_volume(self, node, volume):
+    def attach_volume(
+        self,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
+    ):
         """
          Attaches volume to node.
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/kamatera.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/kamatera.py
index 6013ef8935..645b7ce171 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/kamatera.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/kamatera.py
@@ -88,7 +88,10 @@ def list_locations(self):
             for datacenter in response.object
         ]
 
-    def list_sizes(self, location):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List predefined sizes for the given location.
 
@@ -111,7 +114,10 @@ def list_sizes(self, location):
             for size in response.object
         ]
 
-    def list_images(self, location):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List available disk images.
 
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
-        location,
+        location=None,
         auth=None,
         ex_networks=None,
         ex_dailybackup=False,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ktucloud.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ktucloud.py
index 3ec56867e2..e6d4268100 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ktucloud.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ktucloud.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def list_sizes(self, location=None):
             sizes.append(NodeSize(diskofferingid, sz["diskofferingdesc"], 0, 0, 0, 0, self))
         return sizes
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, ex_usageplantype="hourly"):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ex_usageplantype="hourly"):
         params = {
             "displayname": name,
             "serviceofferingid": image.id,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/kubevirt.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/kubevirt.py
index b011c3a449..c04291f6f5 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/kubevirt.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/kubevirt.py
@@ -815,8 +815,8 @@ def _create_node_image(vm, image):  # type: (dict, NodeImage) -> None
     def create_node(
         self,
         name,  # type: str
-        size=None,  # type: Optional[NodeSize]
-        image=None,  # type: Optional[Union[NodeImage, str]]
+        size,  # type: NodeSize
+        image,  # type: Union[NodeImage, str]
         location=None,  # type: Optional[NodeLocation]
         auth=None,  # type: Optional[Union[NodeAuthSSHKey, NodeAuthPassword]]
         ex_cpu=None,  # type: Optional[Union[int, str]]
@@ -1204,6 +1204,7 @@ def create_volume(
         size,
         name,
         location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
         ex_storage_class_name="",
         ex_volume_mode="Filesystem",
         ex_access_mode="ReadWriteOnce",
@@ -1216,9 +1217,9 @@ def create_volume(
         :param size: The size in Gigabytes
         :type size: `int`
 
-        :param volume_type: This is the type of volume to be created that is
-                            dependent on the underlying cloud where Kubernetes
-                            is deployed. K8s is supporting the following types:
+        :param ex_volume_type: This is the type of volume to be created that is
+                               dependent on the underlying cloud where Kubernetes
+                               is deployed. K8s is supporting the following types:
                             -gcePersistentDisk
                             -awsElasticBlockStore
                             -azureFile
@@ -1243,19 +1244,20 @@ def create_volume(
                             where type is one of the above and key1, key2... are type specific keys and
                             their corresponding values. eg: {nsf: {server: "172.0.0.0", path: "/tmp"}}
                                             {awsElasticBlockStore: {fsType: 'ext4', volumeID: "1234"}}
-        :type volume_type: `str`
-
-        :param volume_params: A dict with the key:value that the
-                              volume_type needs.
-                              This parameter is a dict in the form
-                              {key1:value1, key2:value2,...},
-                              where type is one of the above and key1, key2...
-                              are type specific keys and
-                              their corresponding values.
-                              eg: for nsf volume_type
-                              {server: "172.0.0.0", path: "/tmp"}
-                              for awsElasticBlockStore volume_type
-                              {fsType: 'ext4', volumeID: "1234"}
+        :type ex_volume_type: `str`
+
+        :param ex_volume_params: A dict with the key:value that the
+                                 ``ex_volume_type`` needs.
+                                 This parameter is a dict in the form
+                                 {key1:value1, key2:value2,...},
+                                 where type is one of the above and key1, key2...
+                                 are type specific keys and
+                                 their corresponding values.
+                                 eg: for nfs ``ex_volume_type``
+                                 {server: "172.0.0.0", path: "/tmp"}
+                                 for awsElasticBlockStore ``ex_volume_type``
+                                 {fsType: 'ext4', volumeID: "1234"}
+        :type ex_volume_params: ``dict``
         """
 
         if ex_dynamic:
@@ -1518,7 +1520,11 @@ def attach_volume(self, node, volume, device="disk", ex_bus="virtio", ex_name=No
         except Exception:
             raise
 
-    def detach_volume(self, volume, ex_node):
+    def detach_volume(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        ex_node=None,
+    ):
         """
         Detaches a volume from a node but the node must be given since a PVC
         can have more than one VMI's pointing to it
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/linode.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/linode.py
index b8da22ea49..ac0e390c8d 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/linode.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/linode.py
@@ -126,7 +126,10 @@ def list_nodes(self):
         data = self._paginated_request("/v4/linode/instances", "data")
         return [self._to_node(obj) for obj in data]
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Returns a list of Linode Types
 
@@ -135,7 +138,10 @@ def list_sizes(self):
         data = self._paginated_request("/v4/linode/types", "data")
         return [self._to_size(obj) for obj in data]
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Returns a list of images
 
@@ -254,7 +260,6 @@ def reboot_node(self, node):
 
     def create_node(
         self,
-        location,
         # Previously, the following 3 parameters did not match the rest of the libcloud
         # codebase drivers. They should be in the same order as other compute drivers.
         # Previously, it looked like this:
@@ -270,6 +275,8 @@ def create_node(
         name,  # Can be None
         size,  # Can be None
         image,  # Can be None
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         root_pass=None,
         ex_authorized_keys=None,
         ex_authorized_users=None,
@@ -522,7 +529,15 @@ def list_volumes(self):
 
         return [self._to_volume(obj) for obj in data]
 
-    def create_volume(self, name, size, location=None, node=None, tags=None):
+    def create_volume(
+        self,
+        size,
+        name,
+        location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
+        node=None,
+        tags=None,
+    ):
         """Creates a volume and optionally attaches it to a node.
 
         :param name: The name to be given to volume (required).\
@@ -540,8 +555,8 @@ def create_volume(self, name, size, location=None, node=None, tags=None):
         Required if node is not given.
         :type location: :class:`NodeLocation`
 
-        :keyword volume: Node to attach the volume to
-        :type volume: :class:`Node`
+        :keyword node: Node to attach the volume to
+        :type node: :class:`Node`
 
         :keyword tags: tags to apply to volume
         :type tags: `list` of `str`
@@ -578,7 +593,13 @@ def create_volume(self, name, size, location=None, node=None, tags=None):
         ).object
         return self._to_volume(response)
 
-    def attach_volume(self, node, volume, persist_across_boots=True):
+    def attach_volume(
+        self,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
+        persist_across_boots=True,
+    ):
         """Attaches a volume to a node.
         Volume and node must be located in the same region
 
@@ -705,24 +726,33 @@ def ex_get_volume(self, volume_id):
         response = self.connection.request("/v4/volumes/%s" % volume_id).object
         return self._to_volume(response)
 
-    def get_image(self, image):
+    def get_image(
+        self,
+        image_id,
+    ):
         """
         Lookup a Linode image
 
-        :param image: The name to image to be looked up (required).\
-        :type name: `str`
+        :param image_id: The ID of the image to look up (required).
+        :type image_id: ``str``
 
         :rtype: :class: `NodeImage`
         """
+        image = image_id
         response = self.connection.request("/v4/images/%s" % image, method="GET")
         return self._to_image(response.object)
 
-    def create_image(self, disk, name=None, description=None):
+    def create_image(
+        self,
+        node,
+        name,
+        description=None,
+    ):
         """Creates a private image from a LinodeDisk.
          Images are limited to three per account.
 
-        :param disk: LinodeDisk to create the image from (required)
-        :type disk: :class:`LinodeDisk`
+        :param node: LinodeDisk to create the image from (required)
+        :type node: :class:`LinodeDisk`
 
         :keyword name: A name for the image.\
         Defaults to the name of the disk \
@@ -736,6 +766,7 @@ def create_image(self, disk, name=None, description=None):
         :rtype: :class:`NodeImage`
         """
 
+        disk = node
         if not isinstance(disk, LinodeDisk):
             raise LinodeExceptionV4("Invalid disk instance")
 
@@ -746,14 +777,18 @@ def create_image(self, disk, name=None, description=None):
         ).object
         return self._to_image(response)
 
-    def delete_image(self, image):
+    def delete_image(
+        self,
+        node_image,
+    ):
         """Deletes a private image
 
-        :param image: NodeImage to delete (required)
-        :type image: :class:`NodeImage`
+        :param node_image: NodeImage to delete (required)
+        :type node_image: :class:`NodeImage`
 
         :rtype: ``bool``
         """
+        image = node_image
         if not isinstance(image, NodeImage):
             raise LinodeExceptionV4("Invalid image instance")
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/maxihost.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/maxihost.py
index c05d2efcef..6504bad577 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/maxihost.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/maxihost.py
@@ -35,13 +35,19 @@ class MaxihostNodeDriver(NodeDriver):
     name = "Maxihost"
     website = "https://www.maxihost.com/"
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location, ex_ssh_key_ids=None):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ex_ssh_key_ids=None):
         """
         Create a node.
 
+        :param location: Location where the node will be created. (required)
+        :type location: :class:`NodeLocation`
+
         :return: The newly created node.
         :rtype: :class:`Node`
         """
+        if location is None:
+            raise ValueError("location is required.")
+
         attr = {
             "hostname": name,
             "plan": size.id,
@@ -156,7 +162,10 @@ def _to_location(self, data):
         country = data.get("location").get("country", "")
         return NodeLocation(id=data["slug"], name=name, country=country, driver=self)
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List sizes
         """
@@ -185,7 +194,10 @@ def _to_size(self, data):
             extra=extra,
         )
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List images
         """
@@ -214,7 +226,11 @@ def list_key_pairs(self):
         data = self.connection.request("/account/keys")
         return list(map(self._to_key_pair, data.object["ssh_keys"]))
 
-    def create_key_pair(self, name, public_key):
+    def create_key_pair(
+        self,
+        name,
+        public_key=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a new SSH key.
 
@@ -224,6 +240,9 @@ def create_key_pair(self, name, public_key):
         :param      public_key: base64 encoded public key string (required)
         :type       public_key: ``str``
         """
+        if not public_key:
+            raise ValueError("public_key is required.")
+
         attr = {"name": name, "public_key": public_key}
         res = self.connection.request("/account/keys", method="POST", data=json.dumps(attr))
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/nttcis.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/nttcis.py
index 468cfd1607..554f9b31e2 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/nttcis.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/nttcis.py
@@ -282,8 +282,10 @@ def _create_node_mcp1(
     def create_node(
         self,
         name,
+        size,
         image,
-        auth,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_network_domain=None,
         ex_primary_nic_private_ipv4=None,
         ex_primary_nic_vlan=None,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/onapp.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/onapp.py
index 307d71d1f7..76ab8fd069 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/onapp.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/onapp.py
@@ -142,13 +142,17 @@ class OnAppNodeDriver(NodeDriver):
     def create_node(
         self,
         name,
-        ex_memory,
-        ex_cpus,
-        ex_cpu_shares,
-        ex_hostname,
-        ex_template_id,
-        ex_primary_disk_size,
-        ex_swap_disk_size,
+        size,
+        image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
+        ex_memory=None,
+        ex_cpus=None,
+        ex_cpu_shares=None,
+        ex_hostname=None,
+        ex_template_id=None,
+        ex_primary_disk_size=None,
+        ex_swap_disk_size=None,
         ex_required_virtual_machine_build=1,
         ex_required_ip_address_assignment=1,
         **kwargs,
@@ -223,7 +227,10 @@ def list_nodes(self):
             nodes.append(self._to_node(vm["virtual_machine"]))
         return nodes
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List all images
 
@@ -283,7 +290,10 @@ def import_key_pair_from_string(self, name, key_material):
         )
         return self._to_key_pair(response.object["ssh_key"])
 
-    def delete_key_pair(self, key):
+    def delete_key_pair(
+        self,
+        key_pair,
+    ):
         """
         Delete an existing key pair.
 
@@ -293,6 +303,7 @@ def delete_key_pair(self, key):
         :return: True on success
         :rtype: ``bool``
         """
+        key = key_pair
         key_id = key.name
         response = self.connection.request("/settings/ssh_keys/%s.json" % key_id, method="DELETE")
         return response.status == httplib.NO_CONTENT
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/opennebula.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/opennebula.py
index b67c9fa988..d4e2d16955 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/opennebula.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/opennebula.py
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ def __new__(cls, key, secret=None, api_version=DEFAULT_API_VERSION, **kwargs):
 
             return super().__new__(cls)
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, networks=None):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, networks=None):
         """
         Create a new OpenNebula node.
 
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ class OpenNebula_2_0_NodeDriver(OpenNebulaNodeDriver):
 
     name = "OpenNebula (v2.0 - v2.2)"
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, networks=None, context=None):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, networks=None, context=None):
         """
         Create a new OpenNebula node.
 
@@ -1207,7 +1207,12 @@ def destroy_volume(self, volume):
 
         return resp.status == httplib.NO_CONTENT
 
-    def attach_volume(self, node, volume, device):
+    def attach_volume(
+        self,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
+    ):
         action = ET.Element("ACTION")
 
         perform = ET.SubElement(action, "PERFORM")
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/openstack.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/openstack.py
index e9d5104d9b..21a613a2c0 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/openstack.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/openstack.py
@@ -663,6 +663,8 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_metadata=None,
         ex_files=None,
         ex_shared_ip_group=None,
@@ -1126,16 +1128,20 @@ def create_image(self, node, name, description=None, reboot=True):
             self.connection.request("/images", method="POST", data=ET.tostring(image_elm)).object
         )
 
-    def delete_image(self, image):
+    def delete_image(
+        self,
+        node_image,
+    ):
         """Delete an image for node.
 
         @inherits: :class:`NodeDriver.delete_image`
 
-        :param      image: the image to be deleted
-        :type       image: :class:`NodeImage`
+        :param      node_image: the image to be deleted
+        :type       node_image: :class:`NodeImage`
 
         :rtype: ``bool``
         """
+        image = node_image
         uri = "/images/%s" % image.id
         resp = self.connection.request(uri, method="DELETE")
         return resp.status == httplib.NO_CONTENT
@@ -1425,7 +1431,9 @@ def create_node(
         self,
         name,
         size,
-        image=None,
+        image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_keyname=None,
         ex_userdata=None,
         ex_config_drive=None,
@@ -1778,7 +1786,13 @@ def ex_revert_resize(self, node):
         resp = self._node_action(node, "revertResize")
         return resp.status == httplib.ACCEPTED
 
-    def create_image(self, node, name, metadata=None):
+    def create_image(
+        self,
+        node,
+        name,
+        description=None,
+        metadata=None,
+    ):
         """
         Creates a new image.
 
@@ -2360,17 +2374,21 @@ def get_image(self, image_id):
             self.connection.request("/images/{}".format(image_id)).object["image"]
         )
 
-    def delete_image(self, image):
+    def delete_image(
+        self,
+        node_image,
+    ):
         """
         Delete a NodeImage
 
         @inherits: :class:`NodeDriver.delete_image`
 
-        :param      image: image witch should be used
-        :type       image: :class:`NodeImage`
+        :param      node_image: image which should be used
+        :type       node_image: :class:`NodeImage`
 
         :rtype: ``bool``
         """
+        image = node_image
         resp = self.connection.request("/images/{}".format(image.id), method="DELETE")
         return resp.status == httplib.NO_CONTENT
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/outscale.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/outscale.py
index 1fd5a57457..1ba121eaff 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/outscale.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/outscale.py
@@ -314,8 +314,11 @@ def ex_detach_public_ip(
 
     def create_node(
         self,
+        name: str,
+        size,
         image: NodeImage,
-        name: str = None,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_dry_run: bool = False,
         ex_block_device_mapping: dict = None,
         ex_boot_on_creation: bool = True,
@@ -833,10 +836,10 @@ def ex_update_node(
 
     def create_image(
         self,
+        node,
+        name,
+        description=None,
         ex_architecture: str = None,
-        node: Node = None,
-        name: str = None,
-        description: str = None,
         ex_block_device_mapping: dict = None,
         ex_no_reboot: bool = False,
         ex_root_device_name: str = None,
@@ -991,6 +994,7 @@ def ex_create_image_export_task(
 
     def list_images(
         self,
+        location=None,
         account_aliases: List[str] = None,
         account_ids: List[str] = None,
         architectures: List[str] = None,
@@ -1383,13 +1387,14 @@ def delete_key_pair(self, key_pair: KeyPair):
 
     def create_volume_snapshot(
         self,
+        volume,
+        name=None,
         ex_description: str = None,
         ex_dry_run: bool = False,
         ex_file_location: str = None,
         ex_snapshot_size: int = None,
         ex_source_region_name: str = None,
         ex_source_snapshot: VolumeSnapshot = None,
-        volume: StorageVolume = None,
     ):
         """
         Create a new volume snapshot.
@@ -1675,11 +1680,13 @@ def ex_update_snapshot(
 
     def create_volume(
         self,
-        ex_subregion_name: str,
+        size,
+        name,
+        location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
+        ex_subregion_name: str = None,
         ex_dry_run: bool = False,
         ex_iops: int = None,
-        size: int = None,
-        snapshot: VolumeSnapshot = None,
         ex_volume_type: str = None,
     ):
         """
@@ -1697,8 +1704,13 @@ def create_volume(
                     the maximum allowed size for a volume is 14,901 GiB
         :type       size: ``int``
 
+        :param      location: The location whose ID identifies the Subregion
+                    in which to create the volume. Required when
+                    ``ex_subregion_name`` is not provided.
+        :type       location: :class:`NodeLocation`
+
         :param      ex_subregion_name: The Subregion in which you want to
-        create the volume.
+                    create the volume. Takes precedence over ``location``.
         :type       ex_subregion_name: ``str``
 
         :param      ex_volume_type: the type of volume you want to create (io1
@@ -1714,6 +1726,12 @@ def create_volume(
         :return: the created volume
         :rtype: ``dict``
         """
+        if ex_subregion_name is None:
+            if location is None:
+                raise ValueError("location or ex_subregion_name is required.")
+
+            ex_subregion_name = location.id
+
         data = {"DryRun": ex_dry_run, "SubregionName": ex_subregion_name}
         if ex_iops is not None:
             data.update({"Iops": ex_iops})
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ovh.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ovh.py
index edeff5812b..9bf73fc1cf 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/ovh.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/ovh.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def ex_get_node(self, node_id):
 
         return self._to_node(response.object)
 
-    def create_node(self, name, image, size, location, ex_keyname=None):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, ex_keyname=None):
         """
         Create a new node
 
@@ -265,7 +265,12 @@ def get_key_pair(self, name, ex_location=None):
 
         return keys[0]
 
-    def import_key_pair_from_string(self, name, key_material, ex_location):
+    def import_key_pair_from_string(
+        self,
+        name,
+        key_material,
+        ex_location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Import a new public key from string.
 
@@ -298,7 +303,7 @@ def create_volume(
         self,
         size,
         name,
-        location,
+        location=None,
         snapshot=None,
         ex_volume_type="classic",
         ex_description=None,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/rimuhosting.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/rimuhosting.py
index 60bce9f6f9..7808d63cf2 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/rimuhosting.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/rimuhosting.py
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
+        location=None,
         auth=None,
         ex_billing_oid=None,
         ex_host_server_oid=None,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/scaleway.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/scaleway.py
index 753c20e144..7a9154ac4e 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/scaleway.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/scaleway.py
@@ -187,7 +187,11 @@ def list_locations(self):
             for location in SCALEWAY_LOCATION_DATA
         ]
 
-    def list_sizes(self, region=None):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        region=None,
+    ):
         """
         List available VM sizes.
 
@@ -246,7 +250,11 @@ def _to_size(self, name, size, availability):
             extra=extra,
         )
 
-    def list_images(self, region=None):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        region=None,
+    ):
         """
         List available VM images.
 
@@ -261,7 +269,13 @@ def list_images(self, region=None):
         images = response["images"]
         return [self._to_image(image) for image in images]
 
-    def create_image(self, node, name, region=None):
+    def create_image(
+        self,
+        node,
+        name,
+        description=None,
+        region=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a VM image from an existing node's root volume.
 
@@ -372,7 +386,17 @@ def _to_node(self, server):
             created_at=parse_date(server["creation_date"]),
         )
 
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, ex_volumes=None, ex_tags=None, region=None):
+    def create_node(
+        self,
+        name,
+        size,
+        image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
+        ex_volumes=None,
+        ex_tags=None,
+        region=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a new node.
 
@@ -544,7 +568,14 @@ def _to_snapshot(self, snapshot):
             extra=extra,
         )
 
-    def create_volume(self, size, name, region=None):
+    def create_volume(
+        self,
+        size,
+        name,
+        location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
+        region=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a new volume.
 
@@ -573,7 +604,12 @@ def create_volume(self, size, name, region=None):
         volume = response.object["volume"]
         return self._to_volume(volume)
 
-    def create_volume_snapshot(self, volume, name, region=None):
+    def create_volume_snapshot(
+        self,
+        volume,
+        name=None,
+        region=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create snapshot from volume.
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/upcloud.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/upcloud.py
index 86ba8665df..4419d9cea0 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/upcloud.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/upcloud.py
@@ -173,7 +173,10 @@ def list_sizes(self, location=None):
             location,
         )
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         List available distributions.
 
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
-        location,
+        location=None,
         auth=None,
         ex_hostname="localhost",
         ex_username="root",
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcl.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcl.py
index 299cf5ffd0..533733f75a 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcl.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcl.py
@@ -99,7 +99,16 @@ def _vcl_request(self, method, *args):
             raise LibcloudError(res["errormsg"], driver=self)
         return res
 
-    def create_node(self, image, start=None, length="60"):
+    def create_node(
+        self,
+        name,
+        size,
+        image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
+        start=None,
+        length="60",
+    ):
         """Create a new VCL reservation
         size and name ignored, image is the id from list_image
 
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcloud.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcloud.py
index fc3b21cd2c..658701535e 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcloud.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vcloud.py
@@ -871,6 +871,7 @@ def create_node(
         name,
         size,
         image,
+        location=None,
         auth=None,
         ex_network=None,
         ex_vdc=None,
@@ -1605,7 +1606,7 @@ def ex_query(self, type, filter=None, page=1, page_size=100, sort_asc=None, sort
 
         return results
 
-    def create_node(self, **kwargs):
+    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location=None, auth=None, **kwargs):
         """
         Creates and returns node. If the source image is:
           - vApp template - a new vApp is instantiated from template
@@ -1691,8 +1692,6 @@ def create_node(self, **kwargs):
         :keyword    ex_description: Set a description for the vApp.
         :type       ex_description: ``str``
         """
-        name = kwargs["name"]
-        image = kwargs["image"]
         ex_vm_names = kwargs.get("ex_vm_names")
         ex_vm_cpu = kwargs.get("ex_vm_cpu")
         ex_vm_memory = kwargs.get("ex_vm_memory")
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vpsnet.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vpsnet.py
index f92dfbecf2..1531ecae1a 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vpsnet.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vpsnet.py
@@ -131,7 +131,16 @@ def _get_price_per_node(self, num):
         single_node_price = self._get_size_price(size_id="1")
         return num * single_node_price
 
-    def create_node(self, name, image, size, ex_backups_enabled=False, ex_fqdn=None):
+    def create_node(
+        self,
+        name,
+        size,
+        image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
+        ex_backups_enabled=False,
+        ex_fqdn=None,
+    ):
         """Create a new VPS.net node
 
         @inherits: :class:`NodeDriver.create_node`
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vsphere.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vsphere.py
index 185cc6db76..728c336655 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vsphere.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vsphere.py
@@ -256,7 +256,10 @@ def _to_network(self, data):
 
         return VSphereNetwork(id=data.name, name=data.name, extra=extra)
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """
         Returns sizes
         """
@@ -978,9 +981,10 @@ def wait_for_task(self, task, timeout=1800, interval=10):
     def create_node(
         self,
         name,
-        image,
         size,
+        image,
         location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_cluster=None,
         ex_network=None,
         ex_datacenter=None,
@@ -1351,7 +1355,10 @@ def _get_session_token(self):
         self.session_token = result.object["value"]
         self.connection.session_token = self.session_token
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         return []
 
     def list_nodes(
@@ -1914,7 +1921,10 @@ def _request(self, req, method="GET", params=None, data=None):
 
         return result
 
-    def list_images(self, **kwargs):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         libraries = self.ex_list_content_libraries()
         item_ids = []
 
@@ -1972,9 +1982,10 @@ def ex_list_networks(self):
     def create_node(
         self,
         name,
+        size,
         image,
-        size=None,
         location=None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_datastore=None,
         ex_disks=None,
         ex_folder=None,
diff --git a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vultr.py b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vultr.py
index abdf8b99ea..e429391cb8 100644
--- a/libcloud/compute/drivers/vultr.py
+++ b/libcloud/compute/drivers/vultr.py
@@ -844,14 +844,29 @@ def delete_key_pair(self, key_pair):
     def list_locations(self):
         return self._list_resources("/v1/regions/list", self._to_location)
 
-    def list_sizes(self):
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         return self._list_resources("/v1/plans/list", self._to_size)
 
-    def list_images(self):
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         return self._list_resources("/v1/os/list", self._to_image)
 
     # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
-    def create_node(self, name, size, image, location, ex_ssh_key_ids=None, ex_create_attr=None):
+    def create_node(
+        self,
+        name,
+        size,
+        image,
+        location=None,
+        auth=None,
+        ex_ssh_key_ids=None,
+        ex_create_attr=None,
+    ):
         """
         Create a node
 
@@ -1133,8 +1148,9 @@ def create_node(
         self,
         name: str,
         size: NodeSize,
-        location: NodeLocation,
-        image: Optional[NodeImage] = None,
+        image: NodeImage,
+        location: Optional[NodeLocation] = None,
+        auth=None,
         ex_ssh_key_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
         ex_private_network_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
         ex_snapshot: Union[VultrNodeSnapshot, str, None] = None,
@@ -1360,7 +1376,11 @@ def destroy_node(self, node: Node) -> bool:
 
         return resp.success()
 
-    def list_sizes(self, ex_list_bare_metals: bool = True) -> List[NodeSize]:
+    def list_sizes(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        ex_list_bare_metals: bool = True,
+    ):
         """List available node sizes.
 
         :keyword ex_list_bare_metals: Whether to fetch bare metal sizes.
@@ -1375,7 +1395,10 @@ def list_sizes(self, ex_list_bare_metals: bool = True) -> List[NodeSize]:
             sizes += self.ex_list_bare_metal_sizes()
         return sizes
 
-    def list_images(self) -> List[NodeImage]:
+    def list_images(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+    ):
         """List available node images.
 
         :rtype: ``list`` of :class: `NodeImage`
@@ -1401,10 +1424,11 @@ def list_volumes(self) -> List[StorageVolume]:
 
     def create_volume(
         self,
-        size: int,
-        name: str,
-        location: Union[NodeLocation, str],
-    ) -> StorageVolume:
+        size,
+        name,
+        location=None,
+        snapshot=None,
+    ):
         """Create a new volume.
 
         :param size: Size of the volume in gigabytes.\
@@ -1435,10 +1459,11 @@ def create_volume(
 
     def attach_volume(
         self,
-        node: Node,
-        volume: StorageVolume,
+        node,
+        volume,
+        device=None,
         ex_live: bool = True,
-    ) -> bool:
+    ):
         """Attaches volume to node.
 
         :param node: Node to attach volume to.
@@ -1507,14 +1532,18 @@ def list_key_pairs(self) -> List[KeyPair]:
         data = self._paginated_request("/v2/ssh-keys", "ssh_keys")
         return [self._to_key_pair(item) for item in data]
 
-    def get_key_pair(self, key_id: str) -> KeyPair:
+    def get_key_pair(
+        self,
+        name,
+    ):
         """Retrieve a single key pair.
 
-        :param key_id: ID of the key pair to retrieve.
-        :type  key_id: ``str``
+        :param name: ID of the key pair to retrieve.
+        :type  name: ``str``
 
         :rtype: :class: `KeyPair`
         """
+        key_id = name
         resp = self.connection.request("/v2/ssh-keys/%s" % key_id)
         return self._to_key_pair(resp.object["ssh_key"])
 
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_abiquo.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_abiquo.py
index f15aa0cfd4..7117403c3a 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_abiquo.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_abiquo.py
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def test_create_node_specify_location(self):
         """
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
-        self.driver.create_node(image=image, location=location)
+        self.driver.create_node(name=None, size=None, image=image, location=location)
 
     def test_create_node_specify_wrong_location(self):
         """
@@ -115,7 +115,14 @@ def test_create_node_specify_wrong_location(self):
         """
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         location = NodeLocation(435, "fake-location", "Spain", self.driver)
-        self.assertRaises(LibcloudError, self.driver.create_node, image=image, location=location)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            LibcloudError,
+            self.driver.create_node,
+            name=None,
+            size=None,
+            image=image,
+            location=location,
+        )
 
     def test_create_node_specify_wrong_image(self):
         """
@@ -128,14 +135,21 @@ def test_create_node_specify_wrong_image(self):
         image = NodeImage(3234, "dummy-image", self.driver)
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
         # With this image, it should raise an Exception
-        self.assertRaises(LibcloudError, self.driver.create_node, image=image, location=location)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            LibcloudError,
+            self.driver.create_node,
+            name=None,
+            size=None,
+            image=image,
+            location=location,
+        )
 
     def test_create_node_specify_group_name(self):
         """
         Test 'create_node' into a concrete group.
         """
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
-        self.driver.create_node(image=image, ex_group_name="new_group_name")
+        self.driver.create_node(name=None, size=None, image=image, ex_group_name="new_group_name")
 
     def test_create_group_location_does_not_exist(self):
         """
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_azure_arm.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_azure_arm.py
index cd0a255e5a..143ef1a2ca 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_azure_arm.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_azure_arm.py
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ def test_create_node(self):
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account="000000",
             ex_user_name="any_user",
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ def test_create_node_storage_account_not_provided_and_not_ex_use_managed_disks(
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account=None,
             ex_user_name="any_user",
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ def test_create_node_storage_account_not_provided_and_not_ex_use_managed_disks(
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account=None,
             ex_user_name="any_user",
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@ def test_create_node_ex_disk_size(self):
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account="000000",
             ex_user_name="any_user",
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ def test_create_node_ex_customdata(self):
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account="000000",
             ex_user_name="any_user",
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ def test_create_node_ex_customdata(self):
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account="000000",
             ex_user_name="any_user",
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ def test_create_node_ex_os_disk_delete(self):
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account="000000",
             ex_user_name="any_user",
@@ -340,8 +340,8 @@ def test_create_node_compute_gallery_image(self):
             "test-node-1",
             size,
             image,
-            auth,
             location=location,
+            auth=auth,
             ex_resource_group="000000",
             ex_storage_account="000000",
             ex_user_name="any_user",
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_3.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_3.py
index 9ecfdd1ee7..56edbefbe4 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_3.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_3.py
@@ -291,6 +291,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_optional_param(self):
         )
         disks = [DimensionDataServerDisk(scsi_id="0", speed="HIGHPERFORMANCE")]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -310,6 +311,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_random_gen(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -325,6 +327,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_windows(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[1]
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -340,6 +343,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_windows_STR(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[1].id
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -355,6 +359,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_linux(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[0]
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -370,6 +375,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_linux_STR(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[0].id
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -386,6 +392,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_STR(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0].id
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0].id
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -406,6 +413,7 @@ def test_create_node_response_network_domain(self):
             cpu_count=4, cores_per_socket=1, performance="HIGHPERFORMANCE"
         )
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -429,6 +437,7 @@ def test_create_node_response_network_domain_STR(self):
             cpu_count=4, cores_per_socket=1, performance="HIGHPERFORMANCE"
         )
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -447,6 +456,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_no_network(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidRequestError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -459,6 +469,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp1_ipv4(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -474,6 +485,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp1_network(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -488,6 +500,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_vlan(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -503,6 +516,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_ipv4(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -519,6 +533,7 @@ def test_create_node_network_domain_no_vlan_or_ipv4(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -531,6 +546,7 @@ def test_create_node_response(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -544,6 +560,7 @@ def test_create_node_ms_time_zone(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -559,6 +576,7 @@ def test_create_node_ambigious_mcps_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test3",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -572,7 +590,7 @@ def test_create_node_no_network_domain_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
-                name="test3", image=image, auth=rootPw, ex_primary_nic_vlan="fakevlan"
+                size=None, name="test3", image=image, auth=rootPw, ex_primary_nic_vlan="fakevlan"
             )
 
     def test_create_node_no_primary_nic_fail(self):
@@ -580,6 +598,7 @@ def test_create_node_no_primary_nic_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test3",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -590,6 +609,7 @@ def test_create_node_primary_vlan_nic(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -604,6 +624,7 @@ def test_create_node_primary_ipv4(self):
         rootPw = "pass123"
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -618,6 +639,7 @@ def test_create_node_both_primary_nic_and_vlan_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test3",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -633,6 +655,7 @@ def test_create_node_cpu_specification(self):
             cpu_count="4", cores_per_socket="2", performance="STANDARD"
         )
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -650,6 +673,7 @@ def test_create_node_memory(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
 
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -667,6 +691,7 @@ def test_create_node_disks(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         disks = [DimensionDataServerDisk(scsi_id="0", speed="HIGHPERFORMANCE")]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -685,6 +710,7 @@ def test_create_node_disks_fail(self):
         disks = "blah"
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -699,6 +725,7 @@ def test_create_node_ipv4_gateway(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -716,6 +743,7 @@ def test_create_node_network_domain_no_vlan_no_ipv4_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -730,6 +758,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_additional_nics_legacy(self):
         additional_vlans = ["fakevlan1", "fakevlan2"]
         additional_ipv4 = ["10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.3"]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -748,6 +777,7 @@ def test_create_node_bad_additional_nics_ipv4(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -766,6 +796,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics(self):
         additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
 
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -791,6 +822,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_vlan_ipv4_coexist_fail(self):
         additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -807,6 +839,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_invalid_input_fail(self):
         additional_nics = "blah"
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -825,6 +858,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_vlan_ipv4_not_exist_fail(self):
         additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -840,6 +874,7 @@ def test_create_node_bad_additional_nics_vlan(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -854,6 +889,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_indicate_dns(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_4.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_4.py
index b6e2c7f088..0462420da4 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_4.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_dimensiondata_v2_4.py
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_optional_param(self):
         )
         disks = [DimensionDataServerDisk(scsi_id="0", speed="HIGHPERFORMANCE")]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -313,6 +314,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_random_gen(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -328,6 +330,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_windows(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[1]
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -343,6 +346,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_windows_STR(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[1].id
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -358,6 +362,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_linux(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[0]
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -373,6 +378,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_linux_STR(self):
         image = self.driver.ex_list_customer_images()[0].id
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=None,
@@ -389,6 +395,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_STR(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0].id
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0].id
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -409,6 +416,7 @@ def test_create_node_response_network_domain(self):
             cpu_count=4, cores_per_socket=1, performance="HIGHPERFORMANCE"
         )
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -432,6 +440,7 @@ def test_create_node_response_network_domain_STR(self):
             cpu_count=4, cores_per_socket=1, performance="HIGHPERFORMANCE"
         )
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -450,6 +459,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_no_network(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidRequestError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -462,6 +472,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp1_ipv4(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -477,6 +488,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp1_network(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -491,6 +503,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_vlan(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -506,6 +519,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_ipv4(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -522,6 +536,7 @@ def test_create_node_network_domain_no_vlan_or_ipv4(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -534,6 +549,7 @@ def test_create_node_response(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -547,6 +563,7 @@ def test_create_node_ms_time_zone(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -562,6 +579,7 @@ def test_create_node_ambigious_mcps_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test3",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -575,7 +593,7 @@ def test_create_node_no_network_domain_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
-                name="test3", image=image, auth=rootPw, ex_primary_nic_vlan="fakevlan"
+                size=None, name="test3", image=image, auth=rootPw, ex_primary_nic_vlan="fakevlan"
             )
 
     def test_create_node_no_primary_nic_fail(self):
@@ -583,6 +601,7 @@ def test_create_node_no_primary_nic_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test3",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -593,6 +612,7 @@ def test_create_node_primary_vlan_nic(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -607,6 +627,7 @@ def test_create_node_primary_ipv4(self):
         rootPw = "pass123"
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -621,6 +642,7 @@ def test_create_node_both_primary_nic_and_vlan_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test3",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -636,6 +658,7 @@ def test_create_node_cpu_specification(self):
             cpu_count="4", cores_per_socket="2", performance="STANDARD"
         )
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -653,6 +676,7 @@ def test_create_node_memory(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
 
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -670,6 +694,7 @@ def test_create_node_disks(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         disks = [DimensionDataServerDisk(scsi_id="0", speed="HIGHPERFORMANCE")]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -688,6 +713,7 @@ def test_create_node_disks_fail(self):
         disks = "blah"
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -702,6 +728,7 @@ def test_create_node_ipv4_gateway(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -719,6 +746,7 @@ def test_create_node_network_domain_no_vlan_no_ipv4_fail(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -733,6 +761,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_additional_nics_legacy(self):
         additional_vlans = ["fakevlan1", "fakevlan2"]
         additional_ipv4 = ["10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.3"]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -751,6 +780,7 @@ def test_create_node_bad_additional_nics_ipv4(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -769,6 +799,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics(self):
         additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
 
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -794,6 +825,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_vlan_ipv4_coexist_fail(self):
         additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -810,6 +842,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_invalid_input_fail(self):
         additional_nics = "blah"
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -828,6 +861,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_vlan_ipv4_not_exist_fail(self):
         additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=root_pw,
@@ -843,6 +877,7 @@ def test_create_node_bad_additional_nics_vlan(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             self.driver.create_node(
+                size=None,
                 name="test2",
                 image=image,
                 auth=rootPw,
@@ -857,6 +892,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_indicate_dns(self):
         rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_ec2.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_ec2.py
index cc83bd1395..b01ef2e098 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_ec2.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_ec2.py
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ def test_get_image(self):
     def test_copy_image(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         resp = self.driver.copy_image(
-            image, "us-east-1", name="Faux Image", description="Test Image Copy"
+            "us-east-1", image, name="Faux Image", description="Test Image Copy"
         )
         self.assertEqual(resp.id, "ami-4db38224")
 
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_equinixmetal.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_equinixmetal.py
index 14b896654b..ec73014efc 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_equinixmetal.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_equinixmetal.py
@@ -150,6 +150,10 @@ def test_create_key_pair(self):
         )
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(key, KeyPair))
 
+    def test_create_key_pair_requires_public_key(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "public_key is required"):
+            self.driver.create_key_pair(name="sshkey-name")
+
     def test_delete_key_pair(self):
         key = self.driver.list_key_pairs()[0]
         self.driver.delete_key_pair(key)
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_gce.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_gce.py
index 75161a0ef8..f64fe8ad61 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_gce.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_gce.py
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ def test_list_images(self):
         local_images = self.driver.list_images()
         all_deprecated_images = self.driver.list_images(ex_include_deprecated=True)
         debian_images = self.driver.list_images(ex_project="debian-cloud")
-        local_plus_deb = self.driver.list_images(["debian-cloud", "project_name"])
+        local_plus_deb = self.driver.list_images(ex_project=["debian-cloud", "project_name"])
         self.assertEqual(len(local_images), 52)
         self.assertEqual(len(all_deprecated_images), 180)
         self.assertEqual(len(debian_images), 2)
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_gig_g8.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_gig_g8.py
index 386e4d7673..bd77c6737a 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_gig_g8.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_gig_g8.py
@@ -85,7 +85,9 @@ def test_create_node(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         size = self.driver.list_sizes()[0]
         network = self.driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
-        node = self.driver.create_node("my test", image, network, "my description", size)
+        node = self.driver.create_node(
+            "my test", size, image, ex_network=network, ex_description="my description"
+        )
         self.assertIsInstance(node, Node)
 
     def test_stop_node(self):
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_linode_v4.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_linode_v4.py
index 2bae27938a..05bdab9e4e 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_linode_v4.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_linode_v4.py
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ def test_create_node_response(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
         node = self.driver.create_node(
-            location,
             "node-name",
             size=size,
             image=image,
+            location=location,
             root_pass="test123456",
         )
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(node, Node))
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ def test_create_node_with_ex_userdata(self):
         LinodeMockHttpV4.type = "EX_USERDATA"
 
         node = self.driver.create_node(
-            location,
             "node-name",
             size=size,
             image=image,
+            location=location,
             root_pass="test123456",
             ex_userdata=EX_USERDATA,
         )
@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ def test_create_node(self):
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
 
         node = self.driver.create_node(
-            location,
             "TestNode",
             size,
             image=image,
+            location=location,
             root_pass="test123456",
             ex_backups_enabled=True,
             ex_tags=["testing123"],
@@ -176,13 +176,15 @@ def test_create_node_no_root_pass(self):
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
 
         with self.assertRaises(LinodeExceptionV4):
-            self.driver.create_node(location, "TestNode", size, image=image)
+            self.driver.create_node("TestNode", size, image=image, location=location)
 
     def test_create_node_no_image(self):
         size = self.driver.list_sizes()[0]
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
         LinodeMockHttpV4.type = "NO_IMAGE"
-        node = self.driver.create_node(location, "TestNode", size, None, ex_tags=["testing123"])
+        node = self.driver.create_node(
+            "TestNode", size, None, location=location, ex_tags=["testing123"]
+        )
 
         self.assertIsNone(node.image)
         self.assertEqual(node.name, "TestNode")
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ def test_list_volumes(self):
 
     def test_create_volume(self):
         node = Node("22344420", None, NodeState.RUNNING, None, None, driver=self.driver)
-        volume = self.driver.create_volume("Volume1", 50, node=node, tags=["test123", "testing"])
+        volume = self.driver.create_volume(50, "Volume1", node=node, tags=["test123", "testing"])
 
         self.assertEqual(volume.extra["linode_id"], 22344420)
         self.assertEqual(volume.size, 50)
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ def test_create_volume_unattached(self):
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
         LinodeMockHttpV4.type = "UNATTACHED"
         volume = self.driver.create_volume(
-            "Volume1", 50, location=location, tags=["test123", "testing"]
+            50, "Volume1", location=location, tags=["test123", "testing"]
         )
 
         self.assertEqual(volume.size, 50)
@@ -342,11 +344,11 @@ def test_create_volume_unattached(self):
     def test_create_volume_invalid_name(self):
         location = self.driver.list_locations()[0]
         with self.assertRaises(LinodeExceptionV4):
-            self.driver.create_volume("Volume__1", 50, location=location)
+            self.driver.create_volume(50, "Volume__1", location=location)
         with self.assertRaises(LinodeExceptionV4):
-            self.driver.create_volume("Volume 1", 50, location=location)
+            self.driver.create_volume(50, "Volume 1", location=location)
         with self.assertRaises(LinodeExceptionV4):
-            self.driver.create_volume("Volume--1", 50, location=location)
+            self.driver.create_volume(50, "Volume--1", location=location)
 
     def test_attach_volume_already_attached(self):
         volume = self.driver.list_volumes()[0]
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_maxihost.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_maxihost.py
index 81f9935293..ff2d722670 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_maxihost.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_maxihost.py
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ def test_list_key_pairs(self):
         self.assertEqual(key.name, "test_key")
         self.assertEqual(key.fingerprint, "77:08:a7:a5:f9:8c:e1:ab:7b:c3:d8:0c:cd:ac:8b:dd")
 
+    def test_create_key_pair_requires_public_key(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "public_key is required"):
+            self.driver.create_key_pair(name="test-key")
+
     def test_list_nodes(self):
         nodes = self.driver.list_nodes()
         self.assertEqual(len(nodes), 1)
@@ -64,6 +68,13 @@ def test_create_node_response(self):
         node = self.driver.create_node(name="node-name", image=image, size=size, location=location)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(node, Node))
 
+    def test_create_node_requires_location(self):
+        size = self.driver.list_sizes()[0]
+        image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "location is required"):
+            self.driver.create_node(name="node-name", image=image, size=size)
+
     def test_destroy_node_response(self):
         node = self.driver.list_nodes()[0]
         ret = self.driver.destroy_node(node)
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_nttcis.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_nttcis.py
index af7975f347..f1788a0d8d 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_nttcis.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_nttcis.py
@@ -315,6 +315,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_optional_param(driver):
     )
     disks = [NttCisServerDisk(scsi_id="0", speed="HIGHPERFORMANCE")]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=root_pw,
@@ -335,6 +336,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_random_gen(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     network = driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=None,
@@ -351,6 +353,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_windows(driver):
     image = driver.ex_list_customer_images()[1]
     network = driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=None,
@@ -367,6 +370,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_windows_STR(driver):
     image = driver.ex_list_customer_images()[1].id
     network = driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=None,
@@ -383,6 +387,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_linux(driver):
     image = driver.ex_list_customer_images()[0]
     network = driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=None,
@@ -399,6 +404,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_no_pass_customer_linux_STR(driver):
     image = driver.ex_list_customer_images()[0].id
     network = driver.ex_list_networks()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=None,
@@ -416,6 +422,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_response_STR(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0].id
     network = driver.ex_list_networks()[0].id
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -432,6 +439,7 @@ def test_create_mcp1_node_no_network(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(InvalidRequestError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -445,6 +453,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp1_ipv4(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -461,6 +470,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp1_network(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -482,6 +492,7 @@ def test_create_node_response_network_domain(driver):
         cpu_count=4, cores_per_socket=1, performance="HIGHPERFORMANCE"
     )
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -506,6 +517,7 @@ def test_create_node_response_network_domain_STR(driver):
         cpu_count=4, cores_per_socket=1, performance="HIGHPERFORMANCE"
     )
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -524,6 +536,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_vlan(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -540,6 +553,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_ipv4(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -557,6 +571,7 @@ def test_create_node_network_domain_no_vlan_or_ipv4(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -570,6 +585,7 @@ def test_create_node_response(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test3",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -584,6 +600,7 @@ def test_create_node_ms_time_zone(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test3",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -600,6 +617,7 @@ def test_create_node_ambigious_mcps_fail(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -613,7 +631,9 @@ def test_create_node_no_network_domain_fail(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        driver.create_node(name="test3", image=image, auth=rootPw, ex_primary_nic_vlan="fakevlan")
+        driver.create_node(
+            size=None, name="test3", image=image, auth=rootPw, ex_primary_nic_vlan="fakevlan"
+        )
 
 
 def test_create_node_no_primary_nic_fail(driver):
@@ -621,6 +641,7 @@ def test_create_node_no_primary_nic_fail(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -632,6 +653,7 @@ def test_create_node_primary_vlan_nic(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test3",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -647,6 +669,7 @@ def test_create_node_primary_ipv4(driver):
     rootPw = "pass123"
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test3",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -662,6 +685,7 @@ def test_create_node_both_primary_nic_and_vlan_fail(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test3",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -678,6 +702,7 @@ def test_create_node_cpu_specification(driver):
         cpu_count="4", cores_per_socket="2", performance="STANDARD"
     )
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -696,6 +721,7 @@ def test_create_node_memory(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
 
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -714,6 +740,7 @@ def test_create_node_disks(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     disks = [NttCisServerDisk(scsi_id="0", speed="HIGHPERFORMANCE")]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -733,6 +760,7 @@ def test_create_node_disks_fail(driver):
     disks = "blah"
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -748,6 +776,7 @@ def test_create_node_ipv4_gateway(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -766,6 +795,7 @@ def test_create_node_network_domain_no_vlan_no_ipv4_fail(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -781,6 +811,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_additional_nics_legacy(driver):
     additional_vlans = ["fakevlan1", "fakevlan2"]
     additional_ipv4 = ["10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.3"]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
@@ -800,6 +831,7 @@ def test_create_node_bad_additional_nics_ipv4(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -819,6 +851,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics(driver):
     additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
 
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=root_pw,
@@ -841,6 +874,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_vlan_ipv4_coexist_fail(driver):
     additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -858,6 +892,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_invalid_input_fail(driver):
     additional_nics = "blah"
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -877,6 +912,7 @@ def test_create_node_additional_nics_vlan_ipv4_not_exist_fail(driver):
     additional_nics = [nic1, nic2]
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=root_pw,
@@ -893,6 +929,7 @@ def test_create_node_bad_additional_nics_vlan(driver):
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         driver.create_node(
+            size=None,
             name="test2",
             image=image,
             auth=rootPw,
@@ -908,6 +945,7 @@ def test_create_node_mcp2_indicate_dns(driver):
     rootPw = NodeAuthPassword("pass123")
     image = driver.list_images()[0]
     node = driver.create_node(
+        size=None,
         name="test2",
         image=image,
         auth=rootPw,
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_onapp.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_onapp.py
index 27d463406e..e97f0716f1 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_onapp.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_onapp.py
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ def setUp(self):
     def test_create_node(self):
         node = self.driver.create_node(
             name="onapp-new-fred",
+            size=None,
+            image=None,
             ex_memory=512,
             ex_cpus=4,
             ex_cpu_shares=4,
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_openstack.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_openstack.py
index 0b33b6c5df..933886fcbc 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_openstack.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_openstack.py
@@ -1226,6 +1226,7 @@ def test_create_node_from_bootable_volume(self):
         size = NodeSize(1, "256 slice", None, None, None, None, driver=self.driver)
 
         node = self.driver.create_node(
+            image=None,
             name="racktest",
             size=size,
             ex_blockdevicemappings=[
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_outscale.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_outscale.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f1c8322f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_outscale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import json
+import inspect
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+from libcloud.compute.base import NodeDriver, NodeLocation
+from libcloud.compute.drivers.outscale import OutscaleNodeDriver
+
+
+class OutscaleNodeDriverTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    STANDARD_METHODS_UNDER_TEST = {
+        "attach_volume",
+        "create_image",
+        "create_key_pair",
+        "create_node",
+        "create_volume",
+        "create_volume_snapshot",
+        "delete_image",
+        "delete_key_pair",
+        "destroy_node",
+        "destroy_volume",
+        "destroy_volume_snapshot",
+        "detach_volume",
+        "get_image",
+        "get_key_pair",
+        "list_images",
+        "list_key_pairs",
+        "list_locations",
+        "list_nodes",
+        "list_volume_snapshots",
+        "list_volumes",
+        "reboot_node",
+        "start_node",
+        "stop_node",
+    }
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.driver = OutscaleNodeDriver("key", "secret")
+        self._set_response({}, status_code=400)
+
+    def _set_response(self, payload, status_code=200):
+        response = Mock(status_code=400)
+        response.status_code = status_code
+        response.json.return_value = payload
+        self.driver._call_api = Mock(return_value=response)
+
+    def test_all_standard_methods_are_covered(self):
+        standard_methods = {
+            name
+            for name, method in NodeDriver.__dict__.items()
+            if inspect.isfunction(method) and not name.startswith("_")
+        }
+        implemented_methods = {
+            name
+            for name, method in OutscaleNodeDriver.__dict__.items()
+            if inspect.isfunction(method) and name in standard_methods
+        }
+
+        self.assertEqual(implemented_methods, self.STANDARD_METHODS_UNDER_TEST)
+
+    def test_list_locations(self):
+        expected = [Mock()]
+        self.driver._to_locations = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Locations": [{"Code": "eu-west-2a"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.list_locations()
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        self.driver._to_locations.assert_called_once_with([{"Code": "eu-west-2a"}])
+        self.driver._call_api.assert_called_once_with("ReadLocations", '{"DryRun": false}')
+
+    def test_create_node(self):
+        image = Mock(id="ami-1")
+        expected = Mock()
+        self.driver._to_node = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Vms": [{"VmId": "vm-1"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.create_node(name=None, size=None, image=image)
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "CreateVms")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["ImageId"], image.id)
+
+    def test_node_power_operations(self):
+        node = Mock(id="vm-1")
+        operations = {
+            "reboot_node": "RebootVms",
+            "start_node": "StartVms",
+            "stop_node": "StopVms",
+        }
+
+        for method_name, action in operations.items():
+            with self.subTest(method=method_name):
+                self._set_response({})
+                result = getattr(self.driver, method_name)(node)
+
+                self.assertTrue(result)
+                actual_action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+                self.assertEqual(actual_action, action)
+                self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["VmIds"], [node.id])
+
+    def test_list_nodes(self):
+        expected = [Mock()]
+        self.driver._to_nodes = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Vms": [{"VmId": "vm-1"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.list_nodes()
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        self.driver._to_nodes.assert_called_once_with([{"VmId": "vm-1"}])
+        self.driver._call_api.assert_called_once_with("ReadVms", "{}")
+
+    def test_destroy_node(self):
+        node = Mock(id="vm-1")
+        self._set_response({})
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.driver.destroy_node(node))
+
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "DeleteVms")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["VmIds"], node.id)
+
+    def test_create_image(self):
+        node = Mock(id="vm-1")
+        expected = Mock()
+        self.driver._to_node_image = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Image": {"ImageId": "ami-1"}})
+
+        result = self.driver.create_image(node, "image-name", "description")
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "CreateImage")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["VmId"], node.id)
+
+    def test_list_images(self):
+        images = [{"ImageId": "ami-1"}]
+        self._set_response({"Images": images})
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.driver.list_images(), images)
+        self.assertEqual(self.driver._call_api.call_args.args[0], "ReadImages")
+
+    def test_get_image(self):
+        expected = Mock()
+        self.driver._to_node_image = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Images": [{"ImageId": "ami-1"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.get_image("ami-1")
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        self.driver._to_node_image.assert_called_once_with({"ImageId": "ami-1"})
+
+    def test_delete_image(self):
+        image = Mock(id="ami-1")
+        self._set_response({})
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.driver.delete_image(image))
+
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "DeleteImage")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["ImageId"], image.id)
+
+    def test_create_key_pair(self):
+        expected = Mock()
+        self.driver._to_key_pair = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Keypair": {"KeypairName": "key-name"}})
+
+        result = self.driver.create_key_pair("key-name")
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        self.driver._to_key_pair.assert_called_once_with({"KeypairName": "key-name"})
+
+    def test_list_key_pairs(self):
+        expected = [Mock()]
+        self.driver._to_key_pairs = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Keypairs": [{"KeypairName": "key-name"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.list_key_pairs()
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        self.driver._to_key_pairs.assert_called_once_with([{"KeypairName": "key-name"}])
+
+    def test_get_key_pair(self):
+        expected = Mock()
+        self.driver._to_key_pair = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Keypairs": [{"KeypairName": "key-name"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.get_key_pair("key-name")
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        self.driver._to_key_pair.assert_called_once_with({"KeypairName": "key-name"})
+
+    def test_delete_key_pair(self):
+        key_pair = Mock(name="key-name")
+        key_pair.name = "key-name"
+        self._set_response({})
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.driver.delete_key_pair(key_pair))
+
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "DeleteKeypair")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["KeypairName"], key_pair.name)
+
+    def test_create_volume_snapshot(self):
+        volume = Mock(id="vol-1")
+        expected = Mock()
+        self.driver._to_snapshot = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Volume": {"SnapshotId": "snap-1"}})
+
+        result = self.driver.create_volume_snapshot(volume, name="snapshot")
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "CreateSnapshot")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["VolumeId"], volume.id)
+
+    def test_list_volume_snapshots(self):
+        volume = Mock(id="vol-1")
+        expected = [Mock()]
+        self.driver._to_snapshots = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Snapshots": [{"SnapshotId": "snap-1"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.list_volume_snapshots(volume)
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "ReadSnapshots")
+        self.assertEqual(data["Filters"]["VolumeIds"], [volume.id])
+
+    def test_destroy_volume_snapshot(self):
+        snapshot = Mock(id="snap-1")
+        self._set_response({})
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.driver.destroy_volume_snapshot(snapshot))
+
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "DeleteSnapshot")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["SnapshotId"], snapshot.id)
+
+    def test_create_volume_uses_location_as_subregion(self):
+        location = NodeLocation(
+            id="eu-west-2a",
+            name="eu-west-2a, France",
+            country="France",
+            driver=self.driver,
+        )
+        expected = Mock()
+        self.driver._to_volume = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Volume": {"VolumeId": "vol-1"}})
+
+        result = self.driver.create_volume(size=10, name="volume", location=location)
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        _, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["SubregionName"], location.id)
+
+    def test_create_volume_prefers_explicit_subregion(self):
+        location = NodeLocation(
+            id="eu-west-2a",
+            name="eu-west-2a, France",
+            country="France",
+            driver=self.driver,
+        )
+
+        self.driver.create_volume(
+            size=10,
+            name="volume",
+            location=location,
+            ex_subregion_name="eu-west-2b",
+        )
+
+        _, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["SubregionName"], "eu-west-2b")
+
+    def test_create_volume_requires_location_or_subregion(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "location or ex_subregion_name is required"):
+            self.driver.create_volume(size=10, name="volume")
+
+        self.driver._call_api.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_list_volumes(self):
+        expected = [Mock()]
+        self.driver._to_volumes = Mock(return_value=expected)
+        self._set_response({"Volumes": [{"VolumeId": "vol-1"}]})
+
+        result = self.driver.list_volumes()
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected)
+        self.driver._to_volumes.assert_called_once_with([{"VolumeId": "vol-1"}])
+
+    def test_destroy_volume(self):
+        volume = Mock(id="vol-1")
+        self._set_response({})
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.driver.destroy_volume(volume))
+
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "DeleteVolume")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["VolumeId"], volume.id)
+
+    def test_attach_volume(self):
+        node = Mock(id="vm-1")
+        volume = Mock(id="vol-1")
+        self._set_response({})
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.driver.attach_volume(node, volume, device="/dev/sdb"))
+
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "LinkVolume")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            json.loads(data),
+            {
+                "VmId": node.id,
+                "VolumeId": volume.id,
+                "DeviceName": "/dev/sdb",
+            },
+        )
+
+    def test_detach_volume(self):
+        volume = Mock(id="vol-1")
+        self._set_response({})
+
+        self.assertTrue(self.driver.detach_volume(volume, ex_force_unlink=True))
+
+        action, data = self.driver._call_api.call_args.args
+        self.assertEqual(action, "UnlinkVolume")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(data)["VolumeId"], volume.id)
+        self.assertTrue(json.loads(data)["ForceUnlink"])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcl.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcl.py
index 76ff107455..ce3fc8fb80 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcl.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcl.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def test_list_sizes(self):
 
     def test_create_node(self):
         image = self.driver.list_images()[0]
-        node = self.driver.create_node(image=image)
+        node = self.driver.create_node(name=None, size=None, image=image)
         self.assertEqual(node.id, "51")
 
     def test_destroy_node(self):
diff --git a/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcloud.py b/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcloud.py
index 34af005845..86754a5323 100644
--- a/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcloud.py
+++ b/libcloud/test/compute/test_vcloud.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def test_create_node(self):
 
     def test_create_node_clone(self):
         image = self.driver.list_nodes()[0]
-        node = self.driver.create_node(name="testNode", image=image)
+        node = self.driver.create_node(size=None, name="testNode", image=image)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(node, Node))
         self.assertEqual(
             "https://vm-vcloud/api/vApp/vapp-8c57a5b6-e61b-48ca-8a78-3b70ee65ef6a",