diff --git a/.github/workflows/cpp.yml b/.github/workflows/cpp.yml
index fa37513bd736..402398a4d001 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cpp.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cpp.yml
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
           - architecture: AMD64
             macos-version: "15-intel"
           - architecture: ARM64
-            macos-version: "14"
+            macos-version: "26"
     env:
       ARROW_AZURE: ON
       ARROW_BUILD_TESTS: ON
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml b/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
index 0ec42d69ea0e..7755818f9e48 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml
@@ -272,8 +272,8 @@ jobs:
     needs: check-enabled
     if: needs.check-enabled.outputs.is_enabled == 'true'
     name: JNI macOS
-    runs-on: macos-14
-    timeout-minutes: 45
+    runs-on: macos-26
+    timeout-minutes: 60
     env:
       MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "14.0"
     steps:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/matlab.yml b/.github/workflows/matlab.yml
index c76581c872b6..33c5c3a5b06f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/matlab.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/matlab.yml
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - architecture: AMD64
-            macos-version: "15-intel"
+            macos-version: "26-intel"
           - architecture: ARM64
-            macos-version: "14"
+            macos-version: "26"
     steps:
       - name: Check out repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/python.yml b/.github/workflows/python.yml
index f1d3ff830473..c631f34c479d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/python.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/python.yml
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
             macos-version: "15-intel"
             large-memory-tests: "OFF"
           - architecture: ARM64
-            macos-version: "14"
+            macos-version: "26"
             large-memory-tests: "ON"
     env:
       ARROW_HOME: /tmp/local
diff --git a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
index 89ccc8e47f5c..7e099729008f 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
@@ -67,11 +67,13 @@ jobs:
   macos:
     name:  {{ '${{ matrix.platform.architecture}}' }}  macOS {{ '${{ matrix.platform.macos-version }}' }} MATLAB
     runs-on: macos-{{ '${{ matrix.platform.macos-version }}' }}
+    env:
+      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "14.0"
     strategy:
       matrix:
         platform:
-            - { architecture: "AMD64", macos-version: "15-intel", architecture-suffix: "x64"}
-            - { architecture: "ARM64", macos-version: "14", architecture-suffix: "arm64"}
+            - { architecture: "AMD64", macos-version: "26-intel", architecture-suffix: "x64"}
+            - { architecture: "ARM64", macos-version: "26", architecture-suffix: "arm64"}
     steps:
       {{ macros.github_checkout_arrow()|indent }}
       - name: Install ninja-build