diff --git a/interpreter/text/parser.mly b/interpreter/text/parser.mly
index 6ea942796..6d698ef11 100644
--- a/interpreter/text/parser.mly
+++ b/interpreter/text/parser.mly
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ let empty_context () =
     datas = empty (); elems = empty (); locals = empty (); labels = empty ();
     deferred_locals = ref []
   }
+let empty_context_with_types_from (c : context) = {(empty_context ()) with types = c.types}
 
 let enter_block (c : context) loc = {c with labels = scoped "label" 1l c.labels (at loc)}
 let enter_let (c : context) loc = {c with locals = empty (); deferred_locals = ref []}
@@ -1258,9 +1259,8 @@ compact_item1 :
       fun () -> ($3, df ()) }
 
 compact_item1_list :
-  | compact_item1
-    { fun c -> let f = $1 c in
-      fun () -> [f ()] }
+  | /* empty */
+    { fun _c -> fun () -> [] }
   | compact_item1 compact_item1_list
     { fun c -> let f = $1 c in let fs = $2 c in
       fun () -> f () :: fs () }
@@ -1283,8 +1283,13 @@ import :
   | LPAR IMPORT name compact_item2_list RPAR
     { fun c ->
       let (item_names, xt_fn) = $4 in
+      (* Run the externtype function once, even if there are zero items, to
+       * ensure it has no identifiers and to ensure that any implicit function
+       * types still get defined. *)
+      let df0 = xt_fn (empty_context_with_types_from c) false in
       let dfs = List.map (fun _ -> xt_fn c false) item_names in
       fun () ->
+        ignore (df0 ());
         List.map2 (fun item_name df -> Import ($3, item_name, df ()) @@ $sloc)
           item_names dfs }
 
diff --git a/spectec/doc/example/output/NanoWasm.pdf b/spectec/doc/example/output/NanoWasm.pdf
index ffc8d13cf..af4d0a661 100644
Binary files a/spectec/doc/example/output/NanoWasm.pdf and b/spectec/doc/example/output/NanoWasm.pdf differ
diff --git a/test/core/compact-import-section/imports-compact.wast b/test/core/compact-import-section/imports-compact.wast
index 577967020..188c2824c 100644
--- a/test/core/compact-import-section/imports-compact.wast
+++ b/test/core/compact-import-section/imports-compact.wast
@@ -97,6 +97,32 @@
 )
 
 
+;; Zero-length groups
+
+(module (import "not-test")) ;; encoding 1
+(module (import "not-test" (func))) ;; encoding 2
+
+(module
+  (import "test")
+  (import "test" (func (result i32)))                       ;; no func
+  (import "test" (item "func->11i" (func (result i32))))    ;; func 0
+  (import "test" (global i32))                              ;; no global
+  (import "test" (item "global->20") (global i32))          ;; global 0
+
+  (func (export "check") (result i32)
+    call 0
+    global.get 0
+    i32.add
+  )
+)
+(assert_return (invoke "check") (i32.const 31))
+
+(module
+  (import "not-test" (func (param i32)))  ;; still implicitly defines a func type
+  (func (type 0))
+)
+
+
 ;; Identifiers
 
 (module
@@ -118,10 +144,18 @@
 
 (assert_return (invoke "sum") (i32.const 32))
 
+(assert_malformed
+  (module quote "(import \"test\" (func $foo))")
+  "identifier not allowed"
+)
 (assert_malformed
   (module quote "(import \"test\" (item \"foo\") (func $foo))")
   "identifier not allowed"
 )
+(assert_malformed
+  (module quote "(import \"test\" (item \"foo\") (item \"bar\") (func $foo))")
+  "identifier not allowed"
+)
 
 
 ;; All externtype kinds in a single encoding-1 group