pfas.html

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       About PFAS
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  <h1 class="page-title">
    About PFAS
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    <p>
      PFAS are persistent chemicals found throughout the environment and in many products and materials. The sections below summarize common exposure pathways and potential health effects, with links to current information from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), including information about PFAS blood testing.
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    <h2 class="section-title">
      What are PFAS?
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    <p>
      Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of man-made chemicals that have been used in industry and consumer products worldwide since the 1940s.
    </p>

    <p>
      PFAS have been used in products such as water-repellent clothing, stain-resistant fabrics and carpets, some cosmetics, some firefighting foams, and products designed to resist grease, water, or oil.
    </p>

    <p>
      PFAS can migrate into soil, water, and air when they are produced and used. Many PFAS do not break down readily, allowing them to persist in the environment and accumulate in people and animals over time.
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      Environmental Presence and Exposure
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      PFAS are widespread in the environment and have been found in water, soil, air, food, people, and animals. Exposure can occur through several pathways.
    </p>

    <h3 class="subsection-title">
      How can people be exposed to PFAS?
    </h3>

    <ul>
      <li>Drinking water from PFAS-contaminated municipal sources or private wells</li>
      <li>Eating food produced near places where PFAS were used or made</li>
      <li>Eating fish or wild game contaminated by PFAS</li>
      <li>Accidentally swallowing or breathing contaminated soil or dust</li>
      <li>Eating food packaged in materials that contain PFAS</li>
      <li>Using some consumer products that contain PFAS</li>
      <li>Working with PFAS or materials that contain PFAS</li>
    </ul>

    <p>
      Exposure pathways vary among people and populations. Children and people whose work involves PFAS may experience different types or levels of exposure than the general population.
    </p>

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    <h2 class="section-title">
      Potential Health Effects
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      <p>
        According to
        <a
          href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/about/health-effects.html"
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          ATSDR (CDC)
        </a>,
        epidemiological evidence suggests associations between increased exposure to specific PFAS and certain health effects, including:
      </p>

      <ul>
        <li>Increased cholesterol levels</li>
        <li>Lower antibody response to some vaccines</li>
        <li>Changes in liver enzymes</li>
        <li>Pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia</li>
        <li>Small decreases in birth weight</li>
        <li>Kidney and testicular cancer</li>
      </ul>

      <p>
        Research is ongoing. The risk of health effects associated with PFAS depends on factors such as the amount, frequency, route, and duration of exposure; individual characteristics; and other determinants of health.
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      Learn More from ATSDR
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      The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry provides additional information about PFAS, health effects, testing, and ways to reduce exposure.
    </p>

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      <a
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        About PFAS
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        Health Effects
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      <a
        href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/blood-testing/index.html"
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        PFAS Blood Testing
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      <a
        href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/prevent-exposure/index.html"
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        Reducing PFAS Exposure
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