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     Main Page Content
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  <!-- ====================================================
       Overview
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  <section class="home-header" id="home">

    <img
      class="header-logo"
      src="images/sawgraph_logo_small.png"
      alt="SAWGraph logo">

    <div class="home-intro-text">

      <h1 class="project-title">
        Safe Agricultural Products and Water Graph (SAWGraph)
      </h1>

      <p class="project-subtitle">
        An Open Knowledge Network to Monitor and Trace PFAS and Other Contaminants in the Nation’s Food and Water Systems
      </p>

      <p>
        SAWGraph integrates U.S. federal, state, and other datasets about per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food, water, and the environment. It brings PFAS observations together with information about facilities and industries, hydrology, geography, agriculture, and chemical substances so that related data can be explored and analyzed together.
      </p>

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        <a
          href="#project-overview-video"
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          Watch Project Overview
        </a>

        <a
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          A Proto-OKN Project
        </a>

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  <!-- ====================================================
       Why SAWGraph?
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  <section id="why-sawgraph">

    <h2 class="section-title">
      Why SAWGraph?
    </h2>

    <p>
      PFAS-related information is often maintained in separate datasets, agencies, systems, and formats. Monitoring results, potential sources, water systems, facilities, agricultural information, chemical information, and geographic context may be documented separately and at different scales.
    </p>

    <p>
      This can make it difficult and time-consuming to determine where monitoring has occurred, what the results show, where important gaps remain, what may be affected, and what sources or pathways warrant further investigation.
    </p>

    <p>
      SAWGraph addresses this problem by integrating data and context within an interconnected geospatial knowledge network. It links observations with environmental, hydrologic, agricultural, chemical, and spatial information so that users can investigate relationships across datasets without first having to assemble and align those datasets themselves.
    </p>

    <div class="button-row">
      <a href="pfas.html" class="site-button-secondary">
        Learn About PFAS
      </a>
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        <p>
          In contrast to a fragmented ecosystem of separate data sources, SAWGraph integrates and aligns related data within a geospatial knowledge network that supports dynamic analysis across datasets.
        </p>
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      <img
        src="images/comparison.png"
        alt="Comparison of fragmented current PFAS monitoring and analysis workflows with SAWGraph, which integrates diverse data into a geospatial knowledge graph and supports integrated geospatial analysis and mapping.">

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       Guiding Use Cases
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    <h2 class="section-title">
      Guiding Use Cases
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    <p>
      SAWGraph was developed around three primary use cases identified through collaboration with government stakeholders and other domain experts.
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        <h3>
          Understanding Monitoring Results and Coverage
        </h3>

        <p>
          <strong>
            Where has PFAS monitoring occurred, what do the results show, and where are important gaps?
          </strong>
        </p>

        <p>
          SAWGraph connects monitoring observations with spatial and environmental context to help users examine sampling patterns, compare results, identify less-tested locations or features, and determine where additional monitoring may be useful.
        </p>

      </article>


      <!-- Use Case 2 -->

      <article class="content-card">

        <h3>
          Assessing and Mapping Impacts and Risks
        </h3>

        <p>
          <strong>
            What water systems, resources, places, or other features may be affected by reported PFAS contamination?
          </strong>
        </p>

        <p>
          SAWGraph connects contamination observations with surface water, groundwater, wells, drinking water systems, agricultural areas, and geographic regions to support investigation of potential impacts and help inform monitoring, communication, and mitigation efforts.
        </p>

      </article>


      <!-- Use Case 3 -->

      <article class="content-card">

        <h3>
          Tracing Potential Contamination Sources
        </h3>

        <p>
          <strong>
            What facilities, activities, or environmental pathways may be connected to observed PFAS contamination?
          </strong>
        </p>

        <p>
          SAWGraph combines contamination observations with information about facilities, industries, spatial relationships, and hydrologic networks to help users identify potential sources and plausible pathways for further investigation.
        </p>

      </article>


    </div>

  </section>



  <!-- ====================================================
       What SAWGraph Brings Together
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  <section id="data-context">

    <h2 class="section-title">
      What SAWGraph Brings Together
    </h2>

    <p>
      SAWGraph integrates information across several related areas:
    </p>


    <div class="info-grid">

      <p class="info-item">
        <strong>PFAS monitoring and releases:</strong>
        samples, observations, measurement results, and reported releases
      </p>

      <p class="info-item">
        <strong>Facilities and industries:</strong>
        industrial, commercial, institutional, and other facilities together with industry classifications
      </p>

      <p class="info-item">
        <strong>Hydrology and water systems:</strong>
        streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, wells, aquifers, and drinking water systems
      </p>

      <p class="info-item">
        <strong>Spatial context:</strong>
        states, counties, towns and townships, and other spatial reference information
      </p>

      <p class="info-item">
        <strong>Agricultural context:</strong>
        cropland use, crop information, and soil properties relevant to contaminant transport and retention
      </p>

      <p class="info-item">
        <strong>Chemical information:</strong>
        PFAS identities, classifications, and related chemical properties
      </p>

    </div>

    <div class="button-row">
      <a
        href="kg.html#data-sources"
        class="site-button-secondary">
        View Data Sources
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  </section>



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       What SAWGraph Helps Users Do
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  <section id="user-tasks">

    <h2 class="section-title">
      What SAWGraph Helps Users Do
    </h2>

    <p>
      By bringing these data and relationships together, SAWGraph can help users:
    </p>

    <ul>
      <li>
        explore and compare PFAS monitoring results across locations and sample types
      </li>

      <li>
        identify monitoring gaps and places or features where additional testing may be useful
      </li>

      <li>
        investigate relationships between contamination observations, facilities, industries, and other potential sources
      </li>

      <li>
        trace spatial, surface-water, and groundwater connections
      </li>

      <li>
        assess potential impacts on water systems, agricultural resources, and other places or features
      </li>

      <li>
        develop research questions and investigate patterns across multiple domains
      </li>

      <li>
        communicate PFAS information through maps, summaries, and other visual outputs
      </li>

      <li>
        support decisions about monitoring, investigation, communication, and mitigation
      </li>
    </ul>

    <p>
      These capabilities can be explored through prebuilt analyses, website demos, and interactive tools that connect information across SAWGraph’s integrated datasets.
    </p>

    <div class="button-row">
      <a
        href="explore.html"
        class="site-button">
        Explore Querying and Demos
      </a>
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  </section>



  <!-- ====================================================
       Intended Users
       ==================================================== -->

  <section id="intended-users">

    <h2 class="section-title">
      Intended Users
    </h2>

    <p>
      SAWGraph is designed for people and organizations working on PFAS and other contaminants in food, water, and the environment.
    </p>

    <p>
      Primary users include staff and experts at federal and state agencies responsible for environmental protection, agriculture, food safety, drinking water, public health, and geological science, including EPA, USDA, FDA, USGS, and related state agencies.
    </p>

    <p>
      SAWGraph is also relevant to agency associations, universities, research organizations, technical partners, project managers, and other researchers and decision-makers who need to examine PFAS information together with environmental and geographic context.
    </p>

  </section>



  <!-- ====================================================
       How SAWGraph Works
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  <section id="how-it-works">

    <h2 class="section-title">
      How SAWGraph Works
    </h2>

    <p>
      SAWGraph uses a modular network of interconnected knowledge graphs and ontologies to integrate data from different sources while preserving their meaning and provenance.
    </p>

    <p>
      The ontologies provide consistent concepts and relationships across datasets. Spatial and hydrologic relationships—including proximity, containment, and upstream and downstream connections—allow information from different domains to be linked and queried together.
    </p>

    <p>
      User-facing tools build on this integrated structure to support maps, prebuilt analyses, and configurable workflows without requiring users to understand the underlying semantic technologies.
    </p>

    <div class="button-row">
      <a href="kg.html" class="site-button-secondary">
        Learn About SAWGraph Data &amp; Methods
      </a>
    </div>


  </section>



  <!-- ====================================================
       Project Overview Video
       ==================================================== -->

  <section id="project-overview-video">

    <h2 class="section-title">
      Project Overview Video
    </h2>

    <p>
      This video introduces SAWGraph, the problem it addresses, and the project’s approach to integrating data for PFAS monitoring and analysis.
    </p>


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    Integrating PFAS data and context to support research and decision-making
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