diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index b84487d4..be098144 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -15,6 +15,12 @@ Upcoming Release .. The features listed below are not released yet, but will be part of the next release! .. To use the features already you have to use the ``master`` branch. +**Breaking changes** + +* ``biochar pyrolysis`` is now a carbon dioxide removal technology with all values per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years instead of per MWh_biochar. ``investment`` is in EUR/t_CO2/h and ``VOM`` in EUR/t_CO2. New parameters ``biomass-input`` (MWh_biomass/t_CO2), ``electricity-input`` (MWh_e/t_CO2) and ``heat-output`` (MWh_th/t_CO2) replace ``efficiency-biochar`` and ``efficiency-heat``. ``yield-biochar`` is renamed to ``biochar-output`` and given in t_biochar per MWh of solid biomass (15% moisture) instead of per MWh of dried feedstock. 35% of the biomass carbon is assumed to be sequestered: 50% ends up in biochar, of which 70% is stable for >100 years. (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/258) + +**Changes** + * Adding `Enhanced Weathering` (or Rocks) as CDR technology. (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/256) * Add cost assumptions for water network infrastructure: water pipeline HDPE and water pipeline booster pump (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/277) diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv index 7cbdbcfc..8b362f8f 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv @@ -3526,13 +3526,14 @@ battery storage,investment,436.3481,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Shee battery storage,investment,436.3481,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,436.3481,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",,,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,9516589.1654,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,122.1631,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,78.9195,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv index 862b247b..04f3970e 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv @@ -3606,13 +3606,14 @@ battery storage,investment,406.0761,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Shee battery storage,investment,355.7841,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,355.7841,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",,,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,9516589.1654,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,148.475,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,91.7982,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv index b8140b75..53fba63e 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv @@ -3762,13 +3762,14 @@ battery storage,investment,355.6226,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Shee battery storage,investment,221.5107,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,221.5107,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",,,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,194139.6041,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,8784543.845,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7869,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,104.6769,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv index 91268920..15f6aba1 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv @@ -3786,13 +3786,14 @@ battery storage,investment,343.46,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet battery storage,investment,201.9751,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,201.9751,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",,,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,186050.4539,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,8418521.1847,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7183,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,107.0167,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv index d7af51dd..fec72812 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv @@ -3786,13 +3786,14 @@ battery storage,investment,331.2974,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Shee battery storage,investment,182.4396,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,182.4396,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",,,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,177961.3037,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,8052498.5245,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,174.6496,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,109.3566,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv index f42f6d54..8cd1584e 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv @@ -3786,13 +3786,14 @@ battery storage,investment,319.1347,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Shee battery storage,investment,163.3345,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,163.3345,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",,,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,169872.1536,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,7686475.8643,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,171.0237,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,111.7235,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv index 0bd572ae..7acf4689 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv @@ -3786,13 +3786,14 @@ battery storage,investment,306.9721,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Shee battery storage,investment,144.2295,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,R&D,Advanced battery storage,investment,144.2295,USD/kWh,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",Includes grid connection and project financing costs; Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"NREL, 2024 ATB Excel Workbook, Sheet “Utility-Scale Battery Storage”, https://data.openei.org/files/6006/2024_v3_Workbook.xlsx",,,, -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,investment,161783.0034,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,investment,7320453.2041,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0,, +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,167.3978,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,114.0904,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index 401256d1..62d6e9f0 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -635,13 +635,14 @@ battery inverter,investment,361.0034,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/techno battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 battery storage,investment,310.1955,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2025.0 battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,9516589.1654,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,122.1631,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,78.9195,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index 739fb6a2..cb4579b8 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -635,13 +635,14 @@ battery inverter,investment,287.4657,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/techno battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 battery storage,investment,250.0283,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2025.0 battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,9516589.1654,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,148.475,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,91.7982,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index 3f11f846..8b31bc0b 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -635,13 +635,14 @@ battery inverter,investment,213.9279,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/techno battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 battery storage,investment,189.861,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2025.0 battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,194139.6041,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,8784543.845,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7869,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,104.6769,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index 6cdfc1ff..677b51e3 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -635,13 +635,14 @@ battery inverter,investment,173.8164,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/techno battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 battery storage,investment,157.7719,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2025.0 battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,186050.4539,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,8418521.1847,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7183,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,107.0167,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index 9aee8c35..bd57a7cc 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -635,13 +635,14 @@ battery inverter,investment,133.705,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technol battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 battery storage,investment,125.6827,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2025.0 battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,177961.3037,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,8052498.5245,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,174.6496,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,109.3566,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index e32c7482..e9219905 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -635,13 +635,14 @@ battery inverter,investment,106.964,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technol battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 battery storage,investment,112.9807,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2025.0 battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,169872.1536,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,7686475.8643,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,171.0237,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,111.7235,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index 8ff494eb..bd89773b 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -635,13 +635,14 @@ battery inverter,investment,80.223,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technolo battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 battery storage,investment,100.2787,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2025.0 battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,1035.4112,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,161783.0034,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2025.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 +biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,VOM,46.8509,EUR/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M. Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biochar-output,0.0587,t_biochar/MWh_biomass,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,biomass-input,7.6748,MWh_biomass/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Biomass Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted). Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15% moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is stable for >100 years when spread on soil (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9), i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,electricity-input,0.3129,MWh_e/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: El-Input. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,heat-output,3.7196,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: H-Output. Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat. Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,investment,7320453.2041,EUR/t_CO2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment. Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per MWh_biomass and the biomass-input.",2025.0 +biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2025.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,167.3978,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,114.0904,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 diff --git a/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py b/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py index 29a8bb75..8b0b1da2 100644 --- a/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py +++ b/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py @@ -252,7 +252,6 @@ "biogas plus hydrogen", "methanolisation", "Fischer-Tropsch", - "biochar pyrolysis", "biomethanation", "electrolysis small", "central water pit storage", @@ -982,7 +981,7 @@ def get_data_DEA( df.index = df.index.str.replace("[MW-methanol/year]", "MW_MeOH/year") if "biochar pyrolysis" in tech_name: - df = biochar_pyrolysis_harmonise_dea(df) + df = biochar_pyrolysis_dea(df) elif tech_name == "central geothermal heat source": # we need to convert from costs per MW of the entire system (including heat pump) @@ -1122,6 +1121,62 @@ def add_desalination_data(cost_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: return cost_dataframe +def biomass_properties(): + """ + Function that harmonises the properties of solid biomass properties with biomass potentials (JRC ENSPRESO) + NOTE: all energy contents are on Lower Heating Value (LHV) + """ + + idx_biomass = [ + "biomass_specific_energy_DM", + "biomass_carbon_content", + "biomass_moisture_content", + "water_evap_heat", + "biomass_specific_energy", + "pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content", + "pyrolysis_feedstock_specific_energy", + ] + cols_biomass = ["value", "unit"] + units = [ + "GJ/t_DM", + "tC/t_biom_DM", + "t_h2o/t_biom", + "GJ/t_h2o", + "GJ/t_biom", + "t_h2o/t_pyrofeed", + "GJ/t_pyrofeed", + ] + solid_biomass_df = pd.DataFrame(index=idx_biomass, data=0, columns=cols_biomass) + solid_biomass_df = solid_biomass_df.astype({"value": "float", "unit": "object"}) + solid_biomass_df.loc[:, "unit"] = units + + solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_specific_energy_DM", "value"] = 18 + solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_carbon_content", "value"] = 0.5 + solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_moisture_content", "value"] = 0.15 + solid_biomass_df.at["water_evap_heat", "value"] = 2.44 + solid_biomass_df.at["pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content", "value"] = 0.1 + + LHV_solid_biomass = ( + solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_specific_energy_DM", "value"] + * (1 - solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_moisture_content", "value"]) + - solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_moisture_content", "value"] + * solid_biomass_df.at["water_evap_heat", "value"] + ) + LHV_pyrolysis_feedstock = ( + solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_specific_energy_DM", "value"] + * (1 - solid_biomass_df.at["pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content", "value"]) + - solid_biomass_df.at["pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content", "value"] + * solid_biomass_df.at["water_evap_heat", "value"] + ) + + solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_specific_energy", "value"] = LHV_solid_biomass + solid_biomass_df.at["pyrolysis_feedstock_specific_energy", "value"] = ( + LHV_pyrolysis_feedstock + ) + + return solid_biomass_df + + def add_co2_intensity(cost_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: """ The function adds CO2 intensity for the carriers. @@ -1316,29 +1371,78 @@ def unify_diw(cost_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: return cost_dataframe -def biochar_pyrolysis_harmonise_dea(df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: +def biochar_pyrolysis_dea(df): + """ + This function does: + 1) defined the properties of solid biomass in pypsa-eur: moisture, LHV dry and LHV moist + 2) defines the properties of the feedstock for pyrolysis (dried biomass) + 3) calculates the energy required for drying the biomass to feedstock to the inlet of pyrolysis + 4) imports the DEA data for biochar pyrolysis + 5) re-calculate the parameters from DEA per MWh of biomass in pypsa-eur. + 6) if not specified all values refer to DEA renewable fuels """ - The function harmonises biochar and pyrolysis costs. - Parameters - ---------- - df : pandas.DataFrame - costs + # definition of solid biomass in pypsa + solid_biomass_df = biomass_properties() + biomass_specific_energy = ( + solid_biomass_df.at["biomass_specific_energy", "value"] / 3.6 + ) # MWh/t_biom LHV + biomass_carbon_content = solid_biomass_df.at[ + "biomass_carbon_content", "value" + ] # tC/tbiomass_DM + biomass_moisture_content = solid_biomass_df.at[ + "biomass_moisture_content", "value" + ] # th2o/tbiom + + # definition of feedstock for pyrolysis + pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content = solid_biomass_df.at[ + "pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content", "value" + ] # t H2O/ t feedstock + pyrolysis_feedstock_specific_energy = ( + solid_biomass_df.at["pyrolysis_feedstock_specific_energy", "value"] / 3.6 + ) # LHV feedstock (MWh /t feedstock) + + # mass ratio between feedstock and solid biomass + pyrolysis_feedstock_biomass_mass_ratio = (1 - biomass_moisture_content) / ( + 1 - pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content + ) # (t_feedstock / t_biomass) after drying + pyrolysis_feedstock_biomass_energy_ratio = ( + pyrolysis_feedstock_biomass_mass_ratio + * pyrolysis_feedstock_specific_energy + / biomass_specific_energy + ) # MWh feedstock / MWh biomass input to the process + + # Updated pre-treatment heat demand. DEA includes drying (13% - 10%) + heat_drying = 0.83 # MWh/tH2O removed + Delta_heat_drying = ( + heat_drying + * ( + biomass_moisture_content / (1 - biomass_moisture_content) + - 0.13 / (1 - 0.13) + ) + * (1 - biomass_moisture_content) + / biomass_specific_energy + ) # (MWh heat/MWh LHV biomass) - Returns - ------- - pandas.DataFrame - updated cost dataframe - """ + # DEA pyrolysis carbon balance + C_biochar_feedstock_ratio = 0.5 # (%) of carbon from original biomass contained in biochar - from DEA (for straw) + + # Assumption on biochar stability in soil beyond 100 years + biochar_100years = 0.7 # tC >100 years /tC application https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01604-9 # data for 2020 not available if 2020 in df.columns: df.drop(columns=2020, inplace=True) + # normalize biochar and total heat output to feedstock input idx = df.index.str.contains("Total Input") idx2 = df.index.str.contains("Feedstock Consumption") - df.loc[idx] = df.loc[idx].astype(float) / df.loc[idx2].values.astype(float) - df.index = df.index.str.replace("Total Input", "feedstock") + df.loc[idx] = ( + df.loc[idx].astype(float) + / df.loc[idx2].values.astype(float) + * pyrolysis_feedstock_biomass_energy_ratio + ) + df.index = df.index.str.replace("Total Input", "biomass") # all pyrolysis product except char are combusted for heat df_sum = pd.concat( @@ -1349,69 +1453,114 @@ def biochar_pyrolysis_harmonise_dea(df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: ), axis=0, ).sum(axis=0, skipna=False) - df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Heat Output")] = df_sum * 100 - - to_drop = df[ - df.index.str.contains("Pyrolysis oil Output") - | df.index.str.contains("Pyrolysis gas Output") - | df.index.str.contains("Electricity Consumption") - | df.index.str.contains("Feedstock Consumption") - ].index - df.drop(to_drop, inplace=True) + df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Heat Output")] = ( + df_sum # adjust for difference in drying heat demand + ) - # normalizing costs to biochar output - df_divid = pd.concat( + # normalizing costs to biomass input + df_tot_out_DEA = pd.concat( ( df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Biochar Output")], df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Heat Output")], ), axis=0, ).sum(axis=0, skipna=False) - biochar_totoutput = df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Biochar Output")] / df_divid - idx3 = df.index.str.contains("EUR") - df.loc[idx3] = df.loc[idx3].values.astype(float) / biochar_totoutput.values.astype( - float + + # remove additional heat for drying + df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Heat Output")] = ( + df_sum - Delta_heat_drying + ) # adjust for difference in drying heat demand + + # Calculate biochar yield (t biochar / MWh biomass) + df_div2 = ( + df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Specific energy content")].astype(float) / 3.6 ) - df.index = df.index.str.replace(" output from pyrolysis process", "", regex=True) + df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Biochar Output")] = df.iloc[ + df.index.str.contains("Biochar Output") + ].astype(float) / df_div2.values.astype(float) - # rename units df.rename( index={ - df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Specific investment")].index[0]: df.loc[ - df.index.str.contains("Specific investment") - ].index.str.replace("MW", "MW_biochar")[0], - df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Fixed O&M")].index[0]: df.loc[ - df.index.str.contains("Fixed O&M") - ].index.str.replace("MW", "MW_biochar")[0], - df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Variable O&M")].index[0]: df.loc[ - df.index.str.contains("Variable O&M") - ].index.str.replace("MWh", "MWh_biochar")[0], + df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Biochar Output")].index.values[ + 0 + ]: "yield biochar [t_biochar/MWh_biomass]" }, inplace=True, ) - df_div = ( - df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Specific energy content")].astype(float) / 3.6 - ) - df.iloc[df.index.str.contains("Specific energy content")] = df.iloc[ - df.index.str.contains("Biochar Output") - ].astype(float) / df_div.values.astype(float) + # drop unnecessary indexes + to_drop = df[ + df.index.str.contains("Pyrolysis oil Output") + | df.index.str.contains("Pyrolysis gas Output") + | df.index.str.contains("Feedstock Consumption") + ].index + df.drop(to_drop, inplace=True) + + # Calculated biochar Carbon content from: PyPSA-Eur solid biomass and DEA pyrolysis inputs + # CALCULATION: Cw_biochar (tC_biochar/tbiochar) = (tC_feedstock/t_feedstock) * (tfeedstcok/GJfeedstock) * (GJ feedstock / t biochar) * (tCbiochar / tC feedstock) + biochar_carbon_content = ( + biomass_carbon_content + * (1 - pyrolysis_feedstock_moisture_content) + / pyrolysis_feedstock_specific_energy + / df.loc["yield biochar [t_biochar/MWh_biomass]", :] + * C_biochar_feedstock_ratio + ) # tC/tbiochar + + # Calculated CO2 sequestration in biochar per unit of biomass + # CO2seq_biomass = (tC/tbiochar) * (tbiochar/GJbiomass) * (tbiochar>100y /tbiochar) + df.loc["Biomass Input [MWh_biomass/t_CO2]", :] = 1 / ( + biochar_carbon_content + * df.loc["yield biochar [t_biochar/MWh_biomass]", :] + * biochar_100years + * 44 + / 12 + ) # MWh_biomass/tCO2seq + + # express all data per tonne of CO2 sequestred + df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Heat Output")] = df.loc[ + df.index.str.contains("Heat Output") + ].astype(float) * df.loc["Biomass Input [MWh_biomass/t_CO2]"].astype(float) + df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Electricity Consumption")] = df.loc[ + df.index.str.contains("Electricity Consumption") + ].astype(float) * df.loc["Biomass Input [MWh_biomass/t_CO2]"].astype(float) df.rename( index={ - df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Specific energy content")].index.values[ - 0 - ]: "yield biochar [ton biochar/MWh_feedstock]", - df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Biochar Output")].index.values[ - 0 - ]: "efficiency biochar [MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock]", df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Heat Output")].index.values[ 0 - ]: "efficiency heat [% MWh_feedstock]", + ]: "H-Output [MWh_th/t_CO2]", + df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Electricity Consumption")].index.values[ + 0 + ]: "El-Input [MWh_e/t_CO2]", }, inplace=True, ) + # adjust cost basis from €/MWh tot_output to €/tCO2 sequestred + idx3 = df.index.str.contains("EUR") + df.loc[idx3] = df.loc[idx3].values.astype(float) * df_tot_out_DEA.values.astype( + float + ) # converto to €/MWhbiom + df.loc[idx3] = df.loc[idx3] * df.loc["Biomass Input [MWh_biomass/t_CO2]"].astype( + float + ) # converto to € /t_CO2/h + df.index = df.index.str.replace(" output from pyrolysis process", "", regex=True) + + # rename units + df.rename( + index={ + df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Specific investment")].index[0]: df.loc[ + df.index.str.contains("Specific investment") + ].index.str.replace("MW", "t_CO2/h")[0], + df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Fixed O&M")].index[0]: df.loc[ + df.index.str.contains("Fixed O&M") + ].index.str.replace("MW", "t_CO2/h")[0], + df.loc[df.index.str.contains("Variable O&M")].index[0]: df.loc[ + df.index.str.contains("Variable O&M") + ].index.str.replace("MWh", "t_CO2")[0], + }, + inplace=True, + ) return df @@ -1933,7 +2082,8 @@ def order_data(years: list, technology_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: | (df.unit == "EUR/MW_e, 2020") | (df.unit == "EUR/MW input") | (df.unit == "EUR/t_N2/h") # air separation unit - | (df.unit == "EUR/MW_biochar") + | (df.unit == "EUR/t_CO2/h") + | (df.unit == "EUR/MW_biomass") ) ].copy() @@ -1966,7 +2116,8 @@ def order_data(years: list, technology_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: | (df.unit == "EUR/MWh_FT") | (df.unit == "EUR/MW_MeOH/year") | (df.unit == "EUR/MW_CH4/year") - | (df.unit == "EUR/MW_biochar/year") + | (df.unit == "EUR/MW_biomass/year") + | (df.unit == "EUR/t_CO2/h/year") | (df.unit == "% of specific investment/year") | (df.unit == investment.unit.str.split(" ").iloc[0][0] + "/year") ) @@ -2018,7 +2169,8 @@ def order_data(years: list, technology_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: | (df.unit == "EUR/MWh") | (df.unit == "EUR/MWhoutput") | (df.unit == "EUR/MWh_CH4") - | (df.unit == "EUR/MWh_biochar") + | (df.unit == "EUR/MWh_biomass") + | (df.unit == "EUR/t_CO2") | (tech_name == "biogas upgrading") ) ].copy() @@ -2085,6 +2237,9 @@ def order_data(years: list, technology_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: | (df.index.str.contains("District Heat Output,")) | (df.index.str.contains("Bio SNG")) | (df.index.str.contains("biochar")) + | (df.index.str.contains("H-Output")) + | (df.index.str.contains("Biomass Input")) + | (df.index.str.contains("El-Input")) | (df.index == ("Hydrogen")) ) & ( @@ -2099,9 +2254,11 @@ def order_data(years: list, technology_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: | (df.unit == "MWh/MWh Total Input") | (df.unit == "MWh/MWh total input") | df.unit.str.contains("MWh_FT/MWh_H2") - | df.unit.str.contains("MWh/MWh Total Input") - | df.unit.str.contains("MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock") - | df.unit.str.contains("ton biochar/MWh_feedstock") + | df.unit.str.contains("MWh_biochar/MWh_biomass") + | df.unit.str.contains("t_biochar/MWh_biomass") + | df.unit.str.contains("MWh_th/t_CO2") + | df.unit.str.contains("MWh_biomass/t_CO2") + | df.unit.str.contains("MWh_e/t_CO2") | df.unit.str.contains("MWh_CH4/MWh_H2") | df.unit.str.contains("% MWh_feedstock") ) @@ -2202,15 +2359,25 @@ def order_data(years: list, technology_dataframe: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: efficiency_biochar_mass = efficiency[ efficiency.index.str.contains("yield biochar") ].copy() - efficiency_biochar_mass["parameter"] = "yield-biochar" + efficiency_biochar_mass["parameter"] = "biochar-output" clean_df[tech_name] = pd.concat( [clean_df[tech_name], efficiency_biochar_mass] ) - efficiency_heat = efficiency[ - efficiency.index.str.contains("efficiency heat") + efficiency_heat_out = efficiency[ + efficiency.index.str.contains("H-Output") ].copy() - efficiency_heat["parameter"] = "efficiency-heat" - clean_df[tech_name] = pd.concat([clean_df[tech_name], efficiency_heat]) + efficiency_heat_out["parameter"] = "heat-output" + clean_df[tech_name] = pd.concat([clean_df[tech_name], efficiency_heat_out]) + biomass_input = efficiency[ + efficiency.index.str.contains("Biomass Input") + ].copy() + biomass_input["parameter"] = "biomass-input" + clean_df[tech_name] = pd.concat([clean_df[tech_name], biomass_input]) + electricity_input = efficiency[ + efficiency.index.str.contains("El-Input") + ].copy() + electricity_input["parameter"] = "electricity-input" + clean_df[tech_name] = pd.concat([clean_df[tech_name], electricity_input]) elif len(efficiency) != 1: switch = True @@ -2595,6 +2762,36 @@ def add_description( " grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs" ) + biochar_comments = { + "biomass-input": ( + ". Per t_CO2 sequestered for >100 years (not t_CO2 emitted)." + " Solid biomass with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV, 50% carbon on dry basis and 15%" + " moisture, dried to 10% before pyrolysis. 50% of the biomass carbon" + " ends up in biochar (DEA, straw) and 70% of the biochar carbon is" + " stable for >100 years when spread on soil" + " (Fuhrman et al. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01604-9)," + " i.e. 35% of the biomass carbon is sequestered." + ), + "investment": ( + ". Converted from DEA per MW output via the total output per" + " MWh_biomass and the biomass-input." + ), + "VOM": ( + ". Converted from DEA per MWh output via the total output per" + " MWh_biomass and the biomass-input." + ), + "heat-output": ( + ". Pyrolysis oil and gas are assumed to be combusted for heat." + " Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input." + ), + "electricity-input": ". Per t_CO2 sequestered, see biomass-input.", + } + if "biochar pyrolysis" in technology_dataframe.index: + for parameter, comment in biochar_comments.items(): + technology_dataframe.loc[ + ("biochar pyrolysis", parameter), "further description" + ] += comment + return technology_dataframe @@ -4121,6 +4318,11 @@ def add_energy_storage_database( else: data.at[x, "currency_year"] = 2015 + # biochar pyrolysis investment/FOM/VOM were updated with new DEA figures + # already given in 2025 EUR, not the DEA-catalogue-wide 2020 EUR + # convention assumed by cost_year_2020 above + data.at["biochar pyrolysis", "currency_year"] = 2025 + # add heavy-duty assumptions, cost year is 2022 data = get_dea_vehicle_data(snakemake.input.dea_vehicles, years_list, data) @@ -4272,7 +4474,14 @@ def add_energy_storage_database( costs_tot.drop("fixed", level=1, inplace=True) # adjust for inflation - techs = costs_tot.index.get_level_values(0).unique() + # biochar pyrolysis investment/FOM/VOM are already given in eur_year + # EUR (not the DEA-catalogue-wide 2020 EUR assumed via cost_year_2020), + # so it is exempted from inflation adjustment entirely + techs = ( + costs_tot.index.get_level_values(0) + .unique() + .drop("biochar pyrolysis", errors="ignore") + ) costs_tot["currency_year"] = costs_tot.currency_year.astype(float) costs_tot = adjust_for_inflation( inflation_rate, costs_tot, techs, snakemake.config["eur_year"], "value" diff --git a/test/test_compile_cost_assumptions.py b/test/test_compile_cost_assumptions.py index cd1cc1ca..b1b857e4 100644 --- a/test/test_compile_cost_assumptions.py +++ b/test/test_compile_cost_assumptions.py @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ def test_get_data_from_dea(config): "air separation unit": (7, 9), "waste CHP": (16, 9), "waste CHP CC": (16, 9), - "biochar pyrolysis": (7, 9), + "biochar pyrolysis": (9, 9), "electrolysis small": (7, 9), "random tech": (0, 0), }