diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index b84487d4..04fa4546 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ Upcoming Release * Add cost assumptions for water network infrastructure: water pipeline HDPE and water pipeline booster pump (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/277) +* Adding `perennials refining` for production of perennial crops instead of 1st generation biofuels, followed by Green Bio Refining to proteins and biogas, and mass-based conversion efficiencies for ``ethanol from wheat``, ``ethanol from sugar beet`` and ``biodiesel from rapeseed``. (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/255) + `v0.15.0 `__ (9th June 2026) ================================================================================================ diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv index caf5e497..8a0923e4 100644 --- a/inputs/manual_input.csv +++ b/inputs/manual_input.csv @@ -746,4 +746,7 @@ water pipeline HDPE (171.65mm 16 bar),lifetime,2023,50,years,2022,"HYPAT_WP_Wate water pipeline booster pump,investment,1981,4775,EUR/kW,2022,"Calculated based on HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants, https://hypat.de/hypat-wAssets/docs/new/publikationen/HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants.pdf, Sec. 4.3 + 8.1, Eq. 17 and Monterey County report (1981) using 2% annual inflation; accessed 2026-06-15","Cost of water booster pump per horsepower scaled via power law (exponent 0.558). Base value 15,570 USD/HP (1981) inflated to 2022 and converted using an exchange rate of 0.7532 EUR/USD. Value evaluated at reference pump capacity (~73 kW) corresponding to 4,775 EUR/kW." water pipeline booster pump,FOM,1981,2,%/year,2022,"HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants, https://hypat.de/hypat-wAssets/docs/new/publikationen/HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants.pdf, Sec. 4.3 + 8.1; accessed 2026-06-15", water pipeline booster pump,lifetime,1981,30,years,2022,"HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants, https://hypat.de/hypat-wAssets/docs/new/publikationen/HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants.pdf, Sec. 4.3 + 8.1; accessed 2026-06-15", -water pipeline booster pump,efficiency,1981,0.765,m^3-H2O/kWh,2022,"HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants, https://hypat.de/hypat-wAssets/docs/new/publikationen/HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants.pdf, Sec. 4.3 + 8.1, by multiplying the motor efficiency with the pump efficiency: 0.85 x 0.9=0.765; accessed 2026-06-15", \ No newline at end of file +water pipeline booster pump,efficiency,1981,0.765,m^3-H2O/kWh,2022,"HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants, https://hypat.de/hypat-wAssets/docs/new/publikationen/HYPAT_WP_Water-Supply-for-Electrolysis-Plants.pdf, Sec. 4.3 + 8.1, by multiplying the motor efficiency with the pump efficiency: 0.85 x 0.9=0.765; accessed 2026-06-15", +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,2020,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,2020,"JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93","assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%)" +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,2020,0.07777,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,2020,"JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133","assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet)" +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,2020,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,2020,"JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159","calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063)" diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv index 7cbdbcfc..27fd0fa5 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv @@ -3534,6 +3534,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,122.1631,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,78.9195,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, @@ -4000,11 +4001,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from starch crop,investment,904458.9273,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0,, +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,16.43,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,investment,669357.58,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0,, +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0,, fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, @@ -4286,6 +4289,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0,, organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0,, +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0,, +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0,, +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0,, +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, ror,CF,0.6564,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2020.0,Market,Advanced ror,CF,0.6564,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2020.0,Market,Conservative ror,CF,0.6564,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2020.0,Market,Moderate diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv index 862b247b..4a057aeb 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv @@ -3614,6 +3614,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,148.475,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,91.7982,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, @@ -4086,11 +4087,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from starch crop,investment,821144.8873,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0,, +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,18.09,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,investment,607696.9085,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0,, +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0,, fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, @@ -4356,6 +4359,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0,, organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0,, +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0,, +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0,, +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0,, +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Moderate ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Conservative diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv index b8140b75..945098e0 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv @@ -3770,6 +3770,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,194139.6041,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7869,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,104.6769,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, @@ -4242,11 +4243,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0,, +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0,, +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0,, fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, @@ -4548,6 +4551,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0,, organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0,, +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0,, +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0,, +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0,, +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Moderate ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Conservative diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv index 91268920..c0444f87 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv @@ -3794,6 +3794,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,186050.4539,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7183,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,107.0167,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, @@ -4266,11 +4267,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0,, +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0,, +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0,, fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, @@ -4572,6 +4575,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0,, organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0,, +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0,, +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0,, +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0,, +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Moderate ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Conservative diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv index d7af51dd..f2df22cf 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv @@ -3794,6 +3794,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,177961.3037,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,174.6496,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,109.3566,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, @@ -4266,11 +4267,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0,, +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0,, +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0,, fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, @@ -4572,6 +4575,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0,, organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0,, +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0,, +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0,, +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0,, +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Moderate ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Conservative diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv index f42f6d54..c1da1b5c 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv @@ -3794,6 +3794,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,169872.1536,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,171.0237,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,111.7235,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, @@ -4266,11 +4267,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0,, +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0,, +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0,, fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, @@ -4572,6 +4575,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0,, organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0,, +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0,, +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0,, +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0,, +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Moderate ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Conservative diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv index 0bd572ae..55d17fcc 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv @@ -3794,6 +3794,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,161783.0034,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0,, biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0,, biodiesel crops,fuel,167.3978,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0,, bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).",,, bioethanol crops,fuel,114.0904,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0,, biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",,,, @@ -4266,11 +4267,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0,, +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0,, ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0,, +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0,, fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0,, fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0,, fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0,, @@ -4572,6 +4575,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0,, organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0,, organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0,, +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0,, +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0,, +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0,, +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0,, ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Moderate ror,CF,0.66,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Conservative diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index 401256d1..415964ca 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,122.1631,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,78.9195,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, @@ -1023,11 +1024,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from starch crop,investment,904458.9273,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0 ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,16.43,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,investment,669357.58,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 @@ -1210,6 +1213,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0 organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0 +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0 +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0 +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,investment,4332.7919,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index 739fb6a2..528197b2 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,210317.9044,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,148.475,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,91.7982,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, @@ -1023,11 +1024,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from starch crop,investment,821144.8873,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0 ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,18.09,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,investment,607696.9085,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 @@ -1210,6 +1213,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0 organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0 +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0 +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0 +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,investment,4332.7919,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index 3f11f846..a570337e 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,194139.6041,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7869,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,104.6769,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, @@ -1023,11 +1024,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0 ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 @@ -1210,6 +1213,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0 organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0 +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0 +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0 +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,investment,4332.7919,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index 6cdfc1ff..19504829 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,186050.4539,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,174.7183,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,107.0167,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, @@ -1023,11 +1024,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0 ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 @@ -1210,6 +1213,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0 organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0 +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0 +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0 +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,investment,4332.7919,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index 9aee8c35..ce2fb139 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,177961.3037,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,174.6496,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,109.3566,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, @@ -1023,11 +1024,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0 ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 @@ -1210,6 +1213,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0 organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0 +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0 +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0 +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,investment,4332.7919,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index e32c7482..d7b7a9a9 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,169872.1536,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,171.0237,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,111.7235,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, @@ -1023,11 +1024,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0 ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 @@ -1210,6 +1213,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0 organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0 +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0 +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0 +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,investment,4332.7919,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2025.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index 8ff494eb..d8d33baf 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -643,6 +643,7 @@ biochar pyrolysis,investment,161783.0034,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, i biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 biodiesel crops,fuel,167.3978,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 +biodiesel from rapeseed,efficiency,0.4176,t_biodiesel/t_rapeseed,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Tables 155+159,calculated as: t_crude_oil/t_rapeseed 9% moisture (Eurostat standard humidity 9%) x crude-to-FAME (1/1.0063),2020.0 bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", bioethanol crops,fuel,114.0904,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2025.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.1447,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, @@ -1023,11 +1024,13 @@ ethanol from starch crop,VOM,33.2615,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full mode ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from starch crop,investment,761648.2168,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 +ethanol from sugar beet,efficiency,0.0778,t_ethanol/t_sugarbeet,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 133,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and sugar content 16% (Eurostat standard: fresh beet),2020.0 ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,29.2541,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 ethanol from sugar crops,investment,563668.838,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2025.0 ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 +ethanol from wheat,efficiency,0.295,t_ethanol/t_wheat,JRC Technical Report doi:10.2760/69179 Table 93,assuming LHV ethanol 7.447 MWh/t and wheat grain moisture 13.5% (Eurostat standard humidity 14%),2020.0 fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 @@ -1210,6 +1213,12 @@ organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock t organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 organic rankine cycle,investment,1730.0924,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2025.0 organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 +perennials refining,FOM,4.8232,%/year,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4",2020.0 +perennials refining,VOM,32.6558,EUR/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4),2025.0 +perennials refining,biogas-output,0.1947,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,electricity-input,0.0733,MWh/t_DM,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 +perennials refining,investment,1629296.0873,EUR/(t_DM/h),"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8","DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4",2025.0 +perennials refining,lifetime,25.0,years,"Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8",DM: dry matter of perennial crops.,2020.0 ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 ror,investment,4332.7919,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2025.0 diff --git a/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py b/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py index 29a8bb75..f06eadb7 100644 --- a/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py +++ b/scripts/compile_cost_assumptions.py @@ -276,6 +276,7 @@ "gas storage charger", "gas storage discharger", "gas storage discharger", + "perennials refining", ] cost_year_2019 = [ @@ -2741,6 +2742,126 @@ def add_carbon_capture( return new_technology_dataframe +def add_perennials_refining( + years: list, + sheet_names_dict: dict, + new_technology_dataframe: pd.DataFrame, +) -> pd.DataFrame: + """ + Add perennials + green biorefining (GBR) excl. biogas production plant. + + It considers purchase of raw materials (perennials) and sales of other products + (protein concentrate and biogas feedstock) in the VOM. + + Parameters + ---------- + years : list + Years for which a cost assumption is provided (e.g. [2020, 2025, ...]). + sheet_names_dict : dict + Dictionary having the technology name as keys and source/sheet references as values. + (Used for "further description" to match repository conventions.) + new_technology_dataframe : pandas.DataFrame + DataFrame to be filled/updated with the new technology data. + + Returns + ------- + pandas.DataFrame + Updated technology data with "perennials refining". + """ + + tech_name = "perennials refining" + + # References (store also in "source" below) + source_r1 = "Andrade, Ambye-Jensen: Process Integration and Techno-Economic Assessment of a Green Biorefinery Demonstration Scale Platform for Leaf Protein Production (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50147-8" + + # --- Constants --- + LHV_ch4 = 50 / 3.6 # MWh/t_CH4 + + # --- Mass & energy balance assumptions (R1) --- + DM_perennials = 0.18 # dry matter content (t_DM / t_wet) + ch4_mass_fraction_in_biogas = ( + 0.348 # mass fraction CH4 in biogas (check definition in R1) + ) + flh_y = 4200 # full-load hours per year (green crops harvest May–Oct) + + perennials_input_flow = 40 * DM_perennials # t_DM/h + perennials_input_annual = perennials_input_flow * flh_y # t_DM/y + + protein_output_flow = 1.4 # t_DM/h (protein concentrate on DM basis) + protein_output_annual = protein_output_flow * flh_y # t_DM/y + + # (t_biogas/h) * (mass fraction CH4) * (MWh/t_CH4) + biogas_output_flow = 0.29 * ch4_mass_fraction_in_biogas * LHV_ch4 # MW_CH4 + + # electricity input + electricity_input_flow = 7.33 / 100 * perennials_input_flow + + # --- CAPEX --- + # Biogas plant is excluded, as PyPSA-Eur charges it in "biogas to gas". + # GBR investment from R1 Table 4, divided by input capacity (tDM/h) + investment = 9.33e6 / (40 * DM_perennials) + + # --- OPEX / VOM --- + protein_price = 535 # EUR/t (R1) + perennial_cost = 130 # EUR/tDM (R1) + + # EUR/tDM: cost of perennials - revenue from protein + VOM = perennial_cost - protein_price * ( + protein_output_annual / perennials_input_annual + ) + + # "labor and maintenance" (EUR/year, R1 Table 4) relative to investment + FOM = 0.45e6 / 9.33e6 * 100 # %/year + + # --- Write to dataframe (match repo conventions) --- + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), years] = investment + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "unit"] = "EUR/(t_DM/h)" + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "currency_year"] = 2020 + + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "lifetime"), years] = 25 + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "lifetime"), "unit"] = "years" + + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "FOM"), years] = FOM + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "FOM"), "unit"] = "%/year" + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "FOM"), "currency_year"] = 2020 + + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), years] = VOM + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), "unit"] = "EUR/t_DM" + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), "currency_year"] = 2020 + + # Outputs/inputs per tDM + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "biogas-output"), years] = ( + biogas_output_flow / perennials_input_flow + ) + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "biogas-output"), "unit"] = "MWh/t_DM" + + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "electricity-input"), years] = ( + electricity_input_flow / perennials_input_flow + ) + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "electricity-input"), "unit"] = ( + "MWh/t_DM" # verify! + ) + + # Metadata (apply to whole tech row, like add_carbon_capture) + new_technology_dataframe.loc[tech_name, "source"] = source_r1 + new_technology_dataframe.loc[tech_name, "further description"] = ( + "DM: dry matter of perennial crops." + ) + + # Per-variable descriptions (optional but often nice) + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "investment"), "further description"] = ( + "DM: dry matter of perennial crops. The investment includes the green biorefinery plant only, not the biogas plant, Table 4" + ) + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "VOM"), "further description"] = ( + "DM: dry matter of perennial crops. Includes purchase of perennials and revenue from sales of protein concentrate (Tables 2 -4)" + ) + new_technology_dataframe.loc[(tech_name, "FOM"), "further description"] = ( + "Labor and maintenance of 0.45 MEUR/year relative to investment of 9.33 MEUR, Table 4" + ) + + return new_technology_dataframe + + def rename_pypsa_old(cost_dataframe_pypsa: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: """ The function renames old technology names to new ones to compare converts units from water tanks to compare. @@ -4111,6 +4232,8 @@ def add_energy_storage_database( data = convert_units(years_list, data) # add carbon capture data = add_carbon_capture(years_list, dea_sheet_names, data, tech_data) + # add perennials and green biorefining + data = add_perennials_refining(years_list, dea_sheet_names, data) # adjust for inflation for x in data.index.get_level_values("technology"):