diff --git a/cyclonedx_py/_internal/environment.py b/cyclonedx_py/_internal/environment.py
index f3fda3ee..65e61644 100644
--- a/cyclonedx_py/_internal/environment.py
+++ b/cyclonedx_py/_internal/environment.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 from os import getcwd, name as os_name
 from os.path import exists, isdir, join
 from subprocess import run  # nosec
-from sys import path as sys_path
+from sys import executable, path as sys_path
 from textwrap import dedent
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
@@ -115,14 +115,14 @@ def make_argument_parser(**kwargs: Any) -> 'ArgumentParser':
                        action='store_false',
                        dest='import_site',
                        help='Do not implicitly import site during Python path detection.\n'
-                            'Prevents evaluation of `*.pth` files, but may lead to incomplete component detection.')
+                            'Prevents evaluation of `*.pth` files, but may lead to incomplete component detection.\n'
+                            'Without a target `<python>`, the current interpreter is probed this way.')
         p.add_argument('-E',  # mimic `python -E`
                        action='store_false',
                        dest='honor_py_env_vars',
                        help='Run the target interpreter with `-E` (ignore PYTHON* environment\n'
                             'variables such as PYTHONPATH) when detecting its path.\n'
-                            'Only applies when a target `<python>` is given; has no effect when\n'
-                            'analyzing the current environment.\n'
+                            'Without a target `<python>`, the current interpreter is probed this way.\n'
                             'Interpreters that require PYTHONHOME to start may fail with this flag.')
         p.add_argument('--gather-license-texts',
                        action='store_true',
@@ -171,6 +171,10 @@ def __call__(self, *,  # type:ignore[override]
         path: list[str]
         if python:
             path = self.__path4python(python, import_site, honor_py_env_vars)
+        elif not import_site or not honor_py_env_vars:
+            # the already-running interpreter imported site and honored PYTHON* vars at startup;
+            # probe a fresh one with the requested flags
+            path = self.__path4python(executable, import_site, honor_py_env_vars)
         else:
             path = sys_path.copy()
         if path[0] in ('', getcwd()):
diff --git a/docs/usage.rst b/docs/usage.rst
index 24ce9746..a4c3c6bc 100644
--- a/docs/usage.rst
+++ b/docs/usage.rst
@@ -73,12 +73,13 @@ The full documentation can be issued by running with ``environment --help``:
       -h, --help            show this help message and exit
       -S                    Do not implicitly import site during Python path detection.
                             Prevents evaluation of `*.pth` files, but may lead to incomplete component detection.
+                            Without a target `<python>`, the current interpreter is probed this way.
       -E                    Run the target interpreter with `-E` (ignore PYTHON*
                             environment variables such as PYTHONPATH) when
-                            detecting its path. Only applies when a target
-                            `<python>` is given; has no effect when analyzing the
-                            current environment. Interpreters that require
-                            PYTHONHOME to start may fail with this flag.
+                            detecting its path. Without a target `<python>`, the
+                            current interpreter is probed this way. Interpreters
+                            that require PYTHONHOME to start may fail with this
+                            flag.
       --gather-license-texts
                             Enable license text gathering.
       --pyproject <file>    Path to the root component's `pyproject.toml` file.
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_cli_environment.py b/tests/integration/test_cli_environment.py
index c70c242a..edbf76d6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_cli_environment.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_cli_environment.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 from os import environ, mkdir, name as os_name
 from os.path import basename, dirname, join
 from subprocess import run  # nosec:B404
-from sys import executable, stderr
+from sys import executable, path as sys_path, stderr
 from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
 from typing import Any
 from unittest import TestCase, skipIf
@@ -194,6 +194,61 @@ def test_no_python_env_ignores_parent_pythonpath(self) -> None:
             self.assertIn(foreign_name, names1)
             self.assertNotIn(foreign_name, names2)
 
+    def test_no_python_given_env_ignores_parent_pythonpath(self) -> None:
+        """Follow-up for #1045: with -E and no target, the current interpreter is
+        probed via `python -E` instead of reusing the already-imported sys.path."""
+        foreign_name = 'leakypkg'
+        with TemporaryDirectory() as foreign_root:
+            dist_info = join(foreign_root, f'{foreign_name}-9.9.9.dist-info')
+            mkdir(dist_info)
+            with open(join(dist_info, 'METADATA'), 'w', encoding='utf8') as fh:
+                fh.write('Metadata-Version: 2.1\n'
+                         f'Name: {foreign_name}\n'
+                         'Version: 9.9.9\n')
+            # simulate a parent PYTHONPATH that the running interpreter already honored
+            leaky_path = [foreign_root, *sys_path]
+            with patch('cyclonedx_py._internal.environment.sys_path', leaky_path), \
+                    patch.dict(environ, {'PYTHONPATH': foreign_root}):
+                res, sbom1, err = run_cli(
+                    'environment', '--sv', '1.6', '--of', 'JSON', '--no-validate', '-o=-')
+                self.assertEqual(0, res, err)
+                res, sbom2, err = run_cli(
+                    'environment', '--sv', '1.6', '--of', 'JSON', '--no-validate', '-o=-',
+                    '-E')  # the important part
+                self.assertEqual(0, res, err)
+        names1 = {c['name'] for c in json_loads(sbom1).get('components') or ()}
+        names2 = {c['name'] for c in json_loads(sbom2).get('components') or ()}
+        self.assertIn(foreign_name, names1)
+        self.assertNotIn(foreign_name, names2)
+
+    def test_no_python_given_site_flags_probe_current_interpreter(self) -> None:
+        """Follow-up for #1045: with -S and/or -E and no target, the current interpreter
+        is probed with the corresponding flags instead of reusing the already-imported sys.path."""
+        sentinel = ['/sentinel/not/probed']
+        for flags, expected in (
+            (('-S',), ['-S']),
+            (('-E',), ['-E']),
+            (('-S', '-E'), ['-E', '-S']),
+        ):
+            with self.subTest(flags=flags), \
+                    patch('cyclonedx_py._internal.environment.sys_path', sentinel), \
+                    patch('cyclonedx_py._internal.environment.run', wraps=run) as run_spy:
+                res, sbom, err = run_cli(
+                    'environment', '--sv', '1.6', '--of', 'JSON', '--no-validate', '-o=-',
+                    *flags)
+                self.assertEqual(0, res, err)
+                self.assertEqual(1, run_spy.call_count)
+                cmd = run_spy.call_args.args[0]
+                self.assertEqual(executable, cmd[0])
+                self.assertEqual(expected, cmd[1:-2])
+
+    def test_no_python_given_no_flags_reuses_sys_path(self) -> None:
+        with patch('cyclonedx_py._internal.environment.run') as run_mock:
+            res, sbom, err = run_cli(
+                'environment', '--sv', '1.6', '--of', 'JSON', '--no-validate', '-o=-')
+        self.assertEqual(0, res, err)
+        run_mock.assert_not_called()
+
     def test_with_current_python(self) -> None:
         sv = SchemaVersion.V1_6
         of = random.choice((OutputFormat.XML, OutputFormat.JSON))  # nosec B311