diff --git a/src/Disks/IDisk.cpp b/src/Disks/IDisk.cpp
index 7c6a05853f22e..44390495fa9db 100644
--- a/src/Disks/IDisk.cpp
+++ b/src/Disks/IDisk.cpp
@@ -247,6 +247,10 @@ void IDisk::checkAccess()
         throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Server UUID is not initialized");
     const String path = fmt::format("clickhouse_access_check_{}", toString(server_uuid));
 
+    /// Disks created in parallel (`Context::getOrCreateDisk`) can share a backing store, and every
+    /// probe writes, reads and removes this one name: overlapping probes see each other's file.
+    static std::mutex probe_mutex;
+    std::lock_guard lock(probe_mutex);
     checkAccessImpl(path);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/Disks/tests/gtest_disk_access_check.cpp b/src/Disks/tests/gtest_disk_access_check.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d97c7a72d59ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Disks/tests/gtest_disk_access_check.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <Core/ServerUUID.h>
+#include <Disks/tests/gtest_disk.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace
+{
+
+/// Counts the access probes running at the same time. A probe waits for a second one to arrive, so
+/// two unserialized probes meet inside `checkAccessImpl` and a serialized pair runs one after the other.
+struct ProbeMeter
+{
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable arrived;
+    size_t active = 0;
+    size_t max_active = 0;
+};
+
+class ProbeDisk : public DB::DiskLocal
+{
+public:
+    ProbeDisk(const String & name_, const String & path_, ProbeMeter & meter_) : DiskLocal(name_, path_), meter(meter_) { }
+
+protected:
+    void checkAccessImpl(const String &) override
+    {
+        std::unique_lock lock(meter.mutex);
+        ++meter.active;
+        meter.max_active = std::max(meter.max_active, meter.active);
+        meter.arrived.notify_all();
+        meter.arrived.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(300), [&] { return meter.active == 2; });
+        --meter.active;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ProbeMeter & meter;
+};
+
+}
+
+/// Every disk writes the probe `clickhouse_access_check_<server uuid>`; disks created in parallel
+/// (`Context::getOrCreateDisk`) can share a backing store, so their probes must not overlap.
+TEST(DiskAccessCheck, ProbesOfDisksOverOneDirectoryDoNotOverlap)
+{
+    DB::ServerUUID::setRandomForUnitTests();
+    auto backing = createDisk("access_check");
+    ProbeMeter meter;
+    auto a = std::make_shared<ProbeDisk>("a", backing->getPath(), meter);
+    auto b = std::make_shared<ProbeDisk>("b", backing->getPath(), meter);
+
+    std::thread ta([&] { a->startup(/*skip_access_check=*/false); });
+    std::thread tb([&] { b->startup(/*skip_access_check=*/false); });
+    ta.join();
+    tb.join();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(meter.max_active, 1u);
+    destroyDisk(backing);
+}